Si onse omwe ali ndi ziwembu zomwe amayesera kupereka gawo kuti liyang'anire, pomwe dzanja la munthu limamveka pokhazikika ndikusankhidwa kwa mbewu. Ena pafupi ndi zachilengedwe, okhala ndi mitengo wamba kuthengo, dandelions ndi udzu wamunda m'malo mwa udzu. Nthawi zambiri, malo oterowo amasiyidwa ndi nzika za chilimwe, omwe adapeza kale malowo ndi mitengo yokhwima. Anthu athu sakhala ndi chidwi ndi birch, chifukwa kukongola kumatha kutsutsana ndi zikhalidwe zachilendo. Koma tiwone ngati birch yamtchire ili yoyenera nthawi zonse pakupanga malowa, ndi mitundu iti yomwe iyenera kusankhidwa (kupewa mavuto ndi anansi).
Kodi mitengo ya birch ndiyabwino?
Ngati mtengo mulibe mdziko lanu pano, koma maloto a birch pafupi ndi khonde ayamba kale kukondweretsa mtima wanu, choyamba, onjezani zabwino ndi zoipa zonse zomwe wokhala m'nkhalango akubweretserani.
"Mbali yakuda" ya birch: mawonekedwe a kukula
Osakhudzidwa, i.e. mitengo yamtchire yamtchire imamera msanga ndipo imawulukira mosiyanasiyana. Kubzala kwa theka la mita pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zisanu kudzakulitsa kutalika kwa nyumbayo, ndipo m'zaka 20-25 imatha kuwombera mpaka mamita 45. Tepi yolimba imeneyi imagwirizana kwambiri pa chiwembu chachikulu, pomwe nyumbayo ndi yayikulu ndipo pali gawo lokwanira. Koma kuwona kwa mtengo waukulu pafupi ndi nyumba yaying'ono kumapangitsa nyumbayo kukhala yaying'ono komanso yopusa.
Birch grove ndi yogwirizana pang'onopang'ono pazosankha zamakono - mayendedwe, dziwe ndi mitundu ingapo, ngati adapangidwa mumayikidwe achi Russia
Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake, zotsatirazi ziyenera kulingaliridwa:
- Mizu ya mabatani imakhala pakadutsa panthaka ndikufalikira mbali ndikuwonekera kwa 6-10 metres (kutengera mitundu). Nthawi yomweyo, akuyamwa chakudya kuchokera pansi mwakuti ngakhale udzu wamba siivuta kugwirizana nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuganizira mosamala kapangidwe kake pansi pa mtengo ndikuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mpaka mutapeza "wololera mnzake".
- Mtengo wachikulire umatenga malita oposa 60 patsiku lotentha. madzi, ndi zikhalidwe zina zokongoletsa (pansi pake) zimangokhala zinyenyeswazi zamadzimadzi.
- Pali zinyalala zambiri kuchokera ku birch, nthawi zambiri zimapangitsanso masamba, ndikulira mitundu kutaya ngakhale nthambi zoonda. Chifukwa chake kukhalabe aukhondo m'derali kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.
- Ngati tsamba lanu limatsegukira oyandikana nawo, ndiye kuti birch yobzalidwa mosayenera ikhoza kuyambitsa mikangano, chifukwa imaponya mthunzi kutali, ikulepheretsa kuwunika kwa mbewu mumiyala yam'munsi. Ndipo ngakhale ndikulola mita ya SNiP 4 kuchokera pa mpanda, mtengo wachikulire umapanga malo oyaka pamalopo.
- Poyandikira birch, mitengo yazipatso siyimayenda, ndiye kuti sungabzare kumunda mkati mwa 10 metres.
Koma maminiti onsewa amasintha mosavuta kukhala ma pluses, ngati mungafikire kosavuta mwanzeru.
Ubwino wanyani wa birch m'minda
Chifukwa chake, zidanenedwa pamwambapa kuti mtengo wachikulire ndi pampu yamphamvu yomwe imakoka chinyezi kuchokera pansi. Ngati muli "odala" kugula kanyumba kumalo otsika, komwe kumapeto kwa kasupe malo ambiri owuma mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndipo mvula ikagwa kwa masabata pali chithaphwi, ndiye kuti mitengo ya m'nkhalango idzakhala yothandiza kwambiri pamawonekedwe anu. Imasinthasintha chinyezi osati mu radius ya mizu, komanso 10 metres kutsogolo. Chifukwa chake m'madera otsika, mitengo ya birch imabzalidwa komwe kumayambira komwe chilengedwe chimapita.
