Zipatso zonunkhira, zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimakhala ndi vitamini zimapangitsa kuti zikhale mbewu yabwino m'dera lililonse. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, rasipiberi waku Brusvyana, yemwe amapereka zipatso zambiri zazikulu ndi zotsekemera, ndiwotchuka.
Mbiri yakukula raspberries Brusvyana
Rasipiberi adadziwika nalo dzina la nazale ya mabulosi Brusvyana, yomwe ili mdera la Zhytomyr ku Ukraine. Wolemba mabuku osiyanasiyana V. Dmitriev adayamba kugwira ntchito yoletsa raspberry mu 1993 podutsa mame a ku Poland a Porana ndi oweta. Kwa zaka 15, wolemba wabweretsa mawonekedwe atsopano ku ungwiro. Tsopano Brusvyana wakula m'minda yamalonda komanso yamakampani osati ku Ukraine kokha, komanso ku Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus.
Mitundu ya rasipiberi Brusvyana idaphatikizidwa mu Ukraine State Register of Plants mu 2009. Mu State Record of the Russian Federation sinalembedwe.
Pa nthawi yakucha, nthambi za zipatso za Brusvyana zimakulungidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Mitundu ya Brusvyana ikukonza, ndiye kuti, imatha kubereka zipatso kawiri nyengo, yoyamba pa mphukira wazaka ziwiri, kenako pamipanda ya chaka chamawa. Tchire la rasipiberi limakhala lalikulu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu (kutalika mpaka 2 m, ndipo makulidwe angapo amatuluka mpaka 4 cm), kuti Brusvyana nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mtengo rasipiberi. Imapanga bwino mphukira ndi nthambi zamphamvu, kuti chitsamba chimakhala chofinya. Mphukira yozika imapangidwa, m'malo mwake, pang'ono, kotero kuti Brusvyana "amatumphuka" osagwirizana ndi mitundu ina.
Rasipiberi zimayambira chilili, chowala chofiirira. Minga imakhala yobiriwira kapena yotuwa, imamera kawirikawiri (tsinde limakhala losalala). Masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino.
Brusvyana nthawi zambiri amatchedwa rasipiberi wa mitengo chifukwa cha tchire lamtali lalitali.
Kuchulukitsa kwa ovary kumachitika pazomera zamitengo. Zipatso zokhala ndi zipatsozi zimakhala ndi glossy pang'ono komanso utoto wonyezimira. Ndizambiri kwambiri, zolemera pafupifupi 6-10 g, zomwe zimafalikira mpaka g 15. Mpweya wowonda womwe umakhala ndi fungo la rasipiberi wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri pazipatso zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri mu mankhwala azikhalidwe (monga antipyretic, analgesic, diuretic). Masamba a rasipiberi amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ndipo ali m'gulu la zodzoladzola zosiyanasiyana.
Kanema: Rasitrus Brusvyana zipsa
Makhalidwe a Gulu
Chomera chilichonse chimadziwika ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Ubwino wa Brusvyana:
- kukula ndi kukopa kwa mawonekedwe a zipatso;
- kukolola kwakukulu - ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mutha kutola zipatso za 8 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse, ngakhale zokolola wamba ndizo 4-5 kg;
- kusunthika kwabwino chifukwa chamkokomo wa zipatso;
- kukana chisanu ndikulimbana ndi matenda akuluakulu ndi tizirombo;
- nthawi yayitali yopima zipatso (kuyambira zaka khumi za Juni mpaka pakati pa Seputembala);
- zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa michere.
Zofooka za mitundu:
- kusokoneza kubereka chifukwa cha ochepa ana a mizu;
- shuga wochepa zipatso;
- fungo losasangalatsa lililonse lochokera ku tchire.
Zowongolera
Kupambana kwa kubzala kumatengera kusankha koyenera mbande, nthawi ndi malo obzala.
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zodzala
Nthawi zambiri, mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala. Ndikofunika kuti mugule pa nazale yapadera kuti musagule zinthu zodwala. Mkhalidwe wa mbande umatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe mizu (imapangidwira, yopanda zowola ndi zowuma) ndi zimayambira (zobiriwira komanso zolimba). Ndiosafunika kutenga mbande zazitali kuposa 20 cm.
Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseka mizu imaphukira bwino ndipo ithafesedwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka
Mabulosi ang'onoang'ono amatha kufalitsa ndi mizu ya ana. Brusvyana amawapatsa pang'ono, koma pali njira 'yolimbikitsira' chitsamba chaulesi. M'tchire lokhala ndi zaka 2-3, chigawo chapakati chokhala ndi masentimita 14-15 chimadulidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika, pambuyo pake ana 10-20 adzachoka pamizu.
Kanema: kubzala rasipiberi ndi mizu ya ana
Pofalitsa rasipiberi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira. Ayenera kudulidwa kuti alande gawo la "blached zone" - gawo lobisika lothawa. Kudula kumachitika bwino kwambiri mu nthawi ya masika, ngakhale ndi chisamaliro chabwino, kuzula kwa masamba obiriwira kumatheka.
Choyamba, zodula zokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15 ziyenera kusungidwa kwa maola 12 mu chosakanizira chopanga mizu (Heteroauxin, Kornevin), ndiye chodzalidwa pansi pa filimu kuti chizike mizu
Nthawi yayitali
Kuti muzu wazika msipu wa rasipiberi, kubzala kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa chaka, kusanachitike kuwoneka kwa masamba obiriwira, kapena kugwa, mu Okutobala. Kwa zigawo zozizira, kubzala kwa Epulo kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mizu ipangidwe dothi lisanazizire. Ngati munagula mbande mumbale, mutha kuwabzala nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi
Pafupifupi dothi lililonse ndiloyenera kupezeka rasipiberi, mutapatsa thanzi komanso kuthirira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala tchire m'nthaka ndi asidi pang'ono. Ngakhale madzi amakonda zachilengedwe, ma raspberries samalekerera madzi kusuntha (mizu kuvunda), chifukwa chake, chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka, ngalande ziyenera kuperekedwa.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso ndi zokolola zochulukirapo zimapezedwa pokhapokha mutabzala raspberries kum'mwera kwa tsambalo. Malo obzala ayenera kuwotchukitsidwa ndi dzuwa ndikutetezedwa ndi mphepo, yomwe imatha kuthyola tchire ndikuletsa tizilombo kuti tisadetsedwe.
Olima ena ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti imodzi mwanjira zabwino zokulira raspberries ndikuwudzala pa mtengo. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati muika mitengo yovunda, utuchi kapena zopindika pansi pa tchire pansi pa dothi, izi zimabereka zachilengedwe kuti zikule bwino.
Nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa osachepera masiku 20-25 musanabzalidwe. Chotsani maudzu onse ndi kukumba dothi. Popeza Brusvyana ili ndi mizu yolimba, dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayikira kwambiri pakuzama kwake.
Musanabzala, musaiwale kulemeretsa nthaka ndi feteleza wa mchere
Kutengera njira yofikira (mu mzere kapena umodzi), maenje okhala ndi mulifupi ndi kuya kwa mamitala 0,5 kapena matope okhala ndi mulifupi mwake ndi magawo akuya akonzedwa. Mafuta osakanikirana a mchere amathiridwa m'maenje opangidwa. Pa mita iliyonse yomangira ngalande (pa dzenje lirilonse), zidebe za 1.5-2 za humus, 20-25 g yamchere wa potaziyamu ndi 20 g ya superphosphate amawonjezeredwa. Dothi loonda limatsanuliridwa pa feteleza. Makulu akulu a tchire la Brusvyana amafuna malo oyenera: pakati pa tchire mumizere mufunika kusiyana kwa 0.6-0.7 m, pakati pa mizere - 2.5-3 m.
Maenje okumbika ali bwino kufupi ndi mpanda, ndikuzikumba pa mtunda wa 0.6-0.7 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake
Njira yomwe ikamatera imakhala ndi zotsatizana zingapo:
- Yenderani mbande zonse za chitsamba, chotsani malo ouma kapena ovulala a mizu ndi zimayambira.
