Anthu ambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe, akaona zithunzi zochititsa chidwi za lilac, amatha kukhala ndi tchire tating'ono tomwe timakonda ku malo amenewa.
Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yanji ya malala, momwe zimakhalira komanso momwe zimakulira, nthawi ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa, zimakhala zosamalidwa zotani, zomwe ziri pansipa.
Kufotokozera ndi zosiyana
Amaluwa amaluwa nthawi zambiri amadabwa: lilac ndi mtengo kapena shrub. Lili ndi yankho lolondola - lilac ndi deciduous shrub ndi mitengo ikuluikulu, yomwe imakula kuchokera mamita 2 mpaka 8 mu msinkhu ndi thunthu makulidwe a masentimita 20, ambiri amaona kuti ndi mtengo. 
Masamba a Lilac amatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo amakhala obiriwira mpaka autumn. Maonekedwe, masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi mazira ovunda, ovate, mawonekedwe a mtima ndi pamwamba pa kuwala kapena mdima wobiriwira.
Werengani za zinthu zopindulitsa ndi zovulaza za lilac.Pamene maluwa amatha kugwidwa ndi mantha, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kufika 20 cm Mtundu wa inflorescences ukhoza kukhala woyera, buluu, lilac, wofiirira, wofiirira, pinki. Maluwawo ndi aang'ono a petal calyx, okhala ndi nimbus, ziwiri zam'mimba ndi zong'amba, zidutswa zigawo zinayi.
Icho chimawerengera za Mitundu 30 ya lilac, zomwe zimakula m'makomo, m'minda, m'mapaki ndi kunja.
Oyenera kwambiri kukula mu dziko ndi lilac wamba, yomwe idalidwa kuyambira 1583 ndipo lero ikuimiridwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- "Red Moscow" - ali ndi masamba ofiira ofiirira ndipo akufalikira maluwa onunkhira a mthunzi wofiira wamdima, pafupifupi masentimita awiri mu kukula;
- "Violet" - Kubzala kuchokera mu 1916 monga zosiyana ndi masamba a mdima wofiira wamdima wobiriwira ndi maluwa awiri ofiira awiri kapena awiri ozungulira, mpaka 3 cm kukula;
- Primrose - lilac, yomwe ili ndi maluwa okongola a chikasu ndi masamba a chikasu;
- "Wokongola" - imakula ngati mawonekedwe azitali ndi aatali ndi masamba oboola kwambiri ovalirako ndipo amavuta kwambiri coral-pink inflorescences, pafupifupi 30 cm mu kukula.
Ngati mukufuna maluwa odulidwa kuti asungidwe nthawi yayitali, fufuzani momwe mungapulumutsire malaki odulidwa.Ngati mukufuna kukula chinachake chodabwitsa m'nyumba yanu yachilimwe, muyenera kuganizira njira zotsatirazi mitundu ya lilac:
- Amur - Multi-trunk shrub, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kutenga mtengo, pamene imakula m'chilengedwe mpaka mamita 20, komanso mu chikhalidwe mpaka mamita 10. Masamba, okhala ndi mtundu, pamtunda wa kuphulika mu kasupe amakhala obiriwira-wofiirira, ndipo mu chilimwe, ali okhwima, ali ndi mdima wobiriwira pamwamba ndi wobiriwira pansipa. Ndi kugwa ndizofiirira kapena chikasu-lalanje. Maluwa, kununkhira uchi, wofiira kapena wobiriwira, amasonkhanitsidwa pa lalikulu panicles mpaka 25 cm mu kukula;
- Chi Hungary - shrub yomwe imamera mamita 7, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ozungulira masentimita 12 mu kukula kwake. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, opanda fungo losavuta kumva, amasonkhanitsa mantha ndi magawano. Mitunduyi imayimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya munda: wofiira (maluwa ofiira ofiira) ndi otumbululuka (maluwa osakhwima-ofiira);
- Persian - Osakanizidwa a Afghanistan ndi melkonadrezovannoy lilac. Amamera mamita atatu m'litali ndipo amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala ochepa mpaka masentimita 7.5, wobiriwira. Maluwa onunkhira a mtundu wobiriwira wofiirira amasonkhanitsidwa pamtundu waukulu wa panicles. Mu chikhalidwe, mitunduyo imayimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu: rassechennolistnaya, yoyera, yofiira;
- Chinese - Wosakanizidwa wa lilac wamba ndi wa Perisiya, umene unakhazikitsidwa mu 1777 ku France. Imakula mpaka mamita asanu mu msinkhu. Ili ndi masamba 10 masentimita ndi maluwa awiri-sentimita ndi fungo losangalatsa, lomwe limasonkhana poopsya mpaka masentimita 10 mu kukula kwa pyramidal mawonekedwe. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi: yawiri (mtundu wofiirira wa maluwa), wotuwa wofiira, wofiirira;
- hyacinth - Chotsatira cha kuwoloka kwa lilac wamba ndi wopezeka, womwe unachitikira ndi Victor Lemoine mu 1899. Masamba a zomera ndi mtima wakuda wobiriwira kapena dzira lopangidwa ndi pamwamba. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn, iwo amatembenukira bulauni ndi zofiirira tinge. Maluwa ndi wamba, koma amagawidwa muzing'ono za inflorescences. Owonetsedwa ndi mafomu otsatirawa: "Esther Staley", "Churchill", "Pulp Glory".