Kutalika kwa birch kumatha kusewera m'manja mwa anthu okhala pachilimwe omwe chiwembu chawo chili poyera komanso chimawombedwa ndi mphepo zonse. Mukadzala mitengo ingapo kumpoto (kapena komwe mphepo imawombera nthawi zambiri), mudzateteza mitengo yazipatso, mphesa ndi zokongoletsera ku nyengo yozizira kozizira, chifukwa popanda mphepo chisanu ndichosavuta kuvomereza. Mitengo ya birch yokha ikadzakhala yayikulu kwambiri ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu yaying'ono pamzere wachiwiri (mwina simungafunike malipidwe), chifukwa korona wamkulu amakhala wokwera kwambiri ndipo sangathe kutseka nyengo yokhomera nyengo.
Kuphatikizanso, masamba obiriwira a birch ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangira manyowa. Ngati mungagwetse pansi dalaivala kapena kupanga dzenje la kompositi, ndiye kuti chaka chilichonse mudzakhala ndi dothi labwino loziziritsa mabedi ndi maluwa. Nthambi zazing'ono ndizothandizanso: iwo mu kompositi amatenga gawo la chogwirizira, kuteteza masamba kuti asapangane ndikuthandizira kufalikira kwa mpweya.
Chidacho cha mizere yobzala m'mphepete mwa mpanda chimateteza zitsamba zokongoletsera, maluwa kuchokera kumphepo zamphamvu, ndipo m'mawindo simudzaphulika
Mafano osamba machitidwe azitha kudula ma broom mokwanira, makamaka popeza kumeta kumathandiza kupanga korona wokongola kwambiri. Zowona, ngati mtengowo udagwedezeka kwa 20 metres - simufika kunthambi. Chapakatikati, banja lonse lidzakhala ndi madzi akuchiritsa omwe ali pafupi.
Momwe mungakhalire ndi kukula kwa mtengo wamitengo?
Ngati malingaliro anu aposa "kutsutsa" - dzalani molimba mtima. Komanso, kuletsa kukula kwa nkhalangoyi kukongola kwamphamvu kwambiri ngati munthu wosadziwa zambiri wamalonda. Monga lamulo, mabatani amabweretsa yaying'ono, mpaka mita kukwera, pamalopo, chifukwa mbande zazing'ono ndizosavuta kuzika mizu. Nthawi yomweyo dziwani kuti ndi kutalika kwanji komwe kungakhale koyenera kwambiri m'malo anu.
Patangotha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri birch itafika kumtunda womwe mukufuna, kudula pamwamba. Chifukwa chake mumathandizira kukula kwa nthambi zamtsogolo, zimapangitsa korona kukhala wokulirapo ndi kusiya kukula kwamuyaya. Kudulira kumachitika m'chilimwe komanso masamba atagwa.
Ngati mtengo wa birch wokhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yamera patsamba lanu, womanga palimodzi ndikuumangiriza. M'zaka zingapo, mtengo umatenga mawonekedwe ake oyambilira.
Kuthengo, mitundu yodziwika ndi yolira imapezeka. Lachiwiri silikula kuposa 20 metres. Koma ngati mukufuna kupeza mmera wamtundu wosalira m'nkhalangomo, ndiye kuti simukutha kuzindikira momwe mukuonekera, popeza "m'mimba" ya ubwana imawoneka chimodzimodzi. Yang'anani pa mbewu zachikulire zomwe zikukula pafupi. Mphepo sikuti imabweretsa zosiyana pamtunda wautali.
Koma ngati mungakumane ndi vuto wamba, mutha kusintha kukhala njira yopangidwa ndi anthu. Dulani pamwamba pamutu, ndipo pindani ndikukhomerera nthambi zofananira, ndikuyang'ana m'mwamba, pa cholemetsa chilichonse (mabotolo amadzi, zotulutsa, zina). Chinthu chachikulu - osachulukitsa ndi kulemera. Muyenera kuyamba ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kukula kwawo. Kenako nthawi yozizira, nthambi sizidzathyooka ndipo sipadzakhala mabowo achisanu.
Kuti apatse nthambi mbali ina, zikhomo zimayendetsedwa pansi (popeza chihemacho chimakhazikika) ndipo nthambi zomata zimasungidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, malo omwe zingwe zimakhudzana ndi chingwe ndi nthambi zimakutidwa ndi nsalu kuti khungwa lisamang'ambe.
Zosankha Zowonjezera Zakale za Birch
Ndipo chochita, ngati kukongola kwa nkhalango kukupezani mu mkhalidwe wachikulire? Pali zosankha zingapo: ngati kukula kwa malowa kukuloleza, zichisiyeni monga momwe ziliri, ndikukonzekera ngodya yopumira pansi pa birch. Gogoda pansi pa benchi mozungulira thunthu, ndikukhomerera hammock kapena ikani mipando yamunda. Pamalo oterowo mudzakhala ozizira ngakhale kutentha. Pansi pa masamba, chipinda cha ana cha atsikana chimakhalanso choyenera.