- Viyikani mizu mu dongo, kenako ikani mmera mu ngalawo (dzenje). Pofalitsa mizu ndikuyiphimba ndi dziko lapansi, ndikupanga ndi manja anu. Kuzama kwakufika ndi 8-10 cm.
- Dulani mphukira mpaka impso, kusiya chitsa 20-25 cm. Ngati munagula mbande mumbale, kudulira sikofunikira.
- Madzi (malita 5-6 amadzi pachitsamba chilichonse).
Zinsinsi Zosamalira
Kusamalira rasipiberi kumakhala kulima nthawi zonse, kuthirira, kudulira, kumasunga ndi kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo.
Dothi
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti namsongole alibe, ndipo dothi limakhala lomasuka nthawi zonse. Kuyanika pafupipafupi (8-10 cm) pambuyo kuthirira kudzathandiza kuthana ndi mapangidwe a nthaka kutumphuka ndi namsongole. Kusunga chinyezi, kuphimba dothi lomasulidwa ndi mulch (mwachitsanzo, kompositi).
Kuchepetsa ndi zingwe
Kudulira raspberries kumachitika mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Popeza Brusvian ili ndi timiyala tambiri, pezani wadulira m'manja. Chapakatikati, masamba asanaphuke, malekezero a mphukira za chaka chatha amadulidwa ndi masentimita 18-20. Izi zimachitidwa pazachiyero - kuchotsa nsonga zomwe zimavulala ndi chisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kudulira koteroko kumapangitsa impso zam'munsi kukula.
Mukachotsa mbewu yachiwiri, mphukira za chaka cham'mbuyomo zimadulidwa. Kuti muchepetse nthawi yozizira, mutha kudula tchire lonse m'dzinja, koma kenako chaka chamawa, rasipiberi amapatsa mbewu imodzi yokha. Zowona, nthawi zambiri sichikhala chotsika kwambiri kuposa mawu.
M'zaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichepetse totseka kuti tchire lirilonse limaphulika 5-7. Komabe, alimi ena amangochotsa mphukira zoonda kwambiri (zosakwana cholembera), ndikusiyira tchire lambiri.
Zomera zamtambo zimadulidwa pafupi ndi nthaka
Kanema: Zomera zotsekera masamba
Ngakhale zimayambira ku Brusvyana zili ndi mainchesi olimba, mphepo yamphamvu imatha kuthyola kapena kusokoneza tchire. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwirizira garter kwa trellis. Mukabzala raspberries mu tchire losiyana, amapangira zogwirizira chimodzi - zipilala 220-250 masentimita ndi mainchesi 7-8. Zipilalazo zimakumbidwa mpaka mainchesi mita ndikuwakopa zitsamba zonse za chitsamba zija.
Mukabzala mu mzere, rasipiberi amaikidwa mu mawonekedwe a trellis - zipilala ziwiri zokhala ndi misewu yopingasa yomwe waya
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Rasipiberi tchire amawononga madzi ambiri nthawi yamaluwa ndi nthawi yakucha zipatso. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimaperekedwa ndi kuthirira. Ngati simungathe kuigwiritsa ntchito, kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse - pogwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe kapena kuwaza, nthawi 6-7 nthawi yachilimwe. Kutengera nyengo nyengo, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatha kuchuluka kapena kuchepa. Madzi amapatsidwa mphamvu yokwanira malita 25-30 pa mita imodzi ya mzere kuti nthaka ikhale yodzala mpaka 0,3-0.4 m. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za Okutobala, kuthirira kuthirira kwamadzi kumachitika.
