Zabwino zonse kukhala mwini wa malo athyathyathya, pomwe pamakhala kuti sikusintha. Koma bwanji ngati mpumulo wake ukakwera ndikugwa? Pali njira ziwiri zothetsera vutoli: kusanja pamtunda ndikuthira mapiri ndikuchotsa mapiri, kapena kukonza masitepe amitundu yonse ndi masitepe. Masitepe a m'munda ndi osangalatsanso chifukwa kuwonjezera pa cholinga chawo chachindunji - kupereka mwayi wosuntha mozungulira malowa ndi malo otsetsereka, athandizira kusintha mawonekedwe ndi zokongoletsera za mundawo.
Chifukwa makatani masitepe, mutha kulumikiza mawonekedwe a malowo kukhala amodzi ndikusintha dimba, ndikupatsanso chithumwa chodziwika bwino komanso chiphaso. Pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kuli malo komwe muyenera kukwera kuchokera pamlingo wina kupita kwina. Kuphatikiza magawo ambiri amtsambali, masitepe awiri akhoza kukhala okwanira. Ndipo ngakhale pabwino, lothimbirira, masitepe sikhala opepuka. Kutsika ndi kutsika kwapansi kumabweretsa mphamvu m'malo ozungulira, ndikupangitsa maderawo kukhala osiyanasiyana.
Kafukufuku wa kusintha ndi kusinthika mwa kupanga ma fomu ake umatchedwa geoplasty: //diz-cafe.com/vopros-otvet/planirovka/geoplastika-v-landshaftnom-dizajne.html
Masitepe amakhala ndi zida zopangira malo opangiramo tsambalo, kapangidwe kakhomo lanyumba ndi bwalo
Kutengera mtundu womwe adaphedwe, masitepe a m'munda amagawidwa kukhala mtembo ndi waulere: njira yoyamba imaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa makhoma, ndipo gawo lachiwiri amayikika panthaka.
Zida zopangira masitepe zitha kukhala: nkhuni, mwala wachilengedwe, njerwa, konkriti. Chachikulu ndikuti zomwe zimaliza masitepe zimafanana ndi mawonekedwe amalo.
Kwa munda wokongoletsedwa, masitepe opangidwa ndi kudula kwamatabwa ndi zomangamanga zamatabwa zokongoletsedwa bwino.
Ogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Art Nouveau popanga masitepe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti zojambula zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, momwe mungakhalire kuyala zokongoletsera zapamwamba. Potere, mbewu zokongoletsera zobzalidwa m'mphepete mwa masitepe zimatseka zosinthika kuchokera pamasitepe mpaka pansi. Chikhalidwe cha chikondi, mwachitsanzo, chimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala maluwa pamasitepe omwe amathandizira kuti pakhale malo owoneka bwino.
Mutha kudziwa kuti ndi maluwa ati omwe ali oyenera kubzala m'maluwa pazinthu: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/cvety-dlya-posadki-v-vazony.html
Masitepe amiyala okongoletsedwa ndi ferns, saxifrage komanso oteteza kukongoletsa dothi adzapangira bwino mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.
Malangizo ambiri pokonza masitepe
Mapangidwe ndi zomangidwe za masitepewo zimatengera malo omwe ali. Nthawi zambiri, masitepe amakhala ndi kuwongolera, koma kwa zosinthika zing'onozing'ono ndi masitepe ofatsa, kupezeka kwa kuwombera sikofunikira konse.
Mukamapanga masitepe, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kusokoneza mapulasitiki opereka chithandizo, chifukwa masinthidwe amitundu ingapo adapangidwa kuti azitsimikizira zabwino za tsambalo, pomwe akubisa zolakwika zake.
Kuganizira kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka masitepe, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino kuchuluka kwazomwe zimapangidwira komanso momwe zimakhalira. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa magawo ndi kukula kwake, muyenera kutenga ma slats awiri, omwe amamangidwa palimodzi kumanja. Kutha kwaulere kwa choyambirira kumayikidwa pamalo opezeka gawo lotsika, ndipo kumapeto kwa chikwangwani chachiwiri kumayikidwa pamalo oyika gawo lotsiriza. Kenako tazindikira kutalika kwa masitepe: Gawani kutalika kwa njanji yopingasa ndi chiwerengero cha masitepe. Mwa mfundo yomweyo, timawerengera kutalika kwa masitepe, titenga kutalika kwa njanji yopumira ngati maziko.
Kukula kwakwanthawi masitepewo ndi 30-40 masentimita okwera ndi masentimita okwana 10-12, koma zosankha zamunda zosintha multilevel nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu
Kutalika kwa masitepe kuyenera kufanana ndi kukwera kwa kukwera. M'lifupi lonse la masitepe amatsimikizidwanso ndi mulifupi wa njira zam'munda zomwe zimatsogolera. Makwerero onse, okulirapo pamunda wopanga luso: mipando yamkati ndi maluwa imatha kuyikidwa pambali ya masitepe oyandikira, ndipo matenthedwe amatha kulumikizidwa ndi mipesa yokongola komanso maluwa akukwera.
Mwachikhalidwe, masitepe amakhala ndi masitepe atatu kapena atatu. Mukakonzekera kumanga masitepe kuti muthetsetsetsetse, kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe kudutsa zidutswa za 12-14, ndikofunikira kuperekera.