Mukudziwa? Pali chizindikiro - ngati mupeza duwa lokhala ndi mapaundi asanu mu burashi ya lilac ndikudya, kapena ayikeni pakati pa masamba, mukhoza kupanga chokhumba chomwe chidzakwaniritsidwe.
Kukula Makhalidwe
Posankha malo odzala lilac pa tsamba lanu Zotsatira izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi kuwala kwa chirengedwe;
- mtundu wa nthaka ndi zolemba;
- chinyezi;
- kukula kwa malo osankhidwa kuti akule, chitukuko ndi zakudya za mbewu.
Kuunikira ndi malo
Lilac ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, ndipo mikhalidwe yapadera siyifunika. Malo abwino kwambiri kuti akambirane ndi malo omwe ali pamtunda kapena malo otsetsereka okhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa tsiku lonse. Zitsamba zomwe zimabzalidwa mumthunzi sizidzakhala zowopsya, chitukuko chawo chimachedwa, ndipo maluwa ndi ofooka kwambiri kapena palibe pomwepo.
Kuwonjezera pa lilac, kwa Olive wa banja amakhalanso ndi zomera monga: phulusa, jasmine ndi privet.
Dothi la chitsamba
Zonse ziri zoyenera kwa lilac kulima munda wamunda. Kumene kuli mitengo ya zipatso, tchire lamabulosi, zokongoletsera zomera, lilac idzamva bwino.
Musamuyenere iye Dothi losasinthika ndi lapamwamba la acidity. Dothi losakanikirana ndi losalekeza ndi laimu, ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa, koma chida ichi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka. 
Madzi osefukira, nyengo zam'mphepete kapena zamtunda sizolondola kwa malagi. M'madera oterewa, m'pofunika kupanga phiri lamtundu uliwonse ku chitsamba chilichonse, m'malo mwa dzenje lachikhalidwe, monga momwe zimakhalira kubzala.
Ndizovuta komanso dongo lapansi. Koma kubzala ndi kotheka pokhapokha mutamasula mpandoyo mothandizidwa ndi mchenga, osatayika peat, masamba humus kapena zina zowonjezera. Koma popeza dothi sililoleza kuti chinyezi chidutse, ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi amvula asabwerere pamalo otere mu dzenje lokonzekera kukula. Mvula yambiri yamadzi imakhala yovulaza zomera. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati madzi apansi ali oyenera dothi lopitirira 1.5 mamita, zinthu sizili zoyenera kukula kwa mtundu uliwonse wa lilac.
Kubzala lilac
Mukamabzala malala mumtunda ndikuwusamalira, nkofunika kulingalira osati malingaliro opanga zokongoletsera chiwembu chanu, komanso zosowa zenizeni za mbewuyo. 
Kukula bwino ndi chitukuko cha chitsamba kudzafuna malo opanda ufulu ngati mawonekedwe a mzere ndi mamita 4 mamita. Koma monga mu nyumba yachisanu, monga lamulo, palibe malo ambiri, ndi ololedwa mtunda wochepa:
- mutabzala m'magulu - 2-2.5 mamita pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu;
- pogwiritsa ntchito mzere - 1.5-2 m;
- mwa mawonekedwe a linga - mita imodzi.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Mitengo ya Lilac ingagulidwe mu mitundu iwiri - ozika mizu ndi kumtengedwera.
Kwa osamalira wamaluwa, njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera kwambiri. Kaŵirikaŵiri, amawoneka mwa mawonekedwe a cuttings kapena mizu ana ake-lilac, nthawizina - monga mizu cuttings.
