- Mtundu: Mbewu za poppy
- Nthawi Y maluwa: Juni, Julayi, Ogasiti
- Msinkhu: 15-40cm
- Mtundu: Wopinki, Woyera, Wofiirira, Wofiirira wa Persia
- Osayamba
- Nyengo
- Wamanyazi
- Kukonda
Tchire la Lush rose, mitengo yayitali ya gladioli komanso mizere ya marigolds ndi calendula pafupi ndi nyumba zanyumba zimawoneka zabwino, koma zachikhalidwe. Bwanji osabwezeretsanso malo omwe munalimo ndi mbewu yabwino ngati iyi? Kuyambira koyambirira kwamaluwa, duwa lokhazikika limatsegula maluwa ake ndikukongoletsa dimba lanu mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, pokhapokha, malamulo obzala ndi kusamalira dicenter amasamalidwa bwino.
Dicenter ndi dzina lomwe silofala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri timamva mtundu wongoyerekeza wa "mtima wosweka". Maluwa adalandira dzina lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha chidwi cha masamba omwe amafanana ndi mitima yaying'ono. Ena amadziwa chomera ichi ngati spore iwiri - kumasulira kwenikweni kwa mawu oti dis ndi kentron - "kawiri" ndi "spur." Kwa olemera mu nthano zaku French, duwa adalandira dzina la "mtima wa Jeanette", kwa Ajeremani othandiza - "duwa la pamtima", chifukwa cha Chingerezi - "mayi yemwe akusamba", ndipo anthu aku Russia adalitsatira mwa njira yawo yaying'ono "yosweka mtima".
Ngakhale ambiri amaganiza kuti chomerachi ndi cha ku Europe, dziko lakwawo ndi Japan, pomwe adangobweretsa ku Europe kokha mu 1816. Maluwa okongola nthawi yomweyo adawakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso osangalatsa a masamba, motero adakhala okhazikika m'minda ya aristocrats ndi akuluakulu. Wamaluwa adakondana ndi dicenter yopanda muyeso, yoyenga bwino kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale mayina amitunduyo adasinthika kukhala "kuyankhula": kaso, wokongola, wopatsa chidwi, wapamwamba, wapadera.
Malo omwe mbewuyo ili pabedi la maluwa kapena dimba lamaluwa imasankhidwa kutengera mitundu yake. Dicenter yapamwamba yowoneka bwino kwambiri pakati pakapangidwe, kungoyendayenda pang'ono kapena kwapadera - m'mphepete kapena potunda
Kukonzekera dothi lodzala duwa
Ngakhale chomera sichikhala chopanda phindu, chifukwa chamaluwa abwino kuyambira pakugwa, ndikofunikira kukonzekera malo oti mubzale ndikudzala dothi. Dicentra imamva bwino kwambiri m'malo onse omwe dzuwa limawunikira komanso pamitengo ya mitengo, chifukwa chake sipayenera kukhala mavuto ndi makonzedwe a dimba. M'dera lamthunzi, masamba amatsegulira pang'ono.
Mu nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kukumba mosamala bedi losankhidwa kuti libzale mpaka 40 cm ndikuyipanga chonde ndikuwonjezera humus (pafupifupi 3 kg pa m²). Pobwezeretsanso mchere, feteleza waponseponse wamaluwa wamaluwa mu 15-20 g pa malita 10 amadzi. M'tsogolo, chomera chikapereka utoto, chimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zina 3-4 - izi zimatsimikizira kuti mbewu zikukula mwachangu komanso zamaluwa. Mvula ikathirira kapena kuthirira, dothi lozungulira tchire liyenera kumasulidwa, koma mosamala kwambiri, popeza mizu ya mbewu ndiyandikira.
Pakulima ndi kumasula dothi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chida chofanana ndi phula la nkhuni - chithandizo cha dothi chimakhala chofewa, ndipo mizu yothinana siwonongeka
Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lolola chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino. Ngati dothi ndi lolemera, dongo, liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mchenga wa mitsinje kapena peat kuti lisakhumudwe. Omwe alimi ambiri amapanga “keke” la udzu wouma kapena mabango nthawi yachisanu, kuwaika m'magawo ndikusinthana ndi nthaka mu dzenje lomwe anakumba.
