Walnut - amagawidwa kwambiri m'madera akumidzi. Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu komanso zathanzi. Pafupifupi mbali zonse za mtengo - masamba, mizu, makungwa - chifukwa cha mavitamini ndi minerals amachiza katundu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala achipembedzo, cosmetology. Mtedza wa mandnut ndi mandimu amapezeka pazipinda zosiyanasiyana kukhitchini. Mwatsoka, chomerachi sichikhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha mitundu yonse ya matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zipatso, zimawachititsa kukhala osayenera kumwa. Ngakhale mtedzawu umakhudzidwa ndi matenda mobwerezabwereza kuposa mitengo ina ya zipatso. Tidzakulangizani ku matenda ambiri a mtedza, tizilombo toopsa ndi njira zothetsera iwo.
Mukudziwa? Walnut amatchedwanso Volosh, Greek, royal, sometimes mahogany.
Njira zothana ndi matenda a mtedza
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe mtedza wa Volosh umadwala ndi:
zolakwika mu ulimi;- nthaka yolakwika;
- kusowa kwa kuwala;
- kutentha kwa nthaka;
- Kuyala kwapafupi kwa madzi pansi;
- kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.
zolakwika mu ulimi;Kuti muwone matenda a mtedza nthawi ndi kuyamba mankhwala, m'pofunika kuyesa mtengo nthawi zambiri kuti asinthe maonekedwe. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimawoneka ngati mawanga osiyanasiyana pambali ndi mphukira.
Ndipo pofuna kupewa matenda, ndikofunika kuchita kasupe zowononga kupopera mbewu mankhwala, zowonongeka kudulira, kuyeretsa kugwa masamba ndi zipatso. Muyenera kudziwa momwe mungaperekere mtedza m'chaka kuti muteteze matenda osiyanasiyana.
Bacteriosis
Othandiza zinthu kwa chitukuko cha bacteriosis pa walnuts kuwoneka ofunda ndi yonyowa pokonza masika nyengo. Matendawa amadziwoneka ngati mdima pa masamba, mphukira, zipatso, maluwa. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumatha kuwonetsa panthawi ya maluwa, kuwononga maluwa ambiri. Ngati bacteriosis imakula pambuyo maluwa, ndiye m'mitengo yotere nkhuni imakhala bulauni, ndipo mphukira zachinyamatayo zimafa. Zipatso zili ndi mdima.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kupewa bacteriosis, mtedza ayenera kukonzedwa mu April pamaso maluwa ndi 3% Bordeaux osakaniza. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika masabata awiri mutatha maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupeze chithandizo chachikulu mu mankhwala a Bordeaux, chithandizo cha 0.3% cha urea chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
Bakiteriya amatenthe
Chimodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri a mtedza ndi kutentha kwa bakiteriya. Zimakhudza masamba, maluwa, mphukira ndi zipatso. Ndi matendawa chifukwa chake masamba a mtedza amatembenuka wakuda. Poyamba amadzaza ndi madontho a madzi, kenaka amatembenuka wakuda, komabe ngakhale atangofa, sagwera pamtengo, koma amakhala pa nthambi kwa nthawi yaitali. Mapesi a Walnut ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Akuwombera amauma, masamba amafa. Mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chomeracho zimatulutsa madzi.
Mabakiteriya akutenthezanso kukhala chifukwa chake mumdima wakuda pamtengo. Choyamba, mawanga wakuda amawoneka pa chipatsocho, ndipo phokoso lonse lakhala lopaka lakuda ndipo limakhala losafunikira kudya.
Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bakiteriya aziwotcha pa mtedza zimakhala zozizira kwambiri. Wothandizira matendawa akufalitsidwa ndi tizilombo ndi mphepo.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ngati zizindikiro za bakiteriya zimatenthedwa, chithandizo cha mkuwa ndi zolemba (Bordeaux fluid, Zinebom, HOM, etc.) zidzafunikanso. Mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa za mtengo ziyenera kuwonongedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chithandizo cha mtedza ku matenda chiyenera kuchitika m'nyengo youma, nyengo yamtendere ndi mwambo wodzisunga wa chitetezo chaumwini. Maso ayenera kutetezedwa ndi magalasi, manja ndi magolovesi, mphuno ndi pakamwa ndi maski.
Brown spotting (marsonioz)
Mbalame yakuda imafalikira pa zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba a mtengo. Zizindikiro zoyamba ndi malo ozungulira a mtundu wosafiira wofiira pamasamba. Masambawa amauma mofulumira ndi kugwa msanga. Matendawa ndi owopsa pa nthawi ya maluwa, chifukwa akhoza kuwononga maluwa okwana 90%. Choncho, zokolola zimataya kwambiri.
Thandizani kuti chitukuko cha nyengo yowonongeka ndi mvula yambiri.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kupewa malo a bulauni, mtedza ayenera kuchitidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza musanayambe kuyenda. Kukonzanso kachiwiri kumachitika mu gawo la maonekedwe a masamba, lachitatu - masabata awiri pambuyo pake. Masamba ndi mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa ndi kuyaka.
Khansa ya mizu
Khansa ya mizu imakhudza mizu ya zomera, ndipo imalowa mkati mwa ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka. 
Chifukwa cha matendawa, kukula kumapangidwa pa mizu. Ngati zowonongeka kwambiri, mtengo ukhoza kukula ndikuleka kubala zipatso.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ngati matendawa apezeka, kukula kwa mizu kuyenera kuchotsedwa, ndiye kuti rhizome iyenera kuchitidwa ndi 1% yothetsera soda. Pambuyo pokonza, mizu iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zikukula, mtengo wa mtedza ukhoza kubala zipatso 10 mpaka 300 za zipatso pa nyengo.
Dongosolo la Tizilombo Toononga
Njira zazikulu zothana ndi tizirombo ta mtedza zidzakhala zoyendera nthawi zonse zowonongeka kwa mbozi - posakhalitsa kukhazikika kwawo kukuzindikiridwa, mofulumira komanso mosavuta mukhoza kuwachotsa. Muyeneranso kudula nthawi ndi kuwotcha nthambi zomwe zowonongeka kuti mupewe kufala kwa tizirombo pamtengo wonse.
Gogufegu woyera wa ku America
Mbozi za American butterfly zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa mtedza, chifukwa zimatulutsa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu pa nyengo iliyonse. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, kulimbana nawo n'kovuta kwambiri.
Mbadwo woyamba umapita ku nsomba zoipa mu July - August, wachiwiri - mu August - September. Ndipo wachitatu amadya masamba mu September - October. Choncho, kuwukira kwa tizirombozi kumatha kuwononga pafupifupi masamba onse pamtengo.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Mbozi za American butterfly zimatha kumenyedwa ndi njira zamagetsi, kuziwona ndi kuwotcha zisa zawo. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo kuti musamapeze masamba, koma kuti muwagwire pamtengo, ndikuwotcha ndi kuwotcha. Pakapita nthawi, makonzedwe a microbiological amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocid, Dendrobatsillin kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Pakapopera mtedza, m'pofunikira kusunga mlingo womwe umatchulidwa m'mawu okonzekera. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira pamtengo kudzakhala 3-5 malita.
Sapwood
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati mtedza, sitingapezeke pachilonda choyamba, chifukwa chimakhala pansi pa makungwa. Mbadwo woyamba wa kafadala ukuwoneka mu Meyi, wachiwiri - mu August. Pang'onopang'ono mbozi imadula makungwa, ndipo kupezeka kwawo kumawoneka pamphepete mwazitali, zomwe ziri pafupi ndi masamba ndi maziko a petioles. Pafupi ndi mtengo ukuyamba kudula
Monga lamulo, amwenye amatha kukhazikitsa zomera zofooka.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kupewa, m'pofunika kuti pakhale nthawi yowonongeka ya mtedza, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa nthambi, zofooka, zofooka. Ngati kachilombo kamenyedwa, mtengowu uyenera kupopedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mukudziwa? Zakudya za vitamini C mu mtedza ndi pafupifupi 50 kuchuluka kuposa kuchuluka kwake mu zipatso za citrus ndipo nthawi zisanu ndi zitatu zapamwamba kuposa currants.
