Pazimenezo, amuna okhaokha omwe ali m'chilimwe samapita kuti akalandire mbewu zamasamba zochuluka kwambiri. Pali njira zambiri zowonjezera mbande kunyumba kuti cholinga chawo chifike kumalo osatha a kukula, koma posakhalitsa anayamba kulankhula za wina: mbande zomwe zimakula. Kodi njirayi ndi yothandiza bwanji chisankho chomwecho - tidzatha kumvetsa nkhaniyi.
Mbande m'maseŵera
Posakhalitsa, ndibwino kuti musungitse malowa kuti musakhale ndi funso laling'ono la calico kapena la flannelette lachinyamata, ngakhale kuti njira zomwe zomera zimayikidwa zikufanana ndi kukulunga kwa mwana. Dziko likufuna kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene zakuthupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphimba wowonjezera kutentha kapena zimangobzala pamalo amtundu.
Nthaŵi zina, mmalo mwa jekeseni wa tomato kapena nkhaka yomweyo gwiritsani ntchito zida zowonongeka, kukula kwa masentimita 20x30, komabe, sizingatheke kuti mutsimikizidwe kuti mbeuyo ikhale yabwino. Ganizirani za ubwino ndi kupweteka kwa chisankho chotero. 
Tiyeni tiyankhule za ubwino
Inde, posankha njira imodzi yolima zomera, aliyense wokhala m'nyengo yozizira adzakondwera ndi madalitso omwe adzalandira chifukwa cha chisankho chotero, kotero poyambira tidzakambirana njira zoyenera. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- kusungirako kwakukulu mu danga ngakhale pa siteji ya mbeu;
- kupulumutsa gawo lapansi la zakudya;
- Kukhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito filimuyi mosiyanasiyana (imatha kukula mbande chaka chilichonse, kenako imatsuka, yowuma ndikuchoka mpaka nyengo yotsatira);
- kutsekemera kwa mbande kuchokera ku matenda otheka opatsirana kudzera mu nthaka (mwachitsanzo, mwendo wakuda wakuda);
- Kutsekemera kwa kumera mbewu kumera, komwe kuli kofunikira makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito chodzala chaka cha chaka;
- chosavuta chonyamula zomera zazing'ono;
- kuthekera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira ngati kugwa, pamene ukalamba ndi njira za chikhalidwe, chinachake chinalakwika.
Ndikofunikira! Muzitsulo, mungayesetse kumera ngakhale mbewu zakale kwambiri, popeza zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale zitagwira ntchito, ndiye kuti sizowopsya, chifukwa simungayambe kutayika.
Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse?
Kulankhula za zoyenera za anyesi oyamwitsa, sikungakhale bwino kuti tisakambirane zolephera zawo. Choyamba, m'pofunika kulingalira mitu yotsatirayi:
- Mukakula motere, zomera sichilandira kuwala kofunikira, chifukwa chotsatira m'mbuyo mwa chitukuko kuchokera ku mbande zomwe zinabzalidwa m'makapu ndikuyika pazenera zowonekera;
- ndi kukula bwino kwa zimayambira, mizu ikukula mofooka;
- Sikuti zomera zonse zidzatha kukhala "malaya" kwa nthawi yayitali, zina mwa izo ziyenera kuikidwa m'magawo amodzi mutangoyamba kumera.
Njira zosangalatsa zowonjezera zomera pa hydrogel, hydroponics, mabedi a mapiramidi, mabedi ozungulira, mu ndowa,
Njira zokula
Pali njira zitatu zomwe mungathe kubzala mbeu mu filimu "malaya", koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri pazigawo zonsezi ndi filimu yofanana ya pulasitiki. 
Mukhoza kuigula ku sitolo ya hardware kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zovala za chaka chatha kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo nthawi zina mungapeze phukusi labwino kwambiri. Zina zonsezi zokhudzana ndi kuyendetsa zoterezi zidzakambidwanso.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi mbewu za zipatso zomwe zimakula pamtengo wamtengo wapamwamba wamtengo wapatali wotchedwa lodoitsey. Mtengo unapezedwa ndi Azungu mu 1742 ndipo panali nthawi yomwe iwo anapeza kuti zipatso zake, pafupifupi, zimalemera pafupifupi 12-16 makilogalamu.
