Garlic ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala masamba, zonunkhira komanso mankhwala.
Ngakhale kuti aliyense sangadzitcha okha mafani a kukoma kwake kokometsera, palibe amene angakane kapena kutsutsa machiritso ake.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, umunthu wakhala ukukula adyo kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo kwa ife tonse takhala mbewu yamba yomwe ingapezeke mosavuta m'munda uliwonse.
Koma lero tiyesa kuyesa kuti tisapindule ndi momwe zilili bwino komanso kuti ndibwino bwanji kuzigwiritsa ntchito, koma ndikuuzeni za zinsinsi zobzala mbewuyi nthawi yachisanu, kusamalira ndi kuteteza ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Momwe mungadzazire nkhokwe zanu ndi kasupe wa kasupe: zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kubzala
Spring adyo ndi imodzi yomwe yabzalidwa nthawi yamasika. Kawirikawiri ife timakonda kulima chomera ichi m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye zokolola zake zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ponena za kuchuluka kwake ndi khalidwe.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, nyengo yachisanu ya adyo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri - imawonongeka ndipo imauma mofulumira kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri nthawi zina adyo akhoza kusungidwa mpaka masika. Pachifukwa ichi, wamaluwawo adaganiza kuti ayesetse kudzala mbewuyi kumapeto kwa nyengo, chifukwa choti zinatheka kuthera nthawi yosungirako mbewu zake.
Inde zokolola zochepa, omwe amapezeka mwa njirayi yobzala, amalola ambiri kuti aziwone ngati osagwira ntchito, koma ena amafika pambali ya zifukwa zoterozo, omwe amakhulupirira kuti apamwamba kuchiritsa kasupe wa kasupe.
Tikukonzekera kubzala adyo m'chaka ndikupanga zinthu zabwino kuti zikule
Ponena za zinthu zomwe zimayenera kulengedwa pa kukula kwa adyo, zifukwa ziwiri zofunika kuziganizira: mtundu wa dothi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pakudzala mbewu.
Ponena za nthaka, ndiye kuti mitundu yabwino ndi yoyenera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwala ndipakati pa nthaka loamy. Amatha kutaya chinyezi mosavuta, koma kuti asasunge mwa iwo okha kwa nthawi yaitali. Komanso, phindu lalikulu la dothi ngatilo ndikutha kukwaniritsa mizu ya adyo ndi zakudya.
Nkofunikanso kuti nthaka ikhale ndi feteleza. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyambe kukonzekera m'dzinja. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa feteleza feteleza kumawonjezeredwa, komwe kudzayamba kuwonongeka ndi kudyetsa nthaka nthawi yokha ya kukula kwa adyo.
Musamabzalitse adyo, makamaka masika, pa dothi losavuta, zomwe zidzakuchepetsanso kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera. Dothi lotero limalangizidwa kuti likhale laimu, kuchepetsa mlingo wa acidity ku 6-7 pH.
Malingana ndi nyengo ya kutentha, ndifunikanso kugwiritsira ntchito nthaka. Makamaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti adyo ndi miyambo yozizira, choncho mizu yake imayamba kukula ngakhale 1ºє.
Zoonadi, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kudzakhala + 8-12ºС, komanso kutentha kotere gawo la nthaka lomwe lafotokozedwa likutha kukula. Komabe, pali chiganizo chimodzi chochepa: ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi nthaka ndizitali, gawo la pansi lingakhale loyambirira kwambiri pazu mu kukula, ndiye babu sungapangidwe. Choncho, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi nthawi yoyendetsa pansi ndipo mulimonsemo musachedwe ndi iwo.
Mukamabzala adyo, posachedwa zidzasintha. Musawope kuti iye adzawombera, kuwopa kuti iye sangakubweretseni inu mbewu iliyonse.
Chinthu china chofunikira ndi kukhalapo kwa chinyezi kuti rooting cloves wa adyo. Ngati palibe, imatha kukhala yayitali kwambiri m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali osati kukula. Ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimatha kuchitika masika, pamene nthaka siidakali yodzaza ndi zinyontho, chifukwa imatha kutuluka pansi.
