- Mtundu: Barberry
- Nthawi Y maluwa: Juni, Julayi
- Kutalika: 30-300cm
- Mtundu: wachikaso, wobiriwira, wofiyira
- Osayamba
- Nyengo
- Wokonda dzuwa
- Chilala chosagwira
Nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona mipanda yokongoletsera komanso zitsamba za barberry. Madera oyenera kulima mbewu zachilengedwe ndi Caucasus, Crimea, madera omwe nyengo yake ndi yabwino. Koma barberry ndi chosasangalatsa ndipo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amaloleza kuzizira ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe chimodzimodzi, kumazika mizu yolakwika. Barberry ndi chilengedwe. Zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka malo, zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe. Popeza mwatenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mutha kupanga nyimbo zokopa pamalowo. Chifukwa chake, zonse za barberry: kubzala ndi kusamalira, malingaliro oyamba okongoletsa mawonekedwe.
Kufotokozera kwa zitsamba za mtundu wa barberry
Zomera za genus barberry ndi zitsamba-ngati mitengo pafupifupi 2-3 m wamtali, wofalikira kuthengo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola ndi zipatso ndi masamba abwino, yatchuka ngati chomera. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachiarabu loti "beiberi" ndipo ndichifukwa choti ziphuphu za barberry zimawoneka ngati zipolopolo. Maluwa ali ndi utoto wachikaso wagolide, wophatikizidwa mu inflorescence kapena maburashi. Fungo la maluwa ndi lamphamvu komanso losangalatsa. Kuyamba kwamaluwa a barberry kuli mu Meyi-Juni. Crohn ikufalikira. Mfuti zimatuluka pachimtengo. Masamba amatembenukira pofiirira pakugwa, ndiye kuti barberry ndi wokongola nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Zipatso zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Ali ndi zipatso zamtundu wina zazitali pafupifupi 2 cm, wowawasa mu kukoma. Zipatso zosapsa zimakhala ndi ma alkaloids m'mizere yambiri, ndichifukwa chake zimakhala ndi poizoni. Zomwe zimayambira ndi mizu yake imakhala ndi alkaloid Berberine, yomwe imakhala ndi mandimu achikasu ndipo imapatsa utoto womwewo mkati mwazomera. Mtunduwu, astringency ndi acid wazipatso zakhala zifukwa zomwe barberry amatchedwa "ndimu yakumpoto". Spines ndi masamba osinthidwa, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe. Chifukwa cha ma spines amphamvu, barberry yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabatani. Chisoti chachifumu chimapangidwa ndi kubzala.
Mitundu yosangalatsa ya Atropurpurea imabzalidwe m'malo abwino.
Crimea ndi Caucasus amadziwika kuti ndiwo malo omwe mbewu zimabadwira, koma imakula pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Barberry imamera bwino kwambiri m'malo abwino kuwayatsa ndi dzuwa. Imakula bwino pamthunzi, koma pali zovuta ndi zipatso. Chomera chimapirira chilala, chimalekerera chisanu popanda zotsatira, koma chimatha kufa pamadothi okhala ndi madzi. Ndikothirira kwambiri kapena kugwa kwamvula yambiri, mizu yamphamvu imayamba kuvunda. Chitsamba chimabzalidwa mozungulira, m'magulu, momwe zimakhazikitsidwa. Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono ndiyofunika kukongoletsa miyala. Mtundu wa chomera cha barberry uli ndi mitundu 175.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu yoposa zana limodzi ndi theka ya mabulosi omwe amapangidwa kuti azikongoletsa minda ndi ziwembu. Mitundu yayikulu ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri:
- barberry wamba;
- Barberry wa Amur;
- Barberry waku Canada;
- Thunberg Barberry;
- Baru ya Ottawa;
- Barberry waku Korea;
- barberry yonse;
- ozungulira barberry;
- barberry ndalama.
Barberry wamba
Ndi chitsamba chosagwa chisanu 1.5-2.5 m kutalika, komwe kumatha kuzika mizu m'malo otentha kwambiri - mpaka ku Siberia yaku Western. Zipatso mchaka chachinayi cha moyo. Mitundu itatu ndiyodziwika kwambiri:
- Atropurpurea. Barberry-Hardy barberry wokhala ndi maluwa owala achikaso ndi zipatso zofiirira. Masamba azomera omwe ali ndi malo owala bwino, amapaka utoto wowala. Mukafalitsa mbewu, mtundu wa masamba samalandira mbadwa zonse.