Ndi mbewu zowera
Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito njirayi, zikutanthauza kuti mukufunikira mbeu ya tomato, nkhaka, tsabola, kabichi, eggplant kapena masamba ena onse, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mafayilo, filimu, beseni kapena bokosi lalikulu.
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri kwa mbeu yomwe mukukula iyeneranso kukhala ndi malo osakanikirana. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa chokhala ndi zolemba zomwe zimayikidwa mufilimu, ndiyeneranso kukonzekera chikhomo ndi pepala kapena pepala la mankhwala.
Njira yamakono yobzala mbewu zowonongeka, pambali iyi, ikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi: 
- Kukonzekera ndi kumera mbewu zomwe zasankhidwa kuti zikhale ndi chikhalidwe;
- timadula filimuyi m'njira yoti zidutswazo zifanane ndi kukula kwa pepala la tetrad;
- Mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya ya polyethylene filimu, kufalitsa pa supuni ya pang'ono wothira, anakonzeratu pasadakhale gawo lapansi;
- pamwamba pa malo pomwe mphukirayo, ndipo kuti masamba ake amachoka pamtunda kupitirira mbali ya pamwamba;
- Pamwamba ife timaphimba mphukira ndi supuni ya nthaka yothira;
- timagwadira pansi pa filimuyi ndikuyika zinthuzo mu bwalo, kuti zotsatira zake ndi mpukutu wopotoka;
- timakonza chubu chathu ndi bandolo (zotayika ndizofunikira);
- timayika mbande m'makonzedwe okonzeka, mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, oyamba kuganizira tomato ndi kuthekera kwa kulima kwawo mwachangu anali Incas ndi Aaztec, omwe, popanda "chidole", adalima bwino zomera m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC.
Popanda dothi
Zomera zosiyanazi zikukula mwina ndizochuma kwambiri pa zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuphatikizapo mbewu za tomato, nkhaka kapena mbewu zina zomwe sizikusowa kuyamba kumera, ndi filimu, mapepala a chimbudzi ndi zida zing'onozing'ono monga makapu a pulasitiki, zikopa za mabotolo kapena zitini.
Zoona, chingamu chothandizira chingathandizenso (nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ndalama pamodzi), kukula kokondweretsa, mfuti yamatsitsi, ndi chizindikiro chokhala ndi chithunzi chosonyeza mitundu yobzala. Pachifukwa ichi, pawindo laling'ono, perekani mbande zambiri zingagwirizane.
Njira yamakono yobzala mbande m'mabwinja popanda kugwiritsa ntchito dothi imapereka ntchito zotsatirazi: 
- filimuyi imadulidwa n'kukhala ndi masentimita 10;
- Mapepala ophimba matabwa amaikidwa pamwamba pa chidutswa chilichonse ndipo amathiridwa pang'ono ndi botolo lopopera, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi wamba kapena osakaniza chomera chomera chomera;
- mentimenti imodzi ayenera kuchotsedwa pamphepete mwa pamwamba ndi kufalitsa mbewu mu 2-4 masentimita increments kwa phwetekere (chifukwa cha mbewu zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, mbewu za nkhaka, kuwonjezeka);
- Pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha mbewu ndi wina wosanjikiza wa pepala lakumbudzi, ndipo pamwamba pa iyo imayika chidutswa cha diaper;
- chipangizo chonsecho chimapangidwira mu mpukutu ndipo chimakhala ndi zotanuka, koma osati mwamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu zimasowa malo okwanira;
- Muzakonzedwe chokonzekera nkofunika kutsanulira madzi, ndipo kotero kuti chikhomo cha 1-2 masentimita chikwanira kumiza, chifukwa kukwera, madzi amayamba kuyamwitsa mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Gwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa polyethylene sikuti amangolenga zikwama zabwino za masiku ano, komanso ndizofunikira kusamba zovala zapamwamba. Zisonyezero zoterezi ndizokhazikitsidwa m'ndondomeko ya mawonetsero apadera, kuyesera kukopa anthu kuti azisunga zachilengedwe. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kukhulupirira kuti zovala zomwe mumakonda zimapangidwa ndi matumba apulasitiki.
Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito
Njira imeneyi yobzala mbande m'njira zambiri ikufanana ndi njira yapitayi, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi kuti filimu imasiyidwa mpaka kutumizidwa kwa mbewu zomwe zikukula kumalo osatha a kukula kwawo. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito gawo laling'ono, ndipo sikofunika kuyembekezera mphukira mu mpukutu wa kanema, chifukwa mbande za mbande zingathe kuzikidwa pa mafilimu atatha.
Pachifukwa ichi, kupasuka kwa mbande mu chikhomo kumachitika molingana ndi zochitika izi:
- mzere womwewo wa masentimita khumi utali wotalika umachotsedwa pa filimuyi, monga muwonongosoledwe koyambirira;
- gawo lapansi likupopedwa ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo lazitsulo ndipo, ngati likukhumba, liyikidwa pamwamba pa pepala la chimbuzi, zomwe, komabe, siziyenera kuchitidwa;
- Mbeu kapena kumera mbande zimabzalidwa m'nthaka, kumamatira pamtunda wa 4-5 cm;
- Kuchokera kumwamba, kubzala kumakhala ndi nthaka yochepa yosakaniza ndi yothira;
- Monga chingwe chotsatira, pepala lakumbuzi limagwiritsidwanso ntchito, lomwe liri ndi mafilimu pamwamba;
- Msuziwu umasungidwa mosamalitsa mu mpukutu, ndipo ikani zonse "zitsulo" pa poto yokonzedweratu.
Pachifukwa ichi, omwe adzalima zomera adzalandira malo ochepa kusiyana ndi kalembedwe (kukhalapo kwa nthaka kumawonjezera makulidwe a mipukutu), koma pansi poyambirira. M'madera otere, mbande zidzatha kuyembekezera kubzala kumunda wamunda kapena ku wowonjezera kutentha, pokhapokha ngati kutuluka kofulumira kudzakhala kofunikira kuwonjezera kuwateteza ndi chivundikiro cha filimu kuyambira kotheka kasupe chisanu.Kusamalira bwino mbande zachitsulo
Kubzala bwino kwa mbewu ndi njira yochezera ndi njira yoyamba yopeza mbewu yochuluka komanso yapamwamba. Ntchito yotsatirayi idzakhala yopanga chisamaliro choyenera cha mbande, zomwe zimapereka chakudya, kuthirira, kuunikira kokwanira ndi kuchotsa kosatha kwa condensate yomwe ikupezeka pa filimuyi.
Kawirikawiri (kangapo pa sabata) kuyambitsidwa kwa zakudya zamtundu wochokera ku humic acid kumafuna kuthetsa kusowa kwa dothi, koma pokhapokha pakufunika kumera mbande zatsopano zomwe zatuluka, njira yothetsera imayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi theka.
Komanso, musamatsanulire zomera ndi madzi, chifukwa mafilimuwo amasungira chinyezi bwino, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri madziwa amachepetsedwa. Izi ndizofunika makamaka m'minda, kuphatikizapo pamwamba pa filimuyi. Ngati condensate imamangapo, iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse.
Kuonjezerapo, zikutheka kuti ngati mulibe kuyatsa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a masana, nthawi zina kutembenuzira nyali pa zomera.
Mbande zopezeka mwa kukula mu momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, kungouluka. Muyenera kungotenga mtolo ndipo mutaganizira momwe mizu ilili, sungani masentimita 2-3 mmwamba, kenako mudule pansi ndi mpeni. N'zoona kuti filimuyi idzavutika, koma mapeto ofulumira ndi ofunika kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mosamala zomera zazing'ono, amakhalanso mosungiramo zinthu zosiyana kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kuchokera ku tchire kupita ku nthaka
Zilibe kanthu kuti mungapeze bwanji njira yothetsera mbande kuchokera ku filimu kupita kuzinyalala, ndi bwino kusamutsa mbande zomwe zikukula nthawi yomweyo. Ngati pali wowonjezera kutentha pa dacha, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso mavuto ndi kutuluka koyambirira komanso kuzizira kozizira, koma ngati mubzala zomera mwachindunji, ndiye kuti mabedi ayenera kuwonjezera kutetezedwa ku chimfine.