Mbewu zosiyanasiyana zowonjezeredwa zimalandira kuchokera kwa wamba wa lilac, Hungary kapena privet. Zoyamba zimaonedwa kuti ndi zabwino, chifukwa zimakula ndi kusamba popanda mavuto kwa zaka zambiri. Ena angapereke zosavomerezeka mosayembekezereka m'zaka zingapo. 
Nthawi
Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera lilac imadulidwa kuyambira theka lachiwiri la August mpaka kumapeto kwa September. Panthawi imeneyi, chomera chimayamba kukonzekera kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira dormancy, koma kuti zitheke bwino, pali masiku otentha okwanira otsala asanayambe.
Mukamabzala malala kumapeto kwa autumn, mwezi umodzi usanachitike chisanu chiyenera kusamalidwa chomera chitetezo. Pochita izi, mwamsanga mutabzalidwa ulimi wothirira, m'pofunika kudzaza bwalo la ulimi wothirira ndi zotayirira, monga masamba owuma, utuchi, peat wouma. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza kuyenera kukhala kochititsa chidwi - 20 cm kapena kuposa. 
Kudzala kwa nyengo kumayambira kuyamba mwamsanga ndipo nthawi zonse isanayambe kuoneka kwa masamba owonekera. Pachifukwa ichi, dzenje lakukwera liyenera kukonzekera m'dzinja. Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kulima lilac kumapeto kwa nyengo, popeza zimayesetsa kwambiri kuti rooting ikhale yabwino kuposa pamene ikudzala.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yoyamba yachilimwe ya lilac yomwe idangobzala kumene imafuna chidwi chapadera. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira kwa nthawi yake, kupopera mbewu ndi kutetezedwa ku zotsatira zovulaza za mphepo ndi dzuwa.
Pitani kukonzekera
Miphika yobzala mbande yokonzedwa musanadzalemo Masabata 2.5-3. Kwa chomera chokhala ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi, dzenje m'nthaka ndi mamita 45-50 cm ndi kuya kwa 40-45 masentimita 
Dzenje liri ndi nthaka, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ku humus, manyowa ovunda kapena peat owuma. Mpaka makilogalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri a feteleza oterewa adzafunikanso pa dzenje limodzi. Pofuna dothi lachinyontho, ufa wa dolomite ukufunika, chifukwa uli ndi magnesium, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhalabe m'matombo a mchenga. Kutsika kwa nthaka acidity kumapindula powonjezera 2-2.5 makilogalamu a tuff laimu.
Pamodzi ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera feterezazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- granulated superphosphate - 0.7-0.9 makilogalamu;
- potassium sulphate - 150 g;
- phosphate kapena fupa chakudya - 0,3 makilogalamu;
- phulusa - 700-900 g.
Manyowa amaphatikizidwa ndi nthaka yaikulu motero mbali yaikulu ya iwo ili m'munsi mwa chidebe chodzaza.
Sewero ndi zamakono
Musanabzala, mizu iyenera kuyendera, ndipo ngati iwonongeka - muziwongolera mosamala. Musanabzala, mizu yonseyo iyenera kuchitidwa ndi wolankhula - dothi lokhala ndi madzi osakaniza ndi manyowa.
Musanayike chomeracho m'dzenjemo, phiri la conical limakhazikitsidwa pakatikati, kufika pamtunda wa pafupifupi pamwamba pake. Pamene mmera umayikidwa pa iyo, mizu imafanana kufalikira kumbali zonse mu bwalo kuchokera kumunsi. 
Ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe chachitsamba chatsopano chimatuluka m'nthaka, motero mizu yake imatuluka ayenera kupita masentimita 4-6 kuchokera kunthaka.
Pambuyo pozaza nthaka kufika pamtundu woyenera, iyenera kuyanjana, pang'onopang'ono kupondaponda ndi mapazi ake kuchokera m'mphepete mpaka pamtengo. Kenaka bwalo limapangidwa ndi dziko lapansi ngati mawonekedwe a masentimita 15 mpaka 20 ndi mapangidwe a dzenje lomwe lidzatunga madzi nthawi yamvula ndi kuthirira.
Dzidziwitse njira zosiyanasiyana zobereketsera za lilac.Pambuyo pake mutabzalidwa mu dzenje, izo zimagwirizana 1.5 mpaka 2 zidebe zamadzi. Madzi akalowa, dzenje ladzaza ndi nthaka yamba ndipo imakhala ndi chingwe cha peat kuchokera ku masentimita asanu.