- Albovariegata. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka mamita 1. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi madontho.
- Aureomarginata. Chizindikiro cha msuziwu ndi mtundu wamasamba. Zomera ndizithunzi. Mithunzi, kukula kwa masamba kumatha.
Mtundu wa masamba a barberry ndiwopadera, umatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wakudziwika komanso malo okukula kwa chitsamba
Barberry wa Amur
Kwawo kwa mbewuyo ndi Far East ndi North China. Kuphatikiza pa magawo awa, amakula ku Primorye ndi Japan. Kuthengo, komwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Kunja, imafanana ndi barberry wamba, koma tchire limakhala lalitali - mpaka 3.5 m. Zipatsozi ndizofiyira, zotheka, zimakhala ndi wowawasa kukoma. Masamba ndi akulu, serated, chonyezimira, zobiriwira. Mukugwa kwawo amapanga chikasu kapena kukhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
- Japonica. Izi ndi mitundu yamitundu ya Amur barberry, yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe okongola a masamba - ozunguliridwa pamwamba. Chiwerengero cha maluwa mu inflorescence sichochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yambiri - 6-12 (nthawi zambiri 20-25).
- Orpheus. Mitunduyi idasanjidwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia. Zake ndizopanda maluwa. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupi 1 mita.
M'dzinja, tchire la baram ya Amur ndilokongola kwambiri
Barberry waku Canada
Mwachilengedwe, zitsamba zimamera pamiyala, mabanki ndi zigwa za North America. Nthawi ya maluwa - kumapeto kwa Meyi - kuyambira Juni. Kachitsamba kamakhala kosazolowereka, kosalolera chilala ndi chilala. Maluwa ndi kubereka zipatso kwambiri. Kunja kumafanana ndi barberry wamba. Ku Russia, siyotchuka kwenikweni, koma ku America kwa zaka zopitilira zaka ziwiri alimi amalipira chidwi kwambiri popanga zokongoletsera zamitengo. Nthawi zambiri ma hybrids amabzalidwa:
- Declinata;
- Oxephylla;
- Rehdayeza.
Obereketsa aku America akhala akugwira ntchito yopanga mitundu yatsopano ya azungu ndi ma hybrids aku Canada kuyambira 1730
Baru ya Ottawa
Uwu ndi wosakanizidwa wopezeka pakuwoloka barberry Atropurpurea ndi baruni ya Thunberg. Amadziwika ndi kupirira kwapadera, kukana matenda. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu woyambirira - wachikaso chowala ndi mawanga ofiira. Masamba amatha kukhala ofiira, lalanje, ofiirira. Zipatso - ndi chikasu chachikasu. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chitsamba chimafikira 2-3 m, chimapatsa zophukira zabwino, chimadzichira msanga mutatha kudulira. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amasankha mitundu yokongoletsera yozizira-yolimba:
- Superba
- Chidikha;
- Auricoma;
- Mailes a Siliva.
Maluwa achikasu okhala ndi mawanga ofiira ndi masamba ofiirira amakhala ndi mphamvu. Barberry wa Ottawa - "chuma" choyenera wopanga mawonekedwe
Barberry Korea
Mtundu wa chitsamba udalandira dzina lake kuchokera ku Korea Peninsula - malo omwe mbewuyo imabadwira, pomwe imatha kuwoneka m'malo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Mtengowo umakhala wopanda dothi, umalekerera chilala, koma umatha kudwala chifukwa chakuthirira madzi nthawi yayitali. Korea barberry imatha kuundana ndi madzi oundana, koma, monga lamulo, nsonga zokhazo ndizovutika. Pambuyo podulira, mphukira zimamera mwachangu. Chomera chimayamba kugwira dzimbiri. Maluwa ndi achikasu, onunkhira. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa, zofiira.
