Zaka 30 zapitazo, hybrid akupitiliza kupambana mitima ya wamaluwa. Mu yoshte pali chinachake cha jamu, koma m'malo mwake, zikuwoneka ngati currants. Zosakanikirana pafupifupi sizikugonjetsedwa ndi matenda aliwonse a fungalesi ndipo sizilombo zake. Mosiyana ndi currants, imatha kukula ngakhale kumadera ouma.
Yoshta amapindula kwambiri ndikuti zipatso zake zimapsa moyenera, ndipo simungathe kupeza chipatso chovunda mukakolola.
Kukulitsa chomera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kudula, kuika kapena mbewu, pa njira iliyonse ili ndi zofuna zake komanso malamulo.
Kubzala shrub yosangalatsa kuderalo sikukhala ntchito yovuta. Zinsinsi za momwe tingayambitsire yoshtu ndi momwe tingabzalidwe molondola, tidzakhala nawo m'nkhani ino.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kukula bwino kwa yoshta, pangani chitsamba cha jamu kapena currant pafupi nayo.
Kugawidwa kwa chitsamba Yoshta
Yoshta kuswana magawano chitsamba ndi wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pa kugwa, pamene pakufunika kufunika kokonzanso chitsamba. Musatengere nthawi yaitali kuti mutulutse mizu mutachotsa mizu.
Choyamba muyenera kufufuza mosamala shrub popanda kuwononga rhizome. Kenaka, yeretsani mizu ya dothi, yang'anani ndi mpeni. Pamene kugawanika ndikofunikira kusiya nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu zamphamvu pa tuber. Mizu iyenera kukhala yayikulu, yopangidwa, osati yoonongeka.
Zolinga pamagulu ziyenera kuzungulidwa ndi malasha opunduka, kenako zimakonzeka kubzala. Samalani pasadakhale za malo atsopano otsetsereka. Mipando ya mbande imakumba kwa akuya mamita mita ndi 50 cm mwake. Gawo lachitatu la dzenje liri ndi chisakanizo humus, superphosphate ndi phulusa.
Kenaka theka la maenje liri ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira mochuluka. Pambuyo pa madziwa, timabzala yoshtu pakati pa fossa ndikuika malire kwathunthu. Dzina lakuti Yoshta limachokera ku mawu awiri achi German: yohannisBeere - currant ndi stachelBeere - jamu, Yo-Sta.
Mukudziwa? Ndibwino kuti muthe kusonkhanitsa zipatso zopitirira 8 kg kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi!
Yoshta kubereka mwa kuika
Imodzi mwa njira zosavuta zowonjezera yoshta ndi kupyolera. Kufalitsa kungakhale kosasunthika, zowoneka kapena zowonongeka. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa njirazo sikulu, koma pafupifupi pafupifupi onse amapereka zotsatira 100% kumera.
Mizere yowongoka ndi yomangika
Kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwiri zoberekera za yoshta ndizochepa. Choyamba, ife timalingalira momwe tingabzalitsire yoshtu malo osakanikirana. M'chaka, dziko likayamba kutentha, chinthu choyamba ndi kukumba nthaka pafupi ndi chomeracho.
Ndibwino kuchotsa udzu wonse ndikuwonjezera kompositi kapena feteleza wina pansi. Komanso, nthaka iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala pamtunda.
Pambuyo popanga mphukira zakuya patsogolo pa mphukira yanu yosankhidwa. Zipatso ziyenera kukhala chaka ndi chaka kapena biennial, ndi kukula kwakukulu. Pang'onopang'ono mukugwedeza nthambi, iikeni mu groove, yikani ndi kuwaza mopepuka ndi dziko lapansi. Kamba kawirikawiri kamathandiza kuthandizira nthambi pansi popanda zopweteka.
Pamene mphukira zimafika pakukula kwa pafupifupi 10-15 masentimita, zimadetsedwa ndi nthaka yonyowa kapena humus mpaka pakati pa mphukira. Ndi bwino kupatulira nthambi ya amayi ndikubwezeretsanso zigawo zatsopano kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa, ngakhale kuti miyezi yoyamba imayambira kale.
Pamene kuswana chitsamba yambani njira amagwiritsa ntchito mofananamo. Nthambi yokha siikwanira kwathunthu, ndikupanga arc. Gawo lapakati la nthambi likuikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita pafupifupi 15, ndikusiya nsonga chabe kunja. Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, ndiyeneranso kulekanitsa nthambi ndi kubzala mphukira patapita chaka.
Mukakulira mumapiri osakanikirana ndi osakanikirana mutatha kusiyana ndi kholo la makolo likukula mofulumira. Mutabzala mphukira zotere, n'zotheka kupeza zokolola zochuluka m'chaka chachitatu.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi zina yoshtu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito yokongoletsa munda.