Pamene ndendende nthawi yolima kasupe?
Kulimbitsa ndi kubzala adyo m'madera a Ukraine kapena pakati pa dziko la Russia sikoyenera. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso mophweka sangakhale ndi nthawi yokhwima mu nthawi yochepa yotentha. Ndipo kupatsidwa kukana kwa zomera izi kuzizira, zikhoza kubzalidwa kwambiri oyambirira.
Komabe, kawirikawiri izi zimachitika pakutha kwa zaka khumi zachiwiri za April kapena kumayambiriro kwachitatu. Ndizomwe zingakhale bwino kudzala adyo kuyambira pa 7 mpaka 14 April. Inde, masika aliwonse amasiyana ndi nyengo ya chisanu kubwerera ndi kutentha, choncho nthawi zina adyo amabzalidwa kale masika. Pachifukwachi, zokolola zimapezeka sizidzakhala zosiyana ndi yozizira.
Chofunika kwambiri pokonzekera dothi kwa adyo: kugawana zinsinsi ndi malamulo ofunikira
Tidatchula kale mtundu wa nthaka molingana ndi mtundu umene tiyenera kufesa adyo. Komabe, mu ulimi palibe vuto lofunika kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa mbeu pa nthaka. Makamaka, adyo sichikulimbikitsidwa kukhala wamkulu pamalo omwe adakula chaka chatha, kapena anyezi, kapena mbatata. Ndizovomerezeka kuti iye anali anabzala pambuyo nkhaka, zukini kapena kabichi. Pankhaniyi, nthaka sidzawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha zakudya za adyo.
Mungayambe kuphika nthaka kuti adyo mu kugwa, mosamala kukumba iyo ndi kufesa ndi mankhwala. Komabe, m'dzinja idzafunikanso kukonzedwanso. Osachepera tsiku asanadzalemo, amafunanso kukumba, ndipo kukumba kumakhala kozama, chifukwa cha bayonet yonse ya fosholo. Pochita izi, imachotsanso zotsalira za namsongole wa chaka chatha kuchokera kunthaka, komanso zomwe zatha kale kukula chaka chino. Kawirikawiri, nthaka yabwino yokonzekera kubzala adyo iyenera kumasulidwa bwino, yoyeretsedwa.
Musaiwale kugawana chinsinsi china: kusanayambe kusamba kwa adyo, ndi bwino kuthirira nthaka ndi yankho la mchere wamba wamba. Pachifukwa ichi, supuni zitatu zokha za feteleza izi zimasinthidwa mu chidebe cha madzi. Pambuyo pake, dera lonse limene mukupita kukabzala adyo limatsanulidwa ndi madzi awa. Sizimangokhala ngati feteleza, koma imatetezeranso zomera ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Kukonzekera chodzala adyo wokha: Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingapambane bwino?
Timaganiza kuti aliyense amadziwa momwe adyo amachulukira. Izi zimachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi mano ake, omwe amabzalidwa m'nthaka, amamera ndikupanga mutu wonse wa chomera ichi. Koma kuti zonsezi zichitike bwino, ndizofunikira kukonzekera zoyamba kubzala - mano okha.
Kulekanitsa mano kuchokera pamutu, m'pofunika kusankha zazikulu ndi zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zingapereke zokolola zabwino. Pofuna kulimbitsa mphamvu zake kuti zikule m'tsogolo, chophimba chimayikidwa m'madzi ofunda musanadzalemo.
Komanso bwino kwambiri zimalimbikitsa kukula, madzi akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la nitroammofoski. Njira yothetsera vutoli siyenera kukhala yamphamvu, kawirikawiri osagwiritsa ntchito tsp imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha madzi. Sikoyenera kuwasunga m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, usiku umodzi ndi wokwanira ngati mutayamba kukwera m'mawa.
Tiyeni tipatseni malangizo ena kuchokera kwa wamaluwa odziwa bwino ntchito:
- Garlic cloves akhoza kupangidwa ndi mchere kapena potaziyamu permanganate musanadzalemo. Zinthu izi zimachulukitsa kukhazikika kwake ndi kuonjezera zokolola. Komabe, ngakhale popanda ntchito zoterezi, zabwino zokolola za autumn adyo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka.