Chisamaliro choyenera
Malalawi ambiri samangofuna kubzala zokha, komanso kusamalidwa kwina, pofuna kuti pakhale kukula kwa mbewu. Zochitika zazikulu ndi kuthirira nthawi yake, kudya ndi kudulira nthawi zonse.
Kuthirira
Gawo loyamba la kuthirira chilimwe liyenera kukhala lochuluka. (mpaka 30 malita pa 1 sq mita). Izi ndizoona makamaka nyengo yozizira. M'tsogolomu, mpaka kugwa, kuthirira kumafunika kokha ngati pangakhale chilala chokhazikika. Kuthira mowa kwambiri pa nthawi ino kumabweretsa kuphuka kwa mphukira zatsopano zomwe zingathe kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Chaka choyamba cha kuthirira chimachitika pokhapokha kumalo otsetsereka. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa chitsamba, dera la ulimi wothirira limakula. 
Mitengo yothirira imadziwika ndi malo a tchire. Mwachitsanzo, chitsamba chomwe chili pamalo ozizira kwambiri, chimafuna madzi ochulukirapo, popeza kutuluka kwakukulu kwa madzi kumapezeka.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, korona imatsukidwa ndi jereji ya madzi pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuchokera ku payipi kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi lomwe lapezeka m'munsimu kuchokera pamapepala.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuti aberekenso nthaka yomwe tchire ikukula, feteleza yowonjezera ikuchitika pachaka. 
Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka. Zimaphatikizapo feteleza zamchere, chiwerengero chake chomwe chimasonyezedwa ku chitsamba chimodzi:
- ammonium nitrate (20-30 g);
- superphosphate (30 g);
- potaziyamu chloride (15-20 g).
Yachiwiri kudya adzafunika pakati pa chilimwe mu mawonekedwe a mchere feteleza Kutha mu 10 malita a madzi:
- ammonium nitrate (10-15 g);
- superphosphate (40-50 g);
- potaziyamu kloride (25-30 g).
Kudulira
Ngati simukuchita ndi kudulira, kutalika kwa lilac wamba kumatha kukula kwakukulu: kuchokera mamita 2 mpaka 4. Pa dacha ngati tchire tidzakhala ndi malo ambiri, choncho chaka chilichonse muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zazing'ono, phulani mphukira zomwe zimakula pansi pa nthambi za korona waukulu, nthambi zofooka ndi zouma - ndi momwe korona imapangidwira. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumayendetsedwa kwa zaka zingapo, kudulira kumapeto kwa masika asanayambe mphukira, nthambi zimatsogoleredwa pang'onopang'ono. Lilac kawirikawiri amalolera kudulira, nthawi zonse kumasula mphukira zatsopano.
Mukudziwa? Ku England, pali chikhalidwe chokondweretsa: ngati mkwati alandira maluwa kwa iye pamene akuyenda kwa mtsikana, izi zikutanthauza kuti iye anakanidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mavuto aakulu a lilac ndi lilac miner moth ndi bakiteriya necrosis.
Kuphimba masambawa ndi mabala a bulauni ndi mapangidwe awo opangidwa ndi mabotolo opindikizidwa amasonyeza kuti lilac imakhudzidwa ndi njenjete ya migodi. Chaka chotsatira, matabwa odwala samatha pachimake. Zopsezo zimabwera ndi nyengo ya chilimwe, pamene agulugufe akuuluka kuti akayike mazira awo pamunsi mwa masamba. Patatha sabata, mbozi zimawonekera. Pakatikati pa chilimwe, amagwa pansi ndikuyamba kuphulika pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mpweya wozama, mpaka masentimita 20, kukumba kumayambiriro ndi nyengo ya autumn, ndi kutembenuka koyenera kwa zigawo zakuya padziko lapansi kumathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa masamba kuli kochepa, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa. 
Mabakiteriya necrosis amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa August. Pankhaniyi, masambawo amatha kuvala imvi, ndipo mphukira zimakhala zofiirira. Matendawa amatha kupatsirana ndi kuthirira, kuchokera ku tizilombo, pamodzi ndi mbande, ndi kuvulala. Wothandizira causative mu offseason ali mu mphukira matenda ndi masamba ogwa.
Zidzatheka kuthana ndi matendawa pokhapokha mutachotsedwa masamba omwe akukhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo, kudula mphukira ndi matenda awo. Zitsamba zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zoposa 40% amafunika kuchotsa ndi kuwotcha.
