Wofesa aliyense amafuna kuchita chinthu chimene amakonda - munda - osati m'chilimwe komanso m'nyengo yozizira.
Pochita izi, anthu anabwera ndi malo obiriwira - nthaka zotetezedwa, kumene mungathe kulima mbewu zosiyana mu nyengo ndi kutentha.
Ngati mwamanga kale wowonjezera kutentha ndipo mukuyang'ana mitundu ya tomato yomwe ingakhale ikukula pa tsamba lanu, ndiye yankho lili m'nkhaniyi.
Zosiyanasiyana "Budenovka"
Akulozera mitundu ya masewera, pamene ikukula masiku 105 - 100 mutatha kumera.
Okhazikika m'malo, okwera kwambiri (mpaka mamita 1.5). Chitsamba chikuwoneka chofooka, chiribe mphamvu yooneka. Zipatso zazikulu, kulemera kufika pa 0.3-0.4 makilogalamu, mtima woboola pakati ndi pang'ono malekezero mapeto, ribbed pamwamba, pinki.
Mnofu ndi wowometsera kwambiri, wandiweyani, kukoma kwake kumakhala koyenera, osati kokoma kwambiri. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mukhoza kusonkhanitsa 4 - 5 makilogalamu zipatso. Kukaniza vuto lochedwa kwambiri ndi matenda ena odziwika a tomato kumachitika. Musasokoneze.
Maluso:
- Zipatso ndi zokongola, zokoma
- matenda osagonjetsedwa
- osangowonongeka
Zofooka zosadziwika.
Kufesa mbewu kuyenera kuchitidwa 50 - 55 masiku asanabzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha. Monga chodzala, mungagwiritse ntchito mbewu zonse zomwe munagula ndi zanu. Koma muyenera kulingalira bwino mbeu, ndipo ndibwino kuti muwone momwe zimatha kumera. Kuti muchite izi, perekani mbeuyi mu njira ya saline (masentimita 1.5%) ndipo musankhe mbewu zomwe sizinafike pamwamba.
Zomwe zili ndi zotsalira zoyenera kubzala ndi makaseti, ndi mabokosi wamba, ndi miphika yapadera yomwe ingagulidwe.
Monga dothi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosakaniza, yomwe imapindula ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo ta nkhungu zomwe zingawononge mbande. Mukamadzaza zitsime zanu muyenera kusindikizidwa mosamalitsa.
Kufesa mbewu zomwe mukufunikira muzitsulo zosalimba kapena grooves ndikugona ndi nthaka kusakaniza. Kuti mbande mwamsanga anakwera, muyenera kuphimba chidebe ndi filimu. Koma mbeu ikadzangobwera, filimuyo idzachotsedwa.
Mbewu imakonda kuwala kochulukira, kotero muyenera kuyiyika pamalo abwino kapena pansi pa nyali zapadera. Kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomwe zimakhala bwino zidzakhala 22-25 ° С, panthawi ya quenching ziyenera kutsetsereka kufika 17-20 ° С. Kuthirira mbande zazing'ono ziyenera kuyamwa, ndipo zakula kale zitsamba - mu poto.
Ndikofunika kupukutira mbande pamene yayamba mpaka mamita asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Feteleza imapangidwa 3-4 nthawi pa nthawi ya kukula ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri. Muyenera kupanga zamoyo, zowonongeka ndi opanga kukula. Kwa mitundu ngati "Budenovka", ikukwera mu mbeu zitatu pa 1 sq. M.
Ndikondweretsanso kuwerenga za zizindikiro za kukula kwa tomato.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula tomato wowonjezera kutentha ndikuteteza chinyezi chochuluka pansi. Choncho, izi zimayenera kuthirira madzi nthawi zambiri, koma sizinaphule. Zimaloledwa kukwaniritsa njirayi masiku asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, komanso m'mawa kapena mumvula.
Masiku 10 mutabzala muyenera kupanga kuthirira koyamba. Kutentha kwa madzi kumafunika kukhala 20-21 ° C. Nthawi ya chitukuko cha phwetekere imagawanika kukhala yopanda mphamvu (isanayambe maluwa ndi maluwa) komanso yogwira (nthawi yamaluwa). Muzigawo zopanda mphamvu, voliyumu ya madzi pa unit unit ndi 4-5 malita, mu yogwira gawo, 10-12 malita.
Imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa wowonjezera kutentha - kuthekera kuteteza kutentha. Pa nyengo yonse yokula, kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira 26 ° C ndipo sayenera kugwa pansi pa 14 ° C. Spring imakhala ndi usiku kutentha. Kuti izi zisakhudze tomato, m'pofunikira kupereka wowonjezera kutentha ndi mpweya ndi kutentha kwa 16-17 ° C.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa phwetekere iliyonse ndi 19-21 ° C. Ngakhale kuti mitundu ya tomato "Budenovka" amatengedwa wodzichepetsa zomera, amafunika garter.
Kotero monga Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizolemera kwambiri, mphukira sungakhoze kuima ndi kuswa. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chilichonse chiyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo kapena kukonzedwa. Ndipo ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Komanso, kuti muteteze katundu wambiri pamtunda, muyenera kuika zomera.
Kwa kalasi ya "Budenovka" 3 - 4 maburashi amatha, koma chiwerengero chawo chiyenera kuchepetsedwa, ngati zipatso zambiri zimapangidwa. Mtundu wa "Budenovka" umayenera kudya phosphorous ndi potaziyamu nthawi zonse, choncho nthawi zonse mumayenera kupanga superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere.
Komanso amafunikira komanso organic feteleza. Chovala choyamba chiyenera kuchitika masiku 10 - 13 mutabzala. Chiwerengero cha chakudya choyenera chikhale 3 mpaka 4 pa nthawi yonse ya kukula ndi chitukuko.
Kukaniza mitundu "Budenovka" ku matenda osiyanasiyana sikulepheretsa matenda, makamaka mu kutentha kwa nyengo. Choncho, tifunika kuteteza.
Pofuna kuthetsa maonekedwe a matenda, m'pofunika kuchitira mbande ndi tchire ndi fungicides ndi adyo yankho. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu: patatha masiku 20 - 21 mutabzala, masiku 20 mutatha kuchipatala komanso nthawi ya maluwa okwana 3. Komanso nyengo isanayambe, muyenera kusintha masentimita 10 mpaka 15 kuti musamakhalepo ndi fungal spores.
Mafotokozedwe a "White filling"
Mitundu yodziwika, oyambirira (idzaphulika mu 2.5 - 3 miyezi). Mitengo ndi yotsika, mpaka 60 - 70 cm m'litali. Tchire tilibe thunthu, nthambi ili yofooka. Zipatso sizitali zazikulu, zolemera kufika 80-100 g, kuzungulira, zosalala, ndi zoyenera bwino, zofiira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, zokolola zikhoza kukhala makilogalamu 8 a zipatso zokolola kuchokera 1 mita mita. Pali chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa matenda. Zokwanira chozizira chosagwira. Zipatso pafupifupi musasokoneze.
Maluso:
- kukana kutsutsa
- zokolola zabwino
- mkulu khalidwe zipatso
Kuipa:
- zikhoza kukhudza matenda
Mbewu zazikulu. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala mbande ndikumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Onetsetsani kuti mukuwumitsa mbande kwa sabata ndi theka musanafike pansi. Mizu ya mphukira mu wowonjezera kutentha ikhoza kukhala nthawi ya May 15-20, pamene palibe chisanu usiku. Ndikofunika kuti mufike molingana ndi dongosolo 50x30-40cm, pa 1 sq.m. Dothi lidzagwirizana bwino ndi zomera 7 mpaka 9. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi nthaka yakuda.
Njira zoyenera: kuthirira madzi ofunda, feteleza, kusunga kutentha. Izi zosiyanasiyana sizifuna garter, monga determinant. Mukamaliza kupuma mukhoza kusiya mapesi awiri kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri.
Matenda a phwetekere "Prince Black"
Nyamayi imayamba kubala chipatso masiku 110 mpaka 125 pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba.
Zitsamba zowonjezereka, zimatha kufika mamita 2.5 m. Zipatso ziri zosiyana, zimadalira kulemera kwake. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwake ndi 100 - 450 g, ndipo ndi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana.
Mtundu ndi wofiira, motero dzina. Zokolola zabwino, 4 - 5 kg ya zipatso akhoza kuchotsedwa ku chitsamba chimodzi. Tomato ndi okoma mu kukoma, koma pangakhale kuwawa pang'ono. Zimasonyeza kukana phytophthora.
Maluso:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso mu mawonekedwe ndi kulemera
- zokolola zazikulu
- Kulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa
Kuipa:
- zipatso zazikulu zasokonekera
Zitsamba zidzakhala bwino ngati mubzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, m'malo mofesa mbewu. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kulima mbande za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi.
