Chomera chofanana ndi mphesa chikukula kwambiri ndi wamaluwa.
Mphesa ndi nyumba yosungiramo zowonongeka ndi mavitamini, zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa osati kudyetsedwa kokha, komanso kupanga zinthu zina zochokera kwa iwo.
Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yatsopano yamphesa, ndiye kuti Sphinx idzatulutsa mpesa wanu. Tsopano mawu ochepa ponena za zosiyanasiyana, komanso momwe angasamalirire.
Mphesa ya Sphynx ndi mphesa ya tebulo yomwe imapezeka poyerekeza mitundu ya Strasensky ndi Timur ndi wofalitsa V. Zagorulno. Zimasiyanitsa izo imakula mwamsanga (kwa masiku 100 - 105). Madzu ndi amphamvu, masamba ndi aakulu ndi mitsempha pakati.
Mphukira imakula mwangwiro, maluwa ndi abambo. Magulu a mawonekedwe a cylindrical, aakulu, ammunsi amafikira 1 - 1.5 makilogalamu. Zipatsozi zimakhala zozungulira, zakuda buluu, zazikulu, 30 x 28 mm kukula, kulemera kwa 10 g. Zamkati zimakhala zowutsa mudyo, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri komanso zonunkhira. Kukonzekera ndi kokwera.
Ngati zowonongeka ndi mildew ndi oidium, siziri zambiri. Zitsamba "Sphinx" zimayima kutentha mpaka -23 ° C. Ngakhale kuti masangowa alibe maulendo okongola, izi sizilepheretsa anthu osiyanasiyana kuti azikhala otchuka pakati pa ogulitsa vinyo.
Maluso:
- kukoma kwakukulu
- kucha kucha
- zokolola zazikulu
- mkulu chisanu kukana
Kuipa:
- yoonongeka pang'ono ndi mildew ndi oidium
- maonekedwe a magulu
Mbali za kubzala mitundu
Mitundu yamitengo ngati "Sphinx" ikhoza chomera mu masika ndi autumn.
Ngati mwasankha kubzala mbande m'chaka, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitika kuyambira April mpaka pakati pa May, ndipo ngati kugwa, ndiye kuti mu October.
Pansi pa sapling mumayenera kukumba dzenje 80x80x80 masentimita. Mzere wothira nthaka umakhala pansi pa masentimita 10 mpaka 15, womwe uyenera kusungidwa pamene ukumba mabowo. Kufuna dziko lapansi onjezerani 7 - 8 zidebe za humus, 300 g wa superphosphate ndi 300 g wa potashi feteleza. Zonsezi ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndi kusindikizidwa. Chotsatira chake, payenera kukhala dzenje pafupi 50 cm chakuya.
Sapling ayenera kukhala okonzekera kubzala. Kuchita izi, ziyenera kuikidwa pa tsiku - ziwiri m'madzi. Mukatha kutuluka, muyenera kuchotsa chaka chilichonse kuthawa, koma izi zikhalebe zokwanira 2 - 3. Mizu iyenera kufupikitsidwa pang'ono, ndiko kuti, kutsitsimula.
Pakatikatikati mwa fossa 50 cm chakuya, muyenera kupanga kamtengo kakang'ono ndikuyika sapling pa izo. Mizu iyenera kukhala yogawidwa mofanana pamtengowo.
Kenaka, uyenera kudzaza nthaka yachonde mu dzenje kuti dzenje likhalebe masentimita 10 pansi pafupi ndi mmera. Dothi lophimbidwa liyenera kukhala lopangidwa pang'ono. Mukangobzala mu dzenje muyenera kutsanulira madzi ndi chiwerengero cha ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu pa sapling.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za autumn mphesa inoculation.
Kusamalira Sphinx molondola
- Kuthirira
Mphesa - kwambiri chinyezi-chomera chomera, kotero ndikofunikira kuthirira tchire m'nthaŵi yokwanira, koma osati madzi ambiri. Mutangoyamba kubzala, muyenera kuthirira madzi onsewa ndi zitsamba 2 - 3. Kenaka, muyenera kudzaza kusowa kwa chinyezi kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Mungathe kuthirira tchire kudutsa muzitsulo zamakono kapena m'mabowo apadera kuzungulira phata la chitsamba. Ndikofunika kupanga mabowo omwe ali pamtunda (masentimita 0.4-0.5m) ndi kuya kwa masentimita 15-20. Zaka 3 mpaka 4 za madzi ziyenera kuchoka ku chitsamba chimodzi. Pambuyo yozizira, nthaka ikhale yodzaza ndi chinyezi, kotero kumayambiriro kwa masika muyenera madzi onse tchire. Ngati nyengo yozizira inali yonyowa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Mtengo wa ulimi wothirira ayenera kukhala 50 - 70 malita a madzi pa 1 sq. M.