Manyowa amchere amwazika panthaka, osakanikirana ndi dothi, kenako amathiriridwa
Masipuni amayamba kudyetsedwa zaka 2 mutabzala. Chapakatikati, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito (masikweya mita imodzi, 60-100 g wa nitroammophoska kapena 25-40 g wa urea wophatikizidwa ndi 30-40 g wa superphosphate iwiri). Mdima wa mphukira ndi masamba ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa potaziyamu. Pankhaniyi, potaziyamu sulfate (25-35 g / m2). Feteleza amamwazika panthaka ndikuthirira zochuluka. Zamoyo monga momwe zimaphatikizidwira mullein (1:10) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa zitosi za nkhuku (1: 20) zimawonjezeredwa nthawi zonse pakukula kwa 4-5 l / m2. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyereketsa nthaka ndi humus nthawi yamaluwa pamtunda wa 5-6 kg / m2.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Mukachotsa chachiwiri mbewu zonse zimadulidwa, ndiye kuti pansi mu rasipiberi muyenera kuwumbika ndi utuchi, peat kapena udzu (wosanjikiza 20-25 cm). Ngati zimayambira zaka ziwiri zokha, kudula, mphukira zotsalazo zimangirizidwa. Izi zichitike isanayambike chisanu choyamba, apo ayi nthambi zidzasweka, osawerama. Kukonzekera nthawi yozizira kuyenera kuchitika motere:
- Dulani masamba otsala kuchokera ku mphukira rasipiberi.
- Mangani timitengo tambiri, takhotera pansi ngati mawonekedwe a chipilala kutalika kwa 30 cm kuchokera pansi ndikukhala ndi zibowo.
- Valani tchire ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Kumayambiriro kasupe, zophimba ziyenera kuchotsedwa, apo ayi mphukira zimanyowa ndipo zimatha kuvunda
Kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo
Brusvyana amakana tizirombo ndi matenda. Komabe, matendawa atha. Rasipusi amadwala ndi imvi zowola, dzimbiri, anthracnose, mawanga oyera. Mwa tizirombo, ndikofunikira kuwopa kachilomboka ndi rasipiberi. Kupewa kumachitika bwino kupewa mavuto.
Zovala ndizofalikira kwambiri za raspberries, zimatayidwa ndi chithandizo ndi ma Instanticides.
Kumayambiriro koyambira, ndikofunikira kuchitira raspberries ndi fungicides (Bordeaux osakaniza, yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, Fundazole). Izi zithandiza kuteteza ku matenda a fungus. Ngati matenda apezeka, ndikofunikira kudula mphukira ndikuwotcha, ndikuchiritsa tchire ndi mankhwala omwe alembedwa.
Kuti mudziteteze ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono (mwachitsanzo, Actellic, Decis, Detoil). Chofunikira poteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndikuwongolera udzu nthawi yake, kudulira koyenera ndikumasulira nthaka nthawi zonse.
Kanema: samalira raspberries
Momwe mungakolole ndikusunga mbewu
Zipatso za Brusvyana zimayamba pakati pa Juni kumapeto kwa chaka cham'mbuyomu. Zomera zachiwiri zimaperekedwa ndi nthambi za chaka chino mgawo lachiwiri la Ogasiti ndikupitilizabe kubala zipatso mpaka chisanu. Nyengo yozizira, zina mwa mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Ubwino wa mbeu yachiwiriyi ndiwakuti sukhudzidwa ndi chiphuphu cha kachiromboka.
Masamba aubweya amasankhidwa ndi dzanja, m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo. Ngati ndi kotheka, zipatso ziyenera kumangika mu chidebe chosaya kuti rasipiberi asatenthe pansi pa kulemera kwawo. Dziwani kuti Brusvyana ali ndi zipatso zonenepa ndipo samakola kwambiri, mumangofunika kuthira zipatso kuchokera pachidebe chimodzi kupita kwina osowa.
Kuti rasipiberi adavutika pang'ono momwe mungathere poyenda, ikani pansi pambale ndi masamba (mutha kutenga rasipiberi). Zigawo za zipatso zosankhika ndizabwino posinthira masamba.
Mutha kusunga zipatso zatsopano mufiriji kwa masiku 5-7. Kukonza raspberries amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwa kupcha zipatso pamitengo yodulidwa, kumizidwa m'madzi. Potere, zipatsozi zimakhalabe zatsopano mpaka masiku 10. Chifukwa cha zokolola zochulukirapo, nthambi zotere zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.
Ma rasipiberi, omwe amapaka shuga ndi shuga, amasungidwa bwino ndipo amasangalatsa banja lonse nthawi yozizira
Brusvyana ndi wa mitundu yamafuta, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati mwatsopano, komanso kupanikizana, kupanikizana, kupera ndi shuga kapena kuzizira.