Choyamba, mutangoyamba kufesa mbewu, zitsulozi ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwambiri (26 - 27 ° C) ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Chachiwiri, musanayambe kumera nthaka ayenera kukhala madzi nthawi zonse. Pamene mbande zawuka, ndiye kuti zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyenera - mbande zimafunika madzi, kutsanulira, manyowa.
Kufika kumapangidwa pachiyambi - pakati pa May. Pazithunzi 1. mita akhoza kutenga 3 - 4 mbande. Superphosphate kapena feteleza ena omwe ali ndi phosphorous ayenera kutsanuliridwa m'mabowo kapena mabedi, popeza Black Prince mitundu imafuna zinthu zambiri izi.
Zodabwitsa za chisamaliro: "Black Prince", monga mitundu yambiri, ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, monga tomato "chikondi" dothi lonyowa. Kutentha feteleza kumafunika kuyamba pamene iwo akuphuka. Nkofunika kuti manyowa onse azitsamba ndi feteleza.
Zosiyanasiyana "Kadinali"
Limatanthawuza tomato ya sredneranny, imabwera mu fruiting patapita masiku 110 - 115 mutatha kumera.
Mitengo yodalirika imakula mpaka mamita a hafu ndi theka.
Burashi yoyamba imayikidwa pa mlingo pamwamba pa mapepala 8 mpaka 9.
Zipatso pa brush iyi ndizokulu kwambiri - 0.7 - 0.8 makilogalamu. Matato ena onse amalemera limodzi ndi theka - kawiri.
Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, kuzungulira, kapezi wofiira. Kukoma ndi kokoma, mbewu mu chipatso ndizochepa.
Zokolola zazikulukuchokera 1 lalikulu. Mamita amatha kusonkhanitsa 7 - 8 makilogalamu a tomato.
Maluso:
- zipatso zokoma
- zokolola zochuluka
Zofooka sizikupezeka.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande ziyenera kumachitika kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa April. Njira yowonjezera mbande ndiloyenera. Mukadzala mu "msinkhu" wa mbande ayenera kukhala masiku 55 mpaka 70. Ndondomeko yobzala ndi 0.7x0.3x0.4 m. 3 - 4 baka za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala pamodzi palimodzi.
Zipangizo zamakono ndizokhazikika - kuthirira, kuthira, kuchotsa masitepe ndi feteleza.
Sakani "Honey drop"
"Honey drop" - nthumwi ya tomato yamatcheri.
Zitsamba zapamwamba, kutalika kufika 2 mamita, wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi masamba akulu.
Zipatso zing'onozing'ono, zopitirira 30 g, maonekedwe amafanana ndi dontho la madzi, amber-chikasu, okoma.
Zipatso zimakula mu masango, pangakhale 15 tomato pa nthambi imodzi.
Zokolola zazikulu.
Mndandanda wa "Honey drop" umagonjetsedwa ndi vuto lochedwa ndi blackleg.
Maluso:
- zipatso zokoma kwambiri komanso zapamwamba kwambiri
- zokolola zazikulu
- matenda otsutsa
Kuipa:
- popanda tchire kumakula kwambiri
Mbewu za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakula kwambiri. Kukula mbande kumafunika mwachizolowezi. Muyenera kubzala baka 45 - 50 cm.
Kusamalira tomato amenewa sikumasiyana ndi kulima mitundu ina yosakwanira. Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungalesi, tchire amafunika kuchiritsidwa ndi phytosporin.
Kalasi "Russian Russian"
Enanso zosiyanasiyana za tomato wakuda.
Sredneranny, ikubala m'masiku 110 - 155.
Chitsamba chiri champhamvu kwambiri, masamba ndi aakulu.
Kuthawa kumakhala kutalika kwa 1 - 1.5 mamita.
Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zoboola pakati, zowonjezera pamwamba, kufika mamita 150 g kulemera kwa kuwala kofiira ndi bulauni.
Kukoma kwavoteredwa bwino.
Kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, olimbana ndi mavuto.
Maluso:
- zabwino zipatso kukoma
- zokolola zazikulu
Zofooka zosadziwika.
Kukula mbande pogwiritsidwa ntchito mmera. Koma mungathe kugulira mbande. Palibe zolakwika kuchokera muyeso yowonjezera mbande za mtundu uwu.
"Russian Russian" sakusowa chisamaliro chapadera, choncho, tchire la phwetekereyi ukhoza kukula chifukwa cha chidziwitso chodziwika bwino.
Ndi tomato wotere wanu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi zonse amapereka tebulo lanu ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Chilakolako chabwino.