Muyeneranso kuthirira mphesa musanayambe maluwa, ndipo masiku 15-20. Mvula yoyamba yozizira imakhala ikuchitika pambuyo pa masango. Panthawiyi, tchire makamaka timafunikira madzi, kotero 1 sq.m. ayenera kusiya pafupifupi 60 malita a madzi. Kuthira kwa madzi kuthirira usanafike nyengo yozizira iyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa masamba. Pankhaniyi, pa 1 sq.m. 50 - 60 malita a madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, malingana ndi momwe nthaka ikuyendera ndi nyengo.
- Mulching
Kuti mulch nthaka ikusowa nthawi zonsekusunga chinyezi m'nthaka yaitali. Zida zogwiritsira ntchito mulching ziyenera kuikidwa pa chingwe kuti pasakhale kukhudza.
Choyamba, njirayi iyenera kuchitika mwamsanga mutabzala, kuti mbeuyo ikhale yotetezedwa. Komanso zimakhala zofunika. Pamene mukufunikira zakuthupi mungagwiritse ntchito udzu, peat, humus, masamba akale, udzu. Tsopano pali zipangizo zambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu izi. Komanso yoyenera polyethylene.
- Pogona
Kukonzekera mphesa m'nyengo yozizira ndi cholinga choteteza ndi kusunga tchire. Pogona ayenera kupangidwa asanayambe kuzizira nyengo, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Chizindikiro chapadera cha malo ogona chikutsitsa masamba. Zitsamba ziyenera kumangirira, kuyala Pamwamba pamabedi, monga matabwa a matabwa, mosamala kusunga mipesa pansi.
Komanso, pamwamba pa mndandanda wonse wa mphesa, mphete yowonjezereka yaikala, yomwe filimu ya pulasitiki imatambasulidwa ndi limodzi kapena magawo awiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mfundozi zisakhudze mphukira, kuti pasakhale zotentha. Pa mbali ya filimuyo muyenera kutsanulira pansi kapena kuikonza m'njira ina kuti iwonongeke ndi mphepo.
Pakati pa thaw, mapeto a filimuyo ayenera kutsegulidwa kuti mphukira "ipume". Mukhozanso kuphimba tchire ndi dziko lapansi. Zosowa zomwezo gonani pansi, kuphimba ndi dziko lapansi, kenako ndi chisanu.
- Kudulira
Dulani tchire tiyenera kugwa, pamene zomera zikukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Ndikoyenera kuchoka "manja" 4 omwe adzabala chipatso. Muyenera kusiya maso osachepera 4 mpaka 6 pa mphukira. Pamene mukudulira tchire tating'onoting'ono, muyenera kuyamba kuyesa mpesa wokhwima, ndipo m'zaka zotsatirazi, mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kufupikitsidwa.
- Feteleza
Mphesa makamaka amafunikira feteleza wowonjezerapo kuti tchire ibale chipatso nthawi ndi nthawi. Pa nyengo yokula, feteleza imachitika katatu katatu ndi masabata atatu kapena 4. Sikoyenera kumera mbande zazing'ono, chifukwa chisakanizo cha nthaka yachonde ndi feteleza chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamunsi mwa dzenje.
Mphesa amafunika nayitrogeni feteleza kuonjezera kukula kwa tchire. Mavitrogeni amayamba ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Maluwa asanaphuke, muyenera kupanga salt ya zinc ndi potaziyamu, komanso superphosphate. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuonjezera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Musanayambe nyengo yozizira, muyenera kupanga superphosphate ndi potaziyamu, kuti mu nyengo yozizira mizu ili ndi chakudya china. Manyowa amapangidwa m'katikati mwa chitsamba. Kuphatikiza pa mineral feteleza, mphesa amafunika ndi kuvala kwabwino mu mawonekedwe a 10 - 15 makilogalamu a kompositi, humus pa chitsamba chimodzi cha mphesa. Kudyetsa kumeneku kwachitika zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu.
- Chitetezo
Sphinx imayamba ndi mildew ndi oidium; choncho, sikofunika kokha ngati chithandizo, komanso ngati chopewa spray baka phosphorous fungicides.
Mankhwala ochititsa khungu a mildew ndi oidium ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa. Ngati pali madontho achikasu kapena fumbi lakuda pamasamba, mphesa zili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo zowonongeka zimayenera kutengedwa mwamsanga. Muyenera kutsanulira mipesa yoyamba maluwa musanayambe maluwa.