Nut wart mite
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi kukula kwazing'ono, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa chomera ndi kwakukulu. Choncho, mtedza wa mtedza umakhala waukulu mpaka 1 mm, ndipo ukhoza kuwononga masamba omwe ali kale pamapangidwe awo. Zizindikiro zomwe nkhukuyi imakhazikika pa nati ndizo "zipolopolo" zazing'ono zakuda pamasamba.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ngati zizindikiro za chilonda ndi wart mite zimapezeka, mtengowo uyenera kuchitidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa acaricide womwe umaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtedza.
Nthi njenjete
Njenjete ya walnuts ndi yovuta kuizindikira, chifukwa imakhala ndi mtundu wotetezera ndipo imasiyanitsa ndi makungwa pamene mapiko atsekedwa. Mbozi zake zimawononga masamba pogwiritsa ntchito mnofu.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kuchotsa njenjete ya mtedza, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe amachitidwa kuti apangidwe ndi zipatso zofanana.
Moth
Njenjete ya nkhono imayambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa mtedza wa mtedza. Mbadwo woyamba wa ziphuphu zake zimawononga nuclei, chifukwa cha zomwe zimagwa pamtengo. Mwana wamwamuna wachiwiri amalowetsa mkati mwa chipatso ndikudyetsa zinyama. Mbozi imodzi ingawononge mtedza wambiri.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuchokera kumagetsi njira yogwiritsira ntchito njenjete ya mtedza imagwiritsa ntchito misampha ya pheromone. Zimapangidwa kuyambira May mpaka September. Zinthu zokopa, zomwe zilipo, zokonda amuna, chifukwa cha zomwe zingawonongedwe ndipo, motero, amachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha ana.
Zipatso zoyipa ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa mtengo nthawi ndi kuwonongeka. Ndi matenda amphamvu, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa granulosis mu mbozi.
Mukudziwa? Chikho cha kotala la maso oyera omwe ali oyera amakhala ndi mlingo wa omega-3, umene umathandiza ubongo ndi ntchito ya mtima.
Aphid
Aphid imakhala pa masamba ndi masamba a mtengo wa mtedza. Nthawi zambiri amakhala kumunsi kwa mapepala. Amamwa madzi awo. Ndicho chifukwa masamba a mtedza owuma. Chifukwa chake, mtengo umafooketsa. Masamba mwamsanga kupiringa ndi kugwa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ngati kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumakhala kovuta, kumwa mankhwala ndi kukonzekera "Decis" ndi "Karate" akulimbikitsidwa. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka pachigawo choyamba cha chilondacho, ndiye kuti mungayese kugwiritsa ntchito decoctions ndi infusions ya zomera zowonongeka ndi tizilombo. Komanso zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala opatsirana.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo sungakhoze kupopedwa pa nthawi ya maluwa, chifukwa mankhwalawa amachititsa imfa ya njuchi.Walnut ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, koma teknoloji yake yolakwika yachitukuko nthawi zambiri imayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toononga. Ndipo izo, zowonjezera, zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu, kufooketsa kwa mtengo, kuchepetsa kukula kwake ngakhale imfa. Pofuna kupewa izi, musasiye chomera kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kuyang'anitsitsa, komanso kuti mukule bwino malinga ndi malangizowo ndikuchititseni njira zothandizira. Pokhapokha ngati zikhoza kukhala wathanzi komanso fruited mtedza kukula.
