Kwa alimi, vuto la kubereketsa ng'ombe nthawi zonse ndilopangika, zomwe zingakhale zamoyo zonse za mkaka ndi nyama.
Zithunzi zofanana ndi za Switzerland ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kuphatikiza kwakukulu. Pang'ono ndi khama komanso mtengo, oimira mtundu umenewu amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri.
Mbiri yamabambo ndi kufotokozera
Chiyambi cha ng'ombe za Simmental (kapena Bernice) sizikudziwikabe. Pali ziganizo ziwiri zokhudzana ndi kumene zimachokera. Choyamba ndi chakuti ng'ombe zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku mayiko a Scandinavia, ndipo wachiwiri amati iwo adachokera kuzilendo zakutchire. 
Chiyambi
Ofufuza ofotokozera mtundu wa Berne akuganiza kuti anabweretsa kuchokera ku mayiko a Scandinavia kupita ku Switzerland. Kenaka, kwa nthawi yaitali, ng'ombe zinkadyera m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Berne, womwe poyamba unkatchedwa Simma, zomwe zinapangidwa bwino komanso zodziwika bwino. Iwo adakhala okongola kwambiri, ndipo kuchokera ku ziweto zosabereka zinasanduka mtundu umodzi wa nyama zabwino ndi mkaka.
Zomwe zili kunja
Ng'ombe za a Bernese zimapatsidwa zazikulu zazikulu. Zimafota zimafika mamita masentimita 150, ndipo m'litali - 160. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kufika kulemera kwa tani, nthawi zambiri akazi amakhala ochepa, kulemera kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 600 mpaka 800 kiligrams.
Choyimira cha mtunduwu ndi nkhope yovuta komanso mutu waukulu. Pazimenezi muli nyanga zowala, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuzizira pamapeto. 
Ng'ombe za a Bernese zimapatsidwa mankhwala akuluakulu komanso opangidwa ndi sacrum, omwe amasonyeza dongosolo labwino la kubereka. Chifukwa cha izi akazi amatha kutulutsa mkaka wochuluka. Ng'ombe yamphongo ndi yayikulu, khungu mpaka kukhudza ndilosalala, koma pang'ono. Maonekedwe a udder sangakhale osiyana kwambiri: nthawi zambiri zimphuno zam'mbuyo zimakula zazikulu kuposa zam'mbuyo.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zingakhoze kulira pamene zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni.
Zizindikiro za nyama ndi mkaka
Mitundu ya simmental ndiyonse. Ndibwino kuti onse aphedwe komanso apange mkaka, womwe uli ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri:
- mafuta akusiyana ndi 3.7% mpaka 4%;
- kukoma kokoma;
- mapuloteni apamwamba.
Monga mtundu wa nyama, zofanana zimakhala zikudziwika kwambiri, tsopano zimangosungidwa kuti ziphedwe. 
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi ng'ombe zabernese, mungasankhe makhalidwe awo enieni:
- ana a ng'ombe akupeza kilogalamu patsiku;
- Nkhuku zowonongeka zimafika 55%, ndi ng'ombe - 65%;
- Amayi amafa nthawi zambiri pamene amatha kupatsa mkaka amachepa;
- Amuna amaloledwa kudya nyama mpaka zaka ziwiri;
- Mtundu wa nyama ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa mafuta akuposa 15%.
Onani mitundu iyi ya ng'ombe ndi mkaka: Caucasus brown, Sychevskaya, Schwyzka, Krasnogorbatovskaya.
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Ng'ombe za Simmental zilidi zonsezi: Zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri, koma zimapatsa mwiniwake nyama yabwino komanso mkaka wokoma.
Nyama zili ndi ubwino wambiri:
- nyama yochuluka kwambiri;
- apereke mkaka wambiri pa nyengo;
- chosavuta kusunga;
- kukana ndi zirombo ndi matenda;
- amadziwika bwino komanso mwachibadwa;
- akhala ndi chibadwa cha amayi;
- khalani wokwiya, wosasinthasintha.
Simmental Bull Pa zochepetsedwa, pali zochepa zing'onozing'ono:
- Pali zochitika zolakwika za miyendo yamphongo, chifukwa chake ng'ombe imayenda mofulumira kuposa ena;
- Chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu ndi msinkhu, msana wa nyama ukhoza kugwedezeka;
- mkaka waukulu wa mkaka umachepetsera kukolola kwa nyama, komanso mosiyana. Choncho, m'pofunika kusunga mkaka ndi ng'ombe zosiyana, kuti zisawonongeke.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Makhalidwe apadera a ng'ombe za mtundu uwu safunikira. Kuti mupereke chitetezo ndi kuteteza matenda, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta. Zili paliponse kwa zinyama zilizonse ndipo zidzakuthandizira kukwaniritsa bwino ntchito popanda khama.
Kuti tipeze malo abwino kwa ng'ombe, tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire momwe mungamangire nkhokwe, ndikukonzekera mpweya wabwino ndikupanga malo osungira nyama ndi manja anu.
