Kuchokera pamitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu yambiri ya begonia (lat. Begonia), aliyense wobzala adzapezanso mbewu momwe angafunire. Duwa limawoneka lalikulu osati m'mundamo, komanso mkati mwanyumba. Popeza adapanga malo abwino okongoletsera malo otentha, sadzaika chisomo chake ngati maluwa oterera.
Begonia: chisamaliro chakunyumba
Kusamalidwa kwa Begonia sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira mbewu zina zokongoletsa maluwa. Sizitengera nthawi yayitali komanso chisamaliro, koma ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizikukula bwino sizawonetsa kukongola kwake konse. Kuti tisunge thanzi la maluwa, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera pawindo, kuwonetsetsa kutsirira ndi kuwongolera mlengalenga.
Maluwa amodzi mwa mitundu ya begonia
Njira zoyambirira - kusamalira begonias mutagula
Mukangogula, mudzafunika chisamaliro chapadera cha begonia. Ngati simugwira zochitika zapadera, duwa limatha, kutengera nthawi yayitali, kusinthika kwakanthawi kanyumba kapena osapatsa inflorescence muzaka zikubwerazi, kufa - kufa.
Momwe mungasamalire begonia mumphika kunyumba, kuti mphukira ndizophukira, ndipo zotuwa zimakhala zazitali komanso zowala:
- sankhani malo oyenera kuti mukule. Ngati duwa linabweretsedwa mnyumbayo nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, ndiye kuti windowsill kumbali yakumpoto ndiyabwino. Ngati begonia adawonekera mnyumba nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda zakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa kwawindo. Mbali yakum'mwera sioyenera kukula, monga kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kuwotcha masamba ndikuwatsogolera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a begonia;
- Osabzala nthawi yomweyo mumphika watsopano. Masabata awiri oyamba maluwa safunikira kusokonezedwa. Ngati kugula kudachitika nthawi yamaluwa, ndiye kuti siyikukhudzidwa mpaka mitengo yonse yamkuntho yagwa. Begonia iyenera kuululidwa pokhapokha nthaka ili yosauka;
- kutsatira zigawika. Ndi lingaliro limatanthawuza kudzipatula kwa mbewu pazomera zina. Izi ndizofunikira kuteteza maluwa ena apakhomo ku matenda omwe angatengedwe ndi tiziromboti. Muyenera kusankha malo okhazikika, chifukwa begonia ndizovuta kulekerera zovomerezeka;
- thirirani. Palibenso chifukwa chothirira madzi ndi kuthira manyowa kwa masiku asanu oyambira mpaka atatha kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri. Kudzaza chinyontho, chotengera chamadzi chimayikidwa pawindo.
Ngati begonia idalekerera nthawi yosinthira bwino, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso mavuto mukukula kwake mtsogolo.
Kusankha mphika ndi dothi kuti mubzale kapena kuikiratu
Zoweta zapakhomo zimasinthidwa:
- pambuyo pazolowera nthawi yogula;
- kulimbikitsa maluwa