Zosiyanasiyana za petunia hybrids. Malamulo a kukula ndi kusamalira zomera

Petunias ndi maluwa okondedwa kwambiri ndipo ali pa malo apamwamba pakati pa zomera za pachaka. Izi zimakhala chifukwa cha maluwa owala komanso osamalitsa. Iwo akhoza kubzalidwa pabedi la maluwa, ndi pakhomo kapena khonde la nyumba.

Petunia pachimake nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi madzi akugwa a inflorescences omwe amakulolani kusangalala ndi malingaliro anu kuyambira masiku otentha kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira.

Ndi chiyani?

Zaka zoposa 200 zapitazo, kumadera otentha a Brazil ndi South America, mitundu yoyamba ya petunias inapezeka. Popeza kuti mawu akuti "petunia" amatembenuzidwa kuti "fodya", adapatsidwa kwa Tabakov. Masiku ano, petunia ndi ya mtundu wa shrub, herbaceous plants, ndipo amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yoposa 40 mitundu ya maluwa.

Amatha kusangalatsa diso nthawi imodzi komanso nthawi yaitali. Maonekedwe a petunia, omwe nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi kukakamiza inflorescences.. Komabe, nthawi zina zimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a zitsamba ndi zolunjika kapena zokwawa zimayambira. Pa zimayambira pali mazira ambiri, omwe pamapeto pake amasandulika maluwa okongola omwe amaoneka okongola, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala fungo losasangalatsa.

Mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi maonekedwe awo

Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu ya petunias, yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe, mtundu ndi maonekedwe a maluwa. Mwachikhalidwe, petunia wapatulidwa mu:

1. lalikulu-flowered;
2. ambiri-akuyenda

Yoyamba imadziwika ndi kapangidwe kamene kali ndi maluwa akulu, ndipo yachiwiri ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a mitundu yowala. Komanso, mitunduyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi malo awo. Popeza lalikulu pet flowered ndi m'malo fastidious pansi nyengo zina, iwo makamaka anabzala kuti zokongoletsa mu miphika. Maluwa ambiri amatha kusatetezeka ndipo amasangalatsa diso mu flowerbeds popanda mavuto.

Mitundu yotsatira ya petunia wosakanizidwa ndi yosiyana.

Picotee

Zimatengedwa kuti ndi chaka chomera komanso chimamasula nthawi yotentha.. Inflorescence imapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a phula ndi mzere wofiira kapena wofiira.

Mirage Mirage

Kukula, nyengo zambiri za nyengo. Maluwawo amawoneka ofiira, ngati mawonekedwe a nsalu yaikulu.

Primetime

Nthawi zambiri amakula monga chaka chomera chokhala ndi zofiira inflorescences, zomwe zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Makhalidwewa amatchulidwa mitsinje yamdima. Ikhoza kufika mpaka mamita kutalika.

Aladdin

Maluwa a twine ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba. Maluwa amatha kujambula mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo masamba amakhala ovunda.

Terry

Ndiponso, pali zosakaniza ndi zosakaniza za petunias. A representative woimira kusakaniza ndi terry petunia. Dzina lake limalankhula zokha. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, m'mphepete mwa ziwalozo zimakhala zabwino, ndipo inflorescences amatha. Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndikutetezeka kwa terry petunia nyengo yoipa.

Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za petunia terry kuchokera ku vidiyo iyi yothandiza:

Kodi ndikuti mungabzala bwanji wosakanizidwa?

Kuti pakhale kukula kwa petunias wosakanizidwa, nkofunika kudziwa malamulo ake. Ndizotheka kubzala pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu kapena mbande.

Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala mbewu ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za March. Ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka, yomwe imaphatikizapo peat ndi mchenga. Musanadzalemo, m'pofunikira kusungunula nthaka bwino ndikupukuta pamwamba pake kuti muyike mbewu.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu monga:

• Small. Pogwera pansi, zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndipo zimafalikira pamwamba pa nthaka, kenako zimawaza pang'ono. Kenako, muyenera kutsanulira ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
• Zosakaniza malo ogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro. Pofuna kuchepetsera kayendedwe kake ndi chitukuko chabwino cha chomera, ndikofunika kudzala mtundu uwu wa mbewu mu mzere umodzi.

Pofuna kupeŵa maonekedwe a matenda, ndi bwino kuyang'anitsitsa condensate pa filimuyi ndikuiyeretsa panthaŵi yake. Pofuna kupewa, zimalimbikitsa kubwezeretsa madzi pozitha kupopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito potassium permanganate. Pamene tsamba loyamba likukula, m'pofunikira kuchotsa filimuyo, kuchepetsa kukula kwa kuthirira ndi kuwaza nthaka ndi mchenga.

Ndi bwino kudzala mbeu muzitsulo zopanda kanthu ndi chivindikiro.. Pankhani ya mbande, iyenera kubzalidwa pamaso pa masamba 4 pa chomera pansi ndi zofanana. Ndibwino kuti tiwonjezere, kuti tipange mizu yamphamvu.

Panthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo ozizira a nthaka, kuti amasulire, kuti azitsamba. Komanso palinso chomera chokha. Zimaperekedwa mwa kuika mbande za petunia kwa kanthawi kochepa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwapansi.

Kusamba kwa petunia kumachitika nthawi yotentha m'dothi lotayirira. Petunia fetereza m'nthawi ino sikofunika. Patapita nthawi, muyenera kugwira chomeracho.