Malo oyenda m'nyengo ya chilimwe
Malo oyenda chilimwe adakonzedwa kotero kuti nyengo yotentha ng'ombe ikhoza kutuluka, kupuma mpweya wabwino, kuyenda. Poyenda nyamayo ikhoza kugona usiku wonse. M'dera lomwe tatchulali nkofunika kumanga chiwembu ndi denga (okhetsedwa), lomwe lidzapanga mthunzi. Kusinthasintha kotereku n'kofunika kuti ng'ombe ikhale yopanda dzuwa ndipo imve bwino mu nyengo ya chilimwe. 
Kukonzekera kwa nkhokwe
Makhetsedwe, komwe nyama zidzathera miyoyo yawo yambiri, ayenera kukhala omasuka komanso okonzeka ndi chilichonse chofunikira. Wowonjezera ayenera kukhala wozama komanso makamaka chochotsedwera kuti chikhale chosavuta kuyeretsa. Monga mowa, mungagwiritse ntchito chikhochi. Nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse madzi azipezeka. Pansi pa malo omwe ng'ombe imakhalamo nthawizonse ikhale yowuma ndi yoyera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kuchokera ku udzu. Nthawi zina kuti asunge udzu wosakaniza ndi nthaka kapena peat, mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutayika maloto onyowa, ng ombe idzagwa pokhapokha itatha. Ndipo izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka wopangidwa ndi 10-15%.
Zinthu zosangalatsa
Simmentals ndi osamalidwa bwino kuti nyengo yachilimwe ikhale yabwino kuti ikhale usiku kumalo odyetserako ziweto kapena kuyenda. Kaŵirikaŵiri amalekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira, kotero amatha kukhala okondwa m'matope athu.
M'nyengo yozizira, chinyama chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi khola limene lidzakhala lopuma mpweya wabwino. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuteteza zojambulazo, mwinamwake ng'ombe sizidzamva bwino komanso zovuta. Kutentha kwa firiji kumatha kusiyana ndi +4 ° C mpaka + 20 ° C. 
M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukonzekera kuunikira kuti ng'ombe ikhale yotsatira tsiku ndi tsiku, kumvetsetsani kuti nthawi yodyetsa, kuyendetsa, ndi zina zotero idzabwera. Ndikofunika kuti kutalika kwa maola a tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kofanana, usiku muyenera kusiya kuwala. Zidzakhala bwino kwambiri kukhazikitsa nyali ziwiri pamatumba asanu.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombeyo inayamba kukhala yambiri pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zamoyo. Izi zinali chifukwa chakuti ng'ombe sizingatheke mwamsanga kuti athamange, adagwira chakudya, amameza ndikuyenda kupita kumalo otetezeka, kumene adadyako.
Kuyeretsa
Kuyeretsa malo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kusunga ng'ombe. Kuyeretsa bwino ndi koyenera kwa chipindachi kumachepetsa mwayi wa chinyama. Ndikofunika kuchita tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka kawiri pa tsiku, m'mawa ndi madzulo. Mwanjira imeneyi mukhoza kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kwa nyama, kuchuluka kwa fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera ku khola, komanso kutsimikiza kuti ng'ombe idzakhala yathanzi komanso mkaka uzikhala woyera.
Pamene mukudyetsa ndi chakudya chouma, monga udzu kapena oats, mungathe kuyika katsulo katsopano. Zakudya izi sizidzawonongeka ndipo sizidzavunda. Ngati mukufuna kupereka ng'ombe yophika yophika ndi madzi kapena masamba, ndiye kuti wodyetsa ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse komanso kuti azichapa nthawi yomweyo kuti asawonongeke. Ngati ng'ombe idya phala wowawasa, ikhoza kupha poizoni kapena imfa. 
Madzi akumwa akuyenera kusintha tsiku ndi tsiku. Madzi oyera ndifungulo labwino la nyama.
Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe ikasungidwa mu khola losasunthika, zizindikiro za mkaka zimachepa, chifukwa zimayambitsa mabakiteriya.
Zimene mungadye
Simmental safuna zakudya zofunikira, koma popeza zili zazikulu komanso zinyama zazikulu, amafunika kudya zakudya zabwino nthawi zonse. Ndibwino kuti mudyetse ng'ombe 3 pa tsiku. Kawirikawiri oats kapena udzu, nkhumba zophika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chakudya chosakaniza. Komanso, ng'ombe idzakhala yosangalala kwambiri ndi masamba, omwe ayenera kutsogolozedwa m'madzi.
Ndikofunika kuti uume udzu ku dzuwa kwa maola oposa atatu. Izi ndi zofunika kuti nyamayo idye chakudya komanso kuti zisamve ululu m'mimba. Ngati mwasankha kudyetsa ziweto ndi tirigu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'anira khalidwe lake: chakudya chiyenera kukhala chotheka kwambiri, kotero kuti palibe mankhwala omwe angasokoneze mimba ya mimba ndikupweteka kwambiri.