Ndemanga za kalasi ya Brusvyan
Ndidatenga izi mu nazale ya dzina lomwelo, tchire ziwiri, chimodzi, komabe, zidasefukira. Wopulumuka adapatsa mbewu yaying'ono. Chifukwa chake sindingathe kuweruza zokolola. Koma kukoma kwake ndikabwino kwambiri, sindinayeserepobe. Zimangochulukitsa mwamphamvu kwambiri - palibe zopitilira muyeso.
Artemio//forum.vinograd.info/showpost.php?p=292273&postcount=9
Dzulo ndi lero ndimayesa - monga momwe adakhwimira - zipatso zoyambirira pa rasipiberi zamitundu ya Brusvyana. Pali mkazi, mwana wamkazi, ndipo ine ndimadya ndipo sindimadzikhulupirira ndekha kuti rasipiberi amapsa mwachangu pamalo otseguka. Bush chaka chachiwiri. Adabzala pansi ndikuwonjezera mchenga. Padziko lapansi nthawi zonse pansi pa mulch wosanjikiza. Chaka chino, mulch muli zotsatirazi: Ndikutaya udzu pansi pamtunda wa nkhuku. Dothi likafika 20-30 cm, ndimaliwona pansi pa raspberry. Malinga ndi malamulo onse, rasipiberi amayenera kupsa mwezi umodzi, ndipo zimakondweretsa kale !!! Zipatso pa mphukira za chaka chatha. Mphukira zazing'ono zakula pafupifupi masentimita 120-130, mulibe nthambi zaiwo. Kodi mutha kuthina? P.S. Chaka chimenecho, a Brusvyana adapereka zipatso zoyambirira m'mwezi wa Novembala. Wophunzitsidwa mpaka Disembala. Unali waukulu komanso wokoma. Ndipo tidaganiza kuti anali wokhwima mochedwa. Ndipo tidabzala m'malimwe: Tinagula mmera wamafuta pachiwonetsero.
Grigory Bobryshev//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1582&start=1020
Ndili ndi chaka chachitatu kupita ku Brusvyan. Zipatso - mpaka 7-8 gr. Makulidwe a mphukira ndi 1.5 cm. Zopindulitsa zosaposa 4 kg. Kutsatsa ndiye injini yamalonda!
Vesela dolina//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-3938.html
Mphukira za Brusvyan zimapereka zokwanira. Sindinadalire chitsamba, chifukwa zonse zimatengera chisamaliro ndi ntchito zina. Kuti muwonjezere zokolola za mbande, mutha kudula mizu ndi fosholo m'tchire - izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mphukira. Ndipo kwa kukoma kwanga kwa ine kukonza kumakhuta. Apricot ndi Augustine ndi okoma. Mawa wabwino waku Poland. Ndipo Brusvyana ali pamlingo. Koma kukoma ndi mtundu - palibe oyenda nawo.
Nikolay//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1111
Ndili ndi mitundu iwiriyi yobzala masika yakhala yabwino kwambiri. Maluwa ndiakulu, okongola. Brusvyana ali ndi zotsekemera kwambiri. Kucha ndikugwirizanitsa mbewu isanachitike Polka. Polka ali ndi mabulosi okoma otsekemera komanso wowawasa wowawasa. Brusvyana adapereka mphukira ziwiri, kasupe ndidzabzala. Polka anali waulesi, ndikhulupilira kamba kakumera.Tithokoze ndi Kolya chifukwa cha kukongola komanso maonekedwe.
Wochenjera//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1111
Brusvyana ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri yamitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ubwino wake wosasinthika umaphatikizapo kukula kwa chipatso ndi zipatso zambiri. Koma tisaiwale kuti kuti mupeze zipatso zazikulu ndi zokolola zomwe zimafanana ndi mitundu ya mitundu, muyenera kuyika ndalama zambiri ndikutsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo aulimi. Pokhapokha ndi pomwe Brusvyana adzayamika mwini wakeyo ndi zipatso zabwino zazikuluzikulu, zokutira, zomwe ndi zabwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito pompopompo komanso pokonzekera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba.