Zosowa za nthaka

Malo a petunia kukula akhoza kukhala mphika ndi lotseguka pansi. Ponena za nthaka, petunia sichikufuna, komabe, nayitrogeni wambirimbiri yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito idzakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu. Chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha matenda a fungal, sichiri chovomerezeka kuti manyowa petunia ndi humus.

Pakatha nyengo yozizira mukhoza kuyamba. Mzu wa zomera umakonzedwa mokwanira, kotero kusintha kwake kudzachitika popanda mavuto.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Malo abwino kwambiri a kukula kwa petunias amaonedwa kukhala otetezeka komanso malo otentha kwambiri, chifukwa ndi thermophilic ndipo amakhala ovuta kusintha nyengo. Ponena za malo otsetsereka, amatha kufotokozera onse ngati mawonekedwe a maluwa, ndi malo otseguka. Musaiwale malo obiriwira a petunias ngati mphika ndi mphika. Kawirikawiri amaikongoletsa zipinda zamakono kapena nyumba zamakono.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

Kusamalira petunias kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse kwa zozizwitsa zopanda pake. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira ndi kumasuka. Komabe, kuchepa kwa chinyezi sikuvomerezeka. Kuthirira kumalimbikitsidwa madzulo. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosaposa katatu pamwezi ndikutsatira kwambiri. Apo ayi, chomeracho chimaopsezedwa ndi imfa.

Ndikofunika kufufuza maonekedwe a chomera kuti apeze feteleza yoyenera:

• pamene mukugula masamba ofiira amafunikira fetereza ya phosphate;
• pamene mawanga achikasu awoneka - fetereza, yomwe ili ndi chitsulo;
• pothandizira kupanga mphukira amafunika phosphorous-fetereza fetereza.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Nthawi zina, chisamaliro chosayenera chingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Petunias ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.:

• Grey kuvunda. Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda, masambawa ali ndi mawanga ofiira, ndiye owuma ndi owombedwa ndi fluff. N'zotheka kutenga kachilombo ka fungasi m'nthaka.
• Powdery mildew kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba. Chizindikiro cha kunja kwa matendawa ndi pachimake choyera pa masamba.
• Msolo wakuda. Tsinde pang'onopang'ono limadetsedwa ndipo limatuluka, ndipo masamba amatembenukira chikasu.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati zomera zonse zakhala zikudwala, petunia sayenera kubzalidwa pamalo ake.

Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala ochiritsira, komanso mankhwala okonzekera. Komabe, popanda matenda Mitundu ina ya tizilombo ndi yoopsa kwa petunias:

• Aphidchophimba mbali zonse za zomera. Patapita kanthawi, malo okhudzidwawo, ndi bowa lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pa iwo, amapita mu chubu.
• Kangaude mitezomwe zimakonda mawonekedwe a mkatikati mwa masamba, kupanga webusaiti pamtengo wonse. Mbali yakunja ya chomera ili ndi mawanga oyera, ndipo patapita kanthawi, masamba amauma ndi kugwa.
• Kupuma. Mitundu yaing'onoting'ono imeneyi imakhala m'magulu okhaokha pamasamba. Pambuyo pake, masamba owuma amawoneka pa masamba, ndipo maluwa akugwa.

Zinthu zoberekera

Kufalitsa kwa petunia kumawoneka kudzera mu mbewu, mbande, cuttings:

• Njira yoyamba kwambiri imayesedwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mbande.. Komabe, vuto lalikulu lingakhale mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
• Kudula ndikofunikira pakati pa olima maluwa odziwa bwino. Zimakupatsani inu chitsamba chokongola ndi mowirikiza maluwa. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri imakhala ngati kuyamba kwa masika.
  1. Musanalekanitse phesi ku chomera chachikulu, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe matenda osiyanasiyana.
  2. Kenaka, muyenera kuonetsetsa kukula kwa mizu, poika petunia m'madzi kapena mumchenga.
  3. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula, nkofunika kutsitsa masamba.
• Njira yochepetsetsa yopangira petunias imatengedwa ngati njira ya mbewu.. Nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mavuto ena. Mbewu imayenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka ndi imodzi, ndipo nthawi zina izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Komanso, kubzala kwa mbewu kumayambika ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe ambiri.

Mavuto angakhalepo

Pamene mukukula petunias, muli ndi mwayi wokumana ndi mavuto ena.:

1. Ndi chomera imfakapena ngati mbande sizinakwane konse, chifukwa chachikulu chimayesedwa ngati kubzala kwa mbewu zabwino.
2. Zapezanso kuchepetsa mbande mbali imodzi. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, kuthirira otsika kutentha kapena kuchotsa filimuyo nthawi yambiri. Kuti zolondola ndi zokongola mapangidwe a chitsamba cha petunia, m'pofunika kutsina kapena kutsina. Izi zimakhala ngati impso ya impso, kuti uwonjezere kukula kwa msana. Kuphwanyika ndi njira yofunikira.
3. Olima munda amakumana ndi vutoli chikasu choyamba mu petunia. Vutoli limapezeka pamene kutentha kumatsika, kuchepa kwa chitsulo, kapena kugonjetsedwa kwa kangaude.

Mtundu wa petunia umayimilidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi maonekedwe okongola ndi okongola. Chimake cha phokoso cha petunia chimapezeka m'miyezi yoyambirira ya chilimwe. Komabe, kusunga kukongola kwa chomerachi kumafuna kusamala komanso kumusamalira nthawi zonse. Ngati petunia ikupatsidwa zonse zofunika, zidzakondweretsa diso kwa nthawi yaitali.