Pansi pamitengo ya birch ya achikulire, kutentha kumadzalamulira chilimwe chonse, kotero ma nyundo amapachikidwa apa, masinthidwe ndi olemba ladzuwa akhazikitsidwa kapena ngodya ya ana
Njira yachiwiri ndikupatsa birch mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu okhala chilimwe omwe akufuna kupanga malo abwino kulamulidwa, omwe ali ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera, udzu, njira, etc. Pankhaniyi, birch imatha kukonzedwa bwino:
- Siyani nthambi zokha kumtunda, kudula korona ndi nthambi zonse zammbali zomwe zikukula pansi. Tsitsi lamtunduwu limatchedwa "pansi pa mtengo wa kanjedza", chifukwa mumtengowu masamba onse amachokera pamalo amodzi okulira.
- Dulani nthambi zonse ndi chisoti chachifumu, ndikusiya masentimita 10 kuchokera ku nthambi zokulirapo pa thunthu (lingalirani kuchuluka kwa ma bandeti omwe mumanga nthawi yomweyo!). Ndipo, pakapita zaka zingapo, birch imakutidwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono zambiri, ndikuchoka pazomera kumanzere, ndipo imafanana ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Khalani okonzekeratu kuti si mitengo yonse yayikulu yomwe singathe kumeta tsitsi lotere. Birch imatha kudwala kwa zaka zingapo, mpaka itayamba kudabwitsidwa. China chopanda tsitsi china cha mitengo ikuluikulu - mizu imaphukira nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake birch ili ndi inshuwaransi yaimfa ndipo imagwedezeka ndi "ana" atsopano. Zowona, kuthana nawo sikunanso kovuta kuposa kuwombera kwa maula kapena chitumbuwa.
Kuti apulumutse malowo mosafunikira, nthambi zimadulidwa pafupi ndi pamwamba pa mitengo ya birch (kumeta tsitsi)
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimatha kuyenda bwino?
Popeza nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa birch imakhala youma kwambiri, sizomera zonse zokongoletsa sizingakhalebe m'malo otere. Zowona, mukutentha mumafunirabe madzi (monga dimba lirilonse la maluwa!).
Nawu mndandanda wazikhalidwe zomwe zingagwirizane ndi "mlendo" wamtchire:
- Strawberry. Bweretsani tchire zingapo ku nkhalango ndikubzala mu udzu. Kwa ana, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kusonkhanitsa zipatsozi, ndikung'amba masabata m'munda.
- Wopusa. Zilala izi siziopa, chifukwa zimaphukira kumayambiriro kwa masika, pakakhala chinyezi chambiri ngakhale pansi pa mitengo yobiriwira. Ndipo mu chirimwe mudzawakumbamo.
- Ferns. Mtundu wa mbewu womwe umagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo iliyonse. Malo onse adzakulungidwa pansi pa birch, ngati muwapatsa bure.
- Malamba a chigwa. Monga mmera wam'mbuyomu, amaphira dothi ndi kapeti wowondera, osavutika ndi mthunzi komansouma.
- Anemone (kapena anemone). Limamasula mu Meyi monse ndipo limawoneka mwachilengedwe pansi pa mtengo wankhalango, popeza lokha ndi lachilengedwe m'nkhalangoyi.
Monga mukuwonera, mbewu zambiri zomwe "zimatha kupanga zibwenzi" ndi birch ndi anthu okhala m'nkhalango. Simungagule pamsika, koma pitani kunkhalango ndi "kusaka" kuti mukakumbe zitsamba zambiri zofunika kumeneko. Zowona, ndikwabwino kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuti digiri ya kupulumuka ikhale yokwanira.
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu pansi pa nthawi yamaluwa zimabzalidwa pansi paminga, popeza zimakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira kupanga peduniking pambuyo pa dzinja
Mitundu yokongoletsera yoyenera madera ang'onoang'ono
Ngati kubzala mitengo ya birch kuli polojekiti mpaka pano - pali nthawi yoganiza ngati mukufuna mtengo wakuthengo. Pa ma 4-5 maekala ndikofunikira kuti mupangidwe, mitundu yolumikizidwa yomwe sikula pamtunda wa 3 metres, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pakhale zovuta zochepa.
Junga amatanthauza ma bampu obiriwira, nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa pa chitsa, kotero mbewu yotereyi ndiyoyenera pazopangidwe zilizonse za gawo
Chodziwika kwambiri pazapangidwe:
- Mitundu ya Jung, yomwe korona wake amafanana ndi ambulera yapamwamba kwambiri, yogwera pansi mokongola;
- Gracilis, wosiyanitsidwa ndi thunthu lolunjika ndi mawonekedwe akulira a nthambi;
- Mitundu yayitali ya Thunthu, yoyera bwino, yopanda dontho limodzi lakuda, masamba akuluakulu osema ndi korona wotsika.
Ndi kuyika koyenera komanso chisamaliro, birch ikhala chidwi chachikulu mnyumba yanu ndikusilira anansi anu.