Kuchokera kuuluka kwa masitepe mutha kupanga malo opumira pang'ono: ikani tebulo ndi benchi, ikani maambulera, ikani nyali yaying'ono
Ngati pakufunika kulumikizana magawo ang'onoang'ono, pomwe magawo atatuwo akuwoneka owoneka bwino, mutha kungoyanjanitsa tsambalo kapena kukonza zina zowonjezera.
Zomwe mungachite ngati eni eni tsambalo angaimirepo, mfundo zingapo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera masitepe:
- Kuwala Kuti malo athe kuyenda bwino mumdima, ndikofunikira kupereka kuwunikira mumsewu. Kuti muunikire masitepe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zomwe matayala ake otambalala amawongoleredwa pansi, komanso miyala yowala. Samachita khungu, koma amapereka kuwala kokwanira kuti asunthire masitepe motsimikiza.
- Malo osalozeka oterera. Monga zokutira zomaliza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosafunikira (mwala wopangidwa mwachilengedwe, matailosi okhala ndi matalala).
- Kuboola. Mukakonza masitepe kulumikiza masentimita 70 kapena kupitirira, kuti muwonjezere chitetezo, ndikofunikira kuperekera kukhalapo kwa kubangula. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo monga masitepe.
Chizindikiro china - kutsika pang'ono kwa 1-2% kuya kwakuya kwa phazi lililonse kumateteza madzi kuti asasunthike.
Okhala ndi nyumba zokhala ndi malo osasinthika adzapindulanso ndi zinthu zothandiza kulimbitsa makhoma ndi malo otsetsereka pamalowo: //diz-cafe.com/plan/ukreplenie-sklonov-na-uchastke.html
Nyali zoyikidwa bwino pamunda kuwonjezera pa cholinga chachikulu zimathandizira ngakhale masitepe wamba wamba kupanga zokongoletsera zenizeni pamalowo
Malo omwe adzipangira okha
Njira # 1 - kuchokera pazambiri
Kusankha kosavuta pokonzekera masitepe kuchokera ku masitepe ambiri. Mwa makonzedwe awo, zopumulira zimayikidwa mu malo okhala mkati mwa magawo awiri a tsambalo, ndipo zolowa pakati pa mabatani ndizodzaza ndi dziko lapansi.
Monga njira yosankhira bajeti, masitepe amagwiritsa ntchito matabwa amtundu, omwe amaikidwa pa nthiti pakati pa malo opangira poyimira ndipo amakhala ndi zikhomo kumbali zonse ziwiri
Ntchito yamapondayo imagwiridwa ndi dothi losakanizidwa kale. Kuti muwonjezere kuwuma kwa kapangidwe kake, kosours imagwiritsidwa ntchito - matabwa amtundu wina wamtali, omwe amaikidwa nthiti kuti akonze masitepewo. Mutha kupewa kuwonongeka kwa bolodi poyendetsa matsekezedwe a zikhomo mkati mwa bolodi.
Njira # 2 - kuchokera ku mitengo
Kupanga masitepe a mitengo kuchokera ku mitengo yomwe timafuna:
- Zipika za kutalika komweko;
- Zitsulo zachitsulo kapena zamatabwa;
- Makungwa pansi kapena miyala.
Timakumba ngalande m'litali lathunthu pamalo otsetsereka ndi kukonza dothi. Pansi pa phirilo timayendetsa zikhomo ziwiri kulowa pansi, pomwe gawo lotsika lidzapumira.
Tikuyika chipika choyamba pafupi ndi zikhomo, ndikudzaza malo kumbuyo kwake ndi dziko lapansi, osangowonjezera masentimita 5 m'mphepete, ndikuyika mosamala
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo, timayika mitengo ina, ndikupanga njira zotsatirazi. Timakonzekeretsa sitepe iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito khungwa kapena miyala yophwanyika.
Zithunzi zopangidwa ndi mitengo yozungulira ndizotchuka kwambiri. Amapangidwa kuchokera kumtengo ndi nthambi zazikulu za mtengo, kudula mitengo ndi mainchesi 10-15
Kuti muwonjezere moyo wautumikiridwe, mitengo iliyonse yamata imadulidwa ndi ma antiseptics apadera kapena mafuta a injini.
Njira # 3 - kuchokera pamwala
Mwala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira masitepe. Zingwe zozungulira, zopangidwa ndi diamondi, zopindika amakona zimatha kuyikidwa momwe mungafunire: monga nthaka yolimba kapena mipata yodzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi louma.
Kusunthika kwamtsogolo kwa masitepe wina ndi mnzake kumatsindika zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe ndikupangitsa mawonekedwe a dziko kukhala osangalatsa
Miyala yamiyala, iliyonse yomwe imalemera mozama, imayikidwa pa "pilo" ya 7-8 cm wamwala wosemedwa kapena mchenga ndikuyika matope a simenti. Kusoka pakati pa mbale kumatha kukonzedwa ndi yankho lomwelo, kapena kuwaza ndi mchenga, kupatsa mwayi wophukira udzu wokongoletsa.
Kuti tipewe kutseguka kwa nthaka ndikugwa kwa masitepe, ndikofunikira kumanga khoma losunga. Itha kuyikika kwathunthu kuchokera ku mwala wachilengedwewo kapena kumanga konkriti.
Masitepe, omwe amaphatikizidwa mwaluso potengera malo ozungulira komanso ophatikizika bwino, amatha kupanga zokongoletsa zenizeni pamalowa.