Njira zabwino kwambiri zoberekera ndi kufalikira
Pali njira zitatu zofalitsira ma dicentres - mwakugawanitsa rhizome, mphukira za mlengalenga ndi mbewu. Njira yotsirizira imatayidwa pomwepo - mbewu nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono, ndipo mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, "Zazikulu") pamitunda yopanda kupatsa simupereka konse. Ndi kulima mbewu, zovuta zimabweranso, chifukwa chake njira yabwino kwambiri yolerera ndikubzala kwa mbali ya nthangala kapena mphukira.
Ndikwabwino kugawa mbewu kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pomwe mphukira za mlengalenga zitha. Mizu yake imakumba mosamala, ndikuchotsa m'nthaka ndikuwuma - pang'onopang'ono ndikubowoleka ndipo imaphwanya. Kenako ma rhizomes amawagawa mosamala kuti magawo atatu a 3-4 akhalebe pagawo lililonse kuti apange mphukira. Tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayikiridwa pansi ndikuwazidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Kuteteza magawo, mutha kuwaza ndi phulusa. Ogawikawo akazika mizu, amathanso kuwagulitsa pabedi lamaluwa.
Kuti mugawe gawo lakale la chomera sichabwino, muyenera kukumba lonse. Rhizome iyenera kusungidwa mosamala mu zinthu, kuchotsa zidutswa zakufa ndi njira zopyapyala
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa kumathandizanso kupatsira dicentres. Ndikofunikira kusankha nthawi yomwe mphukira zikadagona kapena zayamba kale kukula. Ndikwabwino kugawaniza kamodzi pa zaka 5-6, koma osachepera, popeza mizu imayamba kukalamba ndikufa.
Njira yofikira ndi motere:
- kukumba mabowo ang'onoang'ono pabedi lamaluwa, mtunda wa pakati pa 30 mpaka 40 cm (wokula msawo wamkulu, wokulirapo);
- mu dzenje lirilonse ikani 3-4 Delenki - kwaulemerero;
- dzazani mabowo ndi dothi, mopepuka;
- kuthira madzi otentha padzuwa.
Kufalikira ndi kudula pansi kumachitika mchaka. Sungani dothi pansi penipeni pa tchire ndikudula mbali zing'onozing'ono za chidacho ndi chidendene ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Kenako, zodulidwazo zimasungidwa mu chikondwerero cha tsiku limodzi kuti mizu ibuke mwachangu ndikuyala m'nthaka yabwino, pamapeto pake yokutidwa ndi filimu yowonjezera kutentha. Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mizu yake idzaonekere. Pamalo ophuka nthawi zonse, mphukira zimabzalidwa patatha chaka chimodzi.
Ngati nkofunika kuwonetsa kukongola ndi chiyambi cha mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti muzibzale nokha mumphika wamaluwa, mumphika wamaluwa kapena mumphika wawukulu woumbika
Maonekedwe a kusamalira chomera ichi
Kulima dicentres moyenera kumakhala kosamalidwa nthawi zonse, pomwe pamafunika kuyang'anira kuwunikira, kuthirira nthawi yake, kumasula komanso kumasula.
Zomera zimatulutsa bwino bwino pamithunzi ndi dzuwa, koma mawonekedwe ndi nthawi ya maluwa ake zimatengera mwachindunji kuwunikira kwake. Pamalo otseguka, masamba amatseguka ndipo limaphuka koyambirira, ndipo mapesi a maluwa siakulu kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino. M'malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe, mtunduwo ukukulira pang'onopang'ono, koma "mitima" ndiyowala, yayikulu ndipo siyosowa mpaka pakati pa chilimwe.
Wochulukitsa amangomirira dothi lamiyala ndi miyala. Chifukwa chake, malo amodzi abwino kwambiri a malo ake ndi otsetsereka modekha m'mayendedwe okhala ndi miyala kapena njerwa
Pakukhazikitsa dongo la ngalande yomwe ili pansi pa nthaka yabwino, dothi labwino komanso dothi labwino, ndi abwino
Malangizo ochepa osamalira malo apakati:
- Mtundu wolemera wa masamba umatsimikizika ngati kasupe adadyetsedwa ndi superphosphate, kenako pakumakula, kudya kwina kwa 3-4 kumachitika.
- Ngakhale mtengowo utazirala, pamafunika kuthira feteleza ndi nayitrogeni kuti apange bwino masamba atsopano.
- Pakatsika kutentha kwambiri, ndibwino kuphimba mbewuyo osagwiritsa ntchito nsalu.