- Garlic ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha mbewu. Kawirikawiri amapangidwa pa mivi ya zimayendedwe ndi nthawi imene zimatha kukolola. Komabe, pakali pano, zokolola sizidzapezeka m'chaka chodzala. Ndiponsotu, mutu umodzi wokha umakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zofooka, zomwe zimabzala kubzala chaka chamawa.
Ndondomeko yobzala garlic: Kodi chomerachi chimafuna kuti kukula bwino?
Inde, adyo si mtengo waukulu womwe uli ndi mizu yopangidwa bwino, ndipo dera lake limakhala lochepa kwambiri. Chinthu chofunikira chokha ndichoti asanatulukidwe mano ayenera kubwereranso kachiwiri, kuika zikuluzikulu kumbali imodzi ndi zing'onozing'ono kumzake.
Popeza mano akulu amatha kupanga mitu ikuluikulu, ayenera kubzalidwa mochuluka. Pakati pa mano awiri ayenera kuchoka pamtunda wa masentimita 10-12, koma pakati pa mizera yawo - pafupifupi 16-20 masentimita. Mano omwewo ali ndi kukula kwazing'ono zingabzalidwe mofulumira, nthawi ziwiri.
Ndondomeko yotereyi imakhala yabwino. Amathandiza mwamsanga kukolola kuti aikidwe pa adyo yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chonse kuti idye chakudya komanso zolinga zina, ndi imodzi yomwe idzakhala mbewu yobzala m'tsogolomu.
Ponena za kubzala adyo nthawi ya masika, ndi bwino kulingalira izi:
- Sikofunikira kukumba mano kwambiri, monga momwe tinkakhalira tikamadzala chilimwe adyo. Ndiponsotu, ikhoza kupitiriza kukula kwa zomera, kuchepetsa kukula ndi chitukuko. Njira yobzalayi ndi yofanana ndi kubzala anyezi, ngati tikulankhula za kuzama kwa mbeu mu nthaka - 1-2 masentimetita okha.
- Chophimbacho chimayikidwa mu nthaka, pansi, chifukwa kuchokera mtsogolo mtsogolo mizu ya adyo idzapangidwa.
- Kondomu nthaka mutabzala sichinthu chamtengo wapatali. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kasupe wa kasupe amauzidwa kuti asamabzalidwe ndi kubzala m'nthaka, yomwe idzalumikiza nthaka ndipo idzasokoneza kukula kwa mizu. Ndibwino kuti musakonzekeretse zingwe zosalimba zomwe zili pamtunda wonsewo, kulolani mano mkati mwake ndikuziphimba ndi nthaka.
- Ndikofunika kubwezeretsanso nthaka yomwe idabzalidwa kale adyo, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika ngati dothi likufunikira chinyezi.
Mlimi wamaluwa: danga pakati pa mizere ya adyo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito phindu. Pakati pa mizere ya zomera izi kawirikawiri zofesedwa mbande kabichi kapena swede. Popeza mbande imakula mofulumira ndipo imaphatikizapo kubzala, sizingabweretse choyipa kwa adyo, koma izi zidzalola kupulumutsa zambiri ndi munda.
Kukolola kasupe adyo: nthawi yoyamba ndi momwe mungasunge?
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi nyengo yabwino komanso nyengo yabwino, kasupe amatha kucha popanda mavuto kumapeto kwa August kapena zaka khumi zoyambirira za September, ndiko kuti, patapita nthawi yozizira.
Komabe, ngati nyengo ikuloleza, ndipo zimayambira siziwoneka zouma mokwanira, mukhoza kuzigwirira m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachulukitsa kwambiri kukula kwa mbeu.
Mababu ayenera kuchotsedwa mosavuta m'nthaka ndi tsinde, koma ngati nthaka ndi yowuma ndipo iwonongeke, ndibwino kuti iwonongeke. Pambuyo pake, amatha kuuma m'munda, ngati nyengo imaloleza, kapena pansi pa pogona - chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuti mpweya wabwino wa mpweya wabwino.