Kuyenda ng'ombe kupita ku msipu
Pamene mukuyenda msipu, nyama sizikusowa kudyetsa patsiku, ngakhale m'mawa ndi madzulo mukhoza kuika udzu kapena oats mu chakudya. Ng'ombe zimadya udzu watsopano m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, choncho zimatsalira komweko usiku.
Ndikofunika kudzaza odyetsa ndi chakudya chochuluka chotero kuti mutatha kudya nyamayo apobe pang'ono. Izi ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti ng ombe imakhala yodzala ndi njala, mwinamwake kuchuluka kwa mkaka kudzachepa kwambiri.
Werengani za momwe mungadyetse ng'ombe pa msipu.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama imalandira zakudya zocheperapo kusiyana ndi nyengo zina, kotero ndikofunikira kuchepetsa zakudya zinyama, kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi mchere. Kawirikawiri mugwiritse ntchito chakudya chowonjezera choonjezera ndi masamba ophika ophika, masamba. Ndikofunika kufufuza kuchuluka kwa kudya: ng'ombe zazikulu ziyenera kupatsidwa chakudya 2-3 pa tsiku.
Zovuta kubereka nyama zinyama
Nyama zimakula mpaka kukafika zaka 2.5. Nthawi yoyamba kumangotenga miyezi 31. Ng'ombe ikhoza kubweretsa ng'ombe yatsopano kamodzi pachaka ndi hafu. Mimba imatenga masiku 283. Pakubeleka kwa kubala, thandizo laumunthu silikufunikira 
Kuti muzindikire nthawi yoyenera kukwatira, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yoyaka nyama. Panthawiyi, kusintha kwina kumachitika m'makhalidwe a akazi:
- iye amakhala wachikondi kwambiri;
- zosangalatsa popanda chifukwa;
- amatenga phokoso kuti akwaniritse, amayesera kuchita khola pa ena;
- ntchito yowonjezereka;
- chifukwa palibe chifukwa choyendayenda mipanda;
- kuonongeka kwakukulu kwa njala.
Ndikofunikira! Chikhalidwe cha thupi chomwe chimasintha nthawi yozisaka chimawombedwa ndi labia ndi kutuluka kwa mucous kuchokera ku mimba.
Ng'ombe zimamva bwino nthawi yomwe ng'ombe ikukonzeka kukwatirana, ndipo imakhala yoipa kwambiri. Imeneyi ndi njira yachiwiri yosadziwiratu nthawi yothetsera mavuto.
Ng'ombeyo imabadwa ndilemera makilogalamu 50. Kuchokera maminiti oyambirira a moyo, chinyama chiyesa kuima, pambuyo pa maola angapo a moyo, chimapeza udder. Ng'ombe za Simmental zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chabwino cha amayi ndipo zimatha kudyetsa ana awo okha. 
Achinyamata a Simmental angathe kutenga makilogalamu 1.5 pa tsiku. Ngati mwasankha kutenga mwana kuchokera kwa mayi, muyenera kumusamutsa payekha. Pambuyo pa kubadwa, mwana wang'ombe amadyetsedwa kwa mwana wang'ombe, ali ndi zakudya zambiri, komanso ali ndi chitsimikizo cha thanzi la mwana wamtsogolo, kuthekera kwake kukana matenda ndi majeremusi. Patapita masiku atatu, maluwa amapezeka ngati mkaka wambiri, choncho mumayenera kupereka mwana wanu wamtundu waukulu. Zakudya zimasowa maola awiri alionse. Mutatha kudya chifuwa cha nyamayo ayenera kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera. Kuyambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la moyo, mukhoza kuphunzitsa mwana wanu kumwa zakumwa. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu, muyenera kuyamba kuwonjezera mkaka pang'ono ku mkaka, ndikuphunzitseni kudya udzu. Mu masabata atatu, amayamba kumudyetsa chakudya chokoma, monga utuchi wa masamba. Pofuna kupereka thupi kuti likhale ndi mchere wokwanira, m'pofunika kulipatsa chisakanizo cha mchere, choko, nyama ndi fupa.
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire mwana wang'ombe pakagula ndi zomwe muyenera kuziphatikiza pa zakudya za nyama zinyama.
Mu khola, mwana wang'ombe ayenera kukhala wouma ndi woyera. Mwanayo ayenera kuyeretsedwa ndi burashi, nutsuka zowononga kwambiri ndi madzi ndikupukuta ndi nsalu yoyera, youma.
Pakapita mwezi, chinyama chikhoza kumasulidwa pafupipafupi, nthawi iliyonse yowonjezera nthawi pamsewu. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuphunzitsa mwana wanu kuti adye msipu kumalo odyetserako ziweto. 
Simmentals ndi ng'ombe zonse. Pochita khama kwambiri, amatha kubweretsa nyama yabwino komanso mkaka wokoma kwambiri kwa wolandira. Kwa mlimi aliyense, ng'ombe za Berneni ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo zimakondedwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa.