Njira yabwino yothetsera nthenga ya mbalame pansi pazitsulo (mukhoza kudula miyendo yakale), mapepala, utuchi kapena udzu. Amawotcha mbande zopanda mphamvu kuchokera pansipa, pamene akuopsezedwa ndi chimfine chozizira kwambiri, ali ndi mapepala apulasitiki kapena mapulasitiki pamwamba. 
Pamene mukukula nkhaka, nthawi zina zimaphimbidwa ndi matumba.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kumera mbande, zimateteza malo, nthaka ndi nthawi yanu, ndipo akatswiri ena amawatcha iwo njira yabwino yothetsera anthu aulesi ndi azachuma. Tiyerekeze kuti pazigawo zoyambirira za kulima mbewu zotere zikuwoneka zofooka kusiyana ndi zomwe zimakula mu miphika kapena mabokosi, koma ngati mukutsatira zofunikira zonse za chisamaliro, sizibweretsa zokolola zochepa.
Tomato ndi nkhaka kuchokera kuzinyalala: zizindikiro za kukula
Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono zofanana za kukula kwa mbewu zosiyana, zofunikila kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi zina mwa iwo zikhoza kukhala zosiyana zawo. N'zosavuta kutsimikizira izi mwa kuganizira maonekedwe a tomato ndi nkhaka.
Pachiyambi choyamba, chifukwa chokula mu malo okhalamo, mbewu zokha za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi hybrids zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuzifesa pakati kapena pafupi mapeto a March. Musasiye mbande kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yabwino kwa iwo mu tomato ndi masiku 45. Njira iyi ya kulima sikuli yoyenera ngati wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe akufuna kutenga zokolola kuchokera ku zinyama zosakwanira, chifukwa mapangidwe apamwamba a maburashi amasokonezeka mu filimuyo.
Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wosakanizidwa wa chimphepo F1 uli ndi kukhalapo kwa burashi yosalala yomwe zipatso zimakonzedwa mwabwino, ndipo ngati mukuyesera kulima chomera m'mapiritsi, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi waukulu kuti muthe kukamba za chiyambi cha nthambi yake kukhala ziwiri kapena zitatu. Zoona, ngakhale panopa, ambiri a chilimwe amatha kupeza zokolola zabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Pakubereka, kunyamula ndikunyamula mbande za phwetekere, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusinthika kwadzidzidzi kumasokoneza kwambiri zomera, kotero, musanachite izi, muwachitire mankhwala othandizira azimayi monga "Garden Garden". Adzatha kuchepetsa zotsatira zake zoipa.Ngati tikuyankhula za kukula nkhaka pa chiwembu, tiyenera kukumbukira kufunikira koyambirira kumera mbewu. Pochita izi, kubzala zimangowonjezera papepala la pulasitiki ndi zigawo zingapo za pepala la chimbudzi lomwe lili pansi, lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo mbewu zidzakhala ndi mphukira zoyamba.
Musanalowetse mbewu ya nkhaka mwachindunji pansi, mungathe kutsanulira madzi pamwamba pake, kenaka muyike mu gawo lokonzekera, ndikuyiyika ndi supuni ndikuyesera kuti mizu ikhale yosasunthika. M'nthaka, kupweteka pang'ono kumapangidwa ndi ndodo kapena kungokhala ndi chala, kenako mbewu imathiridwa mmenemo (imodzi pa dzenje lililonse).
Kawirikawiri, kubzala kwa nkhaka, sikwashi kapena maungu, kumachitika pakatikati pa mwezi wa April, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri podziwa nthawi yeniyeni zimadalira dera lomwe mukukhalamo. Ngati muli pakati, mumayika chidebe ndi mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye mphukira zoyamba zikhoza kuyembekezedwa masiku asanu ndi atatu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti nthaka isatuluke m'zitsulo zosankhidwa, mukhoza kuyika zowononga pansi pa bokosi kapena beseni.Lero pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti mbeu ikukula bwino, ndikutsatira mosamala zofunikira zonse za kubzala ndi kusamalira mbeu zosiyanasiyana, mutenga zomera zabwino komanso zamphamvu zomwe zingabweretse mbewu zabwino kwambiri.