Kuyala kwawunjika
Ngati mwasankha kufalitsa shrub vertic otvodkom, ndiye muyenera kuyamba izi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kambiranani mwachidule amayi a shrub, osasiya njira zosapitirira 15 masentimita. Mukasamalira mosamala ndi kuthirira mosakanizidwa mudzalandira kukula kwakukulu ndi mphukira zambiri zachangu mwamsanga. Kusamba madzi ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zakudya zowonjezera zakudya kukuthandizani ndi izi.
Nthawi yoyamba imatulutsa mphukira yomwe imafunika kukula pamene imakula mpaka pafupifupi masentimita 15. Chitsamba chiyenera kukhala pakati pa nthaka yonyowa kapena kompositi. Pofuna kuti nthambi zisabwere palimodzi, kulumikizidwa kwadothi kukhale kolimba. Pambuyo pa milungu itatu, bwerezani ndondomekoyi. Hilling ndi yabwino kwambiri pakapita mvula.
Mukamayambitsa yoshta kachiwiri, madzi pansi kwambiri. Zigawo zimadulidwa kubzala chaka chotsatira kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena autumn.
Yoshta zobala zipatso
Njira ina yobereketsera yoshta - cuttings. Pali mitundu iwiri ya cuttings: zobiriwira ndi zobiriwira. Njira zokolola zimasiyanasiyana. Momwe mungayambitsire tizidothi ta yoshtu, tafotokozedwa pansipa.
Mitengo yambiri
Kubzala kwa yoshta ndi zipatso zowonjezera, ndi bwino kuti musankhe mphukira zakukhwima za nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu zakubadwa. Ndi bwino kutenga nawo mbali kotuta kumapeto kwa September, chifukwa timadontho timene timabzala panthawiyi timakhala ndi nthawi yozukula bwino komanso nthawi yozizira. Pa tsiku lodulidwa, yoshta mphukira ayenera kugawidwa mu cuttings mpaka 20 cm kutalika, kusiya masamba 5-6 payekha. Pamwamba pa mphukira mumachita impso oblique.
Kubzala zipatso zimayenera kuchitika pa tsiku lokolola. Nthaka ya yoshta iyenera kukumbidwa bwino, kuchotsedwa namsongole, komanso chofunika kwambiri, bwino. Anabzala cuttings pamtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mtunda pakati pa mabedi uyenera kukhala osachepera 60 cm.
Cuttings abzalidwa pa ngodya ya madigiri 45. Ndipo pamwamba ayenera kukhala awiri masamba, ndi limodzi - pansi. Nthaka yozungulira mbande mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti ipewe mapangidwe a voids. Pambuyo pake, mabedi ayenera kumwa madzi ambiri ndi kuwaza peat.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati pazifukwa zina mumayimitsa kubzala, ndiye kuti cuttings ikhoza kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndikuikidwa mu mchenga wouma. Koma m'chaka chiri bwino kuti tisachedwe kukwera. Mwamsanga nyengo ikatha, chomera cuttings pa mabedi!
Green cuttings
Kubalana ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kumatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zofulumira kwambiri zopezera mbande za yoshta. Kukolola kusankha wamtali, tchire wathanzi. Ndi amayi owonjezera, cuttings ikhoza kudulidwa kambirimbiri m'chilimwe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa June kuchokera kumtunda nthambi, yachiwiri - pambuyo regrowth ndi bwino kuchokera mbali nthambi, nthawi yachitatu - kumayambiriro September.
Kutalika kwa zidutswa zadulidwe zisakhale zosapitirira 15 masentimita. Mutatha kudula cuttings, muyenera kuwamasula ku masamba, ndikusiya awiri apamwamba. Musanabzala mu okonzeka greenhouses, cuttings ikhoza kumalimbikitsidwa mu kukula kulikonse kokondweretsa.
Kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha sikovuta kwambiri. Thirani madzi atsopano mu chidebe cha matabwa ndi chingwe choyera, mchenga wonyezimira pamwambapa. Mutabzala mu greenhouses chivundikiro ndi zojambulazo. Kuwasamalira kwakukulu ndiko kuthirira nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pa rooting ndi cuttings, filimuyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa ndipo posakhalitsa inaikidwa kuti ikule.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito cuttings kumtunda kwa mphukira.
Kubzala mbewu za yoshta
Ngati simukufuna kukonzekera cuttings, mukhoza kulima yoshtu ku mbewu. Mbewu imafesedwa m'dzinja, m'chaka chomwe adasonkhanitsidwa. Ngati munayamba kubzala m'chaka, mbewuzo zimafunika stratification ya miyezi itatu. Zimasungidwa pamalo amdima - mumchenga wouma.
Nthaka ya mbande iyenera kukhala bwino umuna, kukumba ndi kutsukidwa namsongole. Kwa yoshty kupanga mabedi osaya, omwe pambuyo pofesa kuthirira madzi. Kawirikawiri amawombera amawoneka m'dzinja, kawirikawiri kasupe. N'zotheka kubwezeretsa pamalo osungiramo malo okhalapo zaka ziwiri.