Nthawi yosungirako nthawi zambiri chotsani nsongazoKomabe, ikhoza kupulumutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madontho a garlic chifukwa chophimba - mungathe kuwona zinthu ngati zimenezi ndi agogo anu aakazi kapena m'madera a dziko la Ukraine.
Njira yosungirako Pali adyo awiri:
- Mwa njira yofunda, yomwe mbewuyo imasungidwa kutentha kosapitirira 18ºС, zimakhalanso zosatheka kuzichepetsa m'munsimu.
- Njira yozizira imasonyeza kuti adyo imasiyidwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha kumazungulira pafupifupi 3ºC.
Timasamala kasupe wa kasupe: momwe mungapitirire zokolola ndi kuteteza chomera ku tizirombo?
Ngakhale sizili zovuta kusamalira zonse, koma ziyenera kuchitika. Chifukwa cha izi chikupezeka pakukhala ndi tizirombo zambiri za zomera ndi matenda omwe angawononge.
Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi chaka, n'zotheka kusintha kwambiri chonde cha nthaka ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nyengo.
Timapanga kukana kwa adyo, kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Ngakhale kuti kununkhira ndi kununkhira kwa zipatso za zomera, zikhoza kuonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri. Pakati pawo pali zambiri fungal matenda, khomo lachiberekero kuvunda, anyezi ntchentche, wakuda nkhungu.
Kawirikawiri, adyo amatha kuwatsutsa bwino, komabe ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chidwi ndi chomera ngakhale pali zizindikiro za matenda - mwamsanga tengani njira zothana nazo.
Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha adyo kungakhale feteleza wabwino komanso nthaka nthawi zonse imamasula. Komanso, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zathanzi kuti mubzalidwe, ndipo mutatha kukolola muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala, zouma ndi kutayika mitu yowonongeka.
Komabe, njira zokhazokha zothandizira mphutsi zake zingathandize kulimbana ndi tizilombo ngati tizilombo touluka: zothetsera fodya kapena mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Komanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za m'dzinja kudyetsa adyo
Timasamalira nthaka imene adyo imakula
Kusamalira nthaka kumaphatikizapo kumasula komanso kuchotsa namsongole. Chifukwa chaichi, mizu idzakhala yosavuta kukula, adzalandira zakudya ndi chinyezi mofulumira.
Namsongole amakhalanso owopsa kwa mpesa, chifukwa amatha "kuba" zakudya m'nthaka komanso magwero a matenda ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Kupaka zovala zapakati pa kasupe wa kasupe: ndi feteleza ati omwe mungagwiritse ntchito?
Kudyetsa adyo kungayambike mwamsanga mutangoyamba kumera, kufalitsa mchere wambiri pakati pa mizera yake. Mbewu ikayamba kupanga mababu, pafupi ndi mwezi wa July, mungagwiritse ntchito feteleza zovuta.
Makamaka phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zimatsimikiziridwa bwino pa kukula kwa adyo, ndipo superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri pa chidebe cha madzi a feteleza awa: supuni imodzi idzakhala yokwanira kwa awiri oyambirira, ndi 2 kwachiwiri. Ngati dothi liri losauka ndipo siliri lokwanira, ndiye kuti kuvala pamwamba kumachitika ngakhale sabata iliyonse, ngakhale kuti mlingowo ndi 2 nthawi pa mwezi.
Kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kotereku sikuyeneranso kupangidwa - ngakhale malita 3-4 adzakhala okwana 1m2.
Kodi adyo amafunika kuthirira? Timakambirana za zowawa ndi zosowa za mbeu.
Panthawi imene adyo amayamba kukula makamaka, nyengo imakhala yotentha kwambiri. Ndipo popeza imakula pansi pa nthaka, nthawi zambiri imasowa chinyezi. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthirira adyo kumaperekedwa kwa inu ngati nkhani yamba, yomwe imakhala ikuchitika m'chilala.
Pamalo a 1m2 ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira chidebe cha madzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tikulimbikitsanso kuthirira madzulo, ndipo tsiku lachiwiri kuti tithe kumasula nthaka (popeza madzi amatha kuzizira kwambiri, zomwe sizothandiza).