Matani ofiira achikasu a barberry aku Korea amatha kukongoletsa ngakhale malo ovinidwa kwambiri
Barberry kwathunthu
Kwawo kwa barberry kwathunthu kuli mapiri a Asia. Tchire limatha kufikirana ndi mamilimita 2.5. Maluwa ndi achikasu, masamba ali obiriwira ndi tint imvi, oblong. Mthunzi wosangalatsa wazipatso. Amakhala ofiira, koma ali ndi mthunzi wakuda komanso wokutira. Chitsamba chimakhala chonyozeka, chimatha kumera panthaka iliyonse, kupatula acidic. Zomera zazing'ono sizilekerera nyengo yozizira, iyenera kuphimbidwa. Akamakula, kufunika koteteza nyengo yachisanu kumatha. Shrub ikhoza kudulira. Mphukira zimamera pa liwiro lalikulu.
Chiwerengero cha maluwa onse a barberry m'manja chimafika makumi awiri!
Barberry
Amadziwikanso kuti barberry odnoshnokovym. Kugawidwa kumapiri a Central Asia. Zipatsozo ndizopindika, zimakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Amawonjezeredwa ku pilaf, shurpa, kebab. Gawo lodziwika bwino la chipatso cha barberry marow - kwambiri mavitamini C. Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zamtengo wapatali, chitsamba chimakhala chowoneka bwino. Maluwawo amatengedwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a inflorescence, amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera ungathe kuzimiririka ndikufunika pogona. Chinyezi chambiri chimatha kupweteka. Chitsambachi chimakonda kwambiri alimi ku Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, ndi Kyrgyzstan.
Dothi labwino polimitsa barberry
Barberry Yopangidwira
Dziko lakwawo ndi Central ndi Central Asia. Shrub imamera pamalo otsetsereka. Kutalika kwa tchire nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi mamita 2. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wowala, wachikaso chagolide. Zipatso zake ndi zofiira. Masamba ang'ono, owala, obiriwira, amatha kukhala pang'ono. Chitsamba chimayamba kuzizira chisanu, sichikhala chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira, koma chimalekerera kutentha bwino. Kuti mizu ya barberry isawola, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kupereka ngalande. Kuthirira madzi kumatha kuchititsa dzimbiri ndi kufa kwa mbewu.
Mberrychrome barberry imalekerera chilala, koma kubangula mosavuta nyengo yamvula
Barberry waku Thunberg
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Barberry wa Thunberg ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Mutha kutchula mitundu yosachepera 50, yomwe iliyonse ili ndi phindu lake. Barberry wa Thunberg amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri, shrub imafika kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi 1.5 mulifupi. Inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ochepa - 2-4. Zipatso zake ndizowala, zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira kapena wamakhola. Amawoneka okongola kwambiri, koma sangadyedwe.
Mosiyana ndi mabulosi ena, mitunduyi imagwirizana ndi dzimbiri. Imakula bwino ikadulira. Mitundu ina imatha kuzizira nyengo yachisanu. Popeza ndizovuta kufotokoza mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamtundu wotchuka mkati mwa nkhani imodzi, timapereka mndandanda wazinthu zabwino kwambiri za tunberg barberry:
- Aurea;
- Bonanza Golide;
- Carmen;
- Atropurpurea Nana;
- CrimsonPygmy;
- Makonda a Kleiner;
- Minima;
- Okondedwa Aang'ono;
- Bagatelle
- Kobold;
- Chief wofiira;
- Golide Wagolide;
- Coronita;
- Kukhumudwa
- Dart's Red Lady;
- Cholinga cha Dart;
- Mfumu yofiyira;
- Helmont Chipilala;
- RedPillar
- Red Rocket
- Rose Glow;
- Kelleriis;
- Harlequin;
- Kornik;
- Mfumukazi ya Pinki
Mndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa siutheratu. Mitundu yokongola kwambiri komanso yotchuka ya Thunberg barberry ndiyomwe yatchulidwa mmenemu. Zonsezi ndizabwino pokongoletsa malowa. Onani vidiyoyi kuti mumve zambiri:
Momwe mungasankhire mitundu?
Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya barberry ndi chachikulu. Mutha kuwanyamula kuti azikongoletsa malowa kuyambira Meyi mpaka ozizira kwambiri. Kanemayo pansipa akuwonetsa zokongola ndi zoyambirira za barberry.
Pulogalamu yoyang'anira mapangidwe
Barberry ndi abwino kukongoletsa miyala yamiyala, mipanda ndi mafelemu, kapinga, mapiri a Japan. Utoto wautoto ndiwowonjezereka - kuchokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yachikasu ndi yofiyira mpaka yobiriwira, yamtambo wamtambo. Nyimbo zamtengo wapatali zimapezeka ndikuphatikiza barberry zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya zitsamba. Barberry amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko, komanso mosiyanitsa mawu.