- Maburashi anazimiririka amayenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi, ndiye kuti maluwa ena amatha nthawi yayitali.
- Pofika m'dzinja, gawo la mlengalenga limachotsedwa, kusiya masamba osaposa 5 cm.
Dothi limafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikuphimba kwamadzi, mizu ya dicentres imayamba kuvunda, motero ndikwabwino kusankha malo okwezedwa kuti muyika mabedi amaluwa. Ngati mbewu yabzidwa kale, ndipo dothi limasefukira nthawi zonse, muyenera kumukulira dothi ndikukhazikitsa bedi la maluwa ndi dambo ndi poyambira madzi otuluka. Pa kutentha kwambiri, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi kuti mizu yake isaphwe. Kusunga chinyezi ndikutchinjiriza pakuwonjezera kutentha, peat kapena humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imafalikira pansi pazomera.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino yama dicenters
Woyang'anira Dicenter wokongola adadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha kukula kwake - ndiye mtengo waukulu kwambiri komanso wobiriwira. Mtundu wakale umawoneka ngati chitsamba chowala yokutidwa ndi masamba otseguka komanso wokhala ndi mitsitsi yoyenda maluwa. Mitundu yambiri yapai ndi pinki yowala, mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa oyera sizachilendo. Mitundu yoyera-yoyera imakhala ndi kukula pang'ono, koma osachepera komanso kokongoletsa.
Kuti dicenter yokongola itulutsenso kumapeto kwa chilimwe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru: kumapeto kwa maluwa, mabulashi okhala ndi mitengo yoyendayenda iyenera kudulidwa mosamala.
Malo okongola ndi khungwa laling'ono lofika kutalika kosaposa 30. Limalima maluwa ang'onoang'ono koma okongola kuyambira kuyera mpaka utoto wowala. Nthawi ya maluwa ndiyokulira - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi tsamba la siliva losazolowereka, ngati lakutidwa ndi fluff. Mtengowo ndi woyenera kukongoletsa malire ndi zitsamba za mapiri.
Malo okongola ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimakwanitsa kupatsa mbewu. Izi ndichifukwa cha maluwa ake ataliatali, mpaka kugwa komwe, pomwe pali mabatani athunthu okhala ndi njere
Dicenter yapadera (yabwino) imadziwika ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono - osapitirira 25 cm. Poyerekeza ndi masamba obiriwira ofiira ofanana ndi masamba owoneka bwino, ofiira a pinki, ofiirira kapena oyera inflorescence. Limamasula modzichepetsa, osati kwambiri, kwa miyezi iwiri, komanso nyengo yachilimwe - nyengo yonseyo. Chomerachi ndichosavuta kupezekanso nthawi yachisanu.
Chifukwa cha kufanana kwa masamba ndi fern, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndi abwino kukongoletsa modabwitsa mapiri a kumapiri, miyala yamiyala kapena malo obiriwira oyenda
Zotsatira zakusankhidwa, dicenter curly (kukwera) idakhala mitundu yodabwitsa, pachaka, komwe amabadwira komwe kumadziwika kuti Himalaya. Sikuwoneka ngati chitsamba chodziwika bwino, koma motalika, mpaka 2 m liana, lomwe limamasula ndi masamba okongola achikasu.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kukhala ndi malo ochulukirapo kuposa abale ake. Ma Lianas amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso chisamaliro, kutentha kwambiri ndipo satha kupirira kuzizira
Malo osambira ndi ang'ono kukula - osapitirira 15-20 cm komanso mizu yochepa. Maluwa ndi osowa, koma akulu, ali ndi mtundu woyera, wapinki komanso wofiira. Imakhala ndi nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembara. Amamva bwino nyengo yofunda, salekerera kuzirala.
Dicenter woyendayenda samakonda dothi lopanda madzi. Amakonda dothi lamchenga, lamiyala kapena lamiyala, kotero liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zitsamba za alpine, screw ndi malo otsetsereka.
Dicenter ndi maluwa apadziko lonse lapansi, oyeneranso kubzala m'modzi, komanso okongoletsa mabedi amaluwa. Mitundu yotsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa udzu, mapiri a alpine, miyala yamiyala ndi zitsamba zazikulu zokhala zobiriwira nthawi zonse, zazikuluzikulu - kupanga mabedi ambiri osanja otetezedwa m'nyumba.