Mitundu yamakoma imakhala m'mphepete mwa mabedi ndi maluwa. Shrub imateteza bwino maluwa ndi zitsamba kuti zisapondere. Olima ena amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamtengo wapatali kuti azikongoletsa phazi la mitengo yayikulu. Zikuwoneka zokongola kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukongoletsa minda ya ku Japan.
Nthawi zambiri mabulosi obzalidwa amawokedwa ngati mpanda. Thorny shrub imagwira ntchito yoteteza malowa ndikuwoneka bwino. Dothi lingasiyidwe momwe linapangidwira, kapena mutha kudula momwe mungafunire. Mabulosi osungidwa bwino okhala ndi nthambi zomata. Mutha kupanga korona wozungulira. Kanemayo akufotokoza momwe angadulire barberry wooneka ngati kasupe.
Kodi kubzala barberry ndi liti?
Nthawi yabwino yodzala barberry ndi masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Chomera chimafalikira ndi mbewu, kudula, kugawa, kugawa. Njira yabwino yoyambira msimi woyamba ndikugula mmera wabwino, chifukwa kufalitsa mbewu kukudyera nthawi.
Kuti mufalitse barberry ndi shank, imadulidwa mosamala, yodzalidwa m'nthaka yachonde pa udzu kapena m'nyumba, kuthirira ndikudikirira mpaka mizu itawonekera. Mmera womalizidwa umasinthidwa kupita panthaka limodzi ndi dothi kuchokera mumphika.
Pofalitsa ndi kuyala, mphukira imapanikizidwa, ndikukonkhedwa ndi nthaka, ndipo dothi limasungunuka mpaka magawo atazika mizu. Njira ina yabwino ndiyo kugawa chitsamba. Idachotsedwa padziko lapansi, logawanika, kukhala. Zikatere, chitsamba chimamera msanga ndikuyamba kubala zipatso.
Barberry samasankha dothi. Chachikulu ndikuti s kusefukira, ndipo malo osankhidwa ndi bwino. Shrub iyenera kubzalidwa padzuwa kapena pamtunda pang'ono. Pokhala tchire limodzi, amakumba mabowo a 0.5x0.5x0.5 m.
Kwa ma bwalo - mwina maenje omwewo, kapena ngalande ya kutalika komwe mukufuna. Dzenje limapukutidwa bwino, ngalande zimakhala ndi miyala (mwala woponderezedwa, masamba, utuchi, etc. ndi oyenera). Pambuyo pake, nthaka ndi feteleza (superphosphate, peat kapena humus) imayikidwa. Tsambalo lidakonzeka.
Njira Zantchito:
- Mmera umalowetsedwa m'makonzedwe okonzekereratu kuti khosi la muzu lifike pansi pamtunda wozama masentimita atatu.
- Mukabzala hedge, mtunda pakati pa tchire payokha uyenera kukhala 30-40 cm.
- Kubzala kuyenera kuthiriridwa bwino.
- Gawo lotsiriza ndikuyika nthaka ndi utuchi kapena masamba.
Monga mukuwonera, zonse ndizosavuta.
Mukabzala barberry, onetsetsani kuti akusenda mizu ya mmera
Chisamaliro cha Shrub: kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira
Barberry amadyetsedwa mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito urea (20-30 g pa ndowa imodzi ya madzi) kapena feteleza wovuta (pamiyeso yomwe ikupezeka mu malangizo). Pambuyo pake, chitsamba chimadyetsedwa zaka 4-5 zilizonse.
Thirirani mbewuyo pokhapokha muzikhala nthawi yayitali. Zokwanira 2-3 pa sabata. Onetsetsani kuti mumatulira nthambi zakale ndi zouma. Ngati mungafune, mutha kupanga zitsamba zitsamba kupanga korona. Ndondomeko zimachitika katatu pachaka.
Olima dimba amalimbikitsa kuchitira chitsamba ku tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthenga zamaluwa zimamukhudza. Vutoli limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la phytoerm 0.2%. Ngati powdery mildew wagunda barberry, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la msingi wa msingi (20 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi). Zovuta wamba ndiz dzimbiri, zimamenyedwa ndi yankho la 1% ya Bordeaux fluid.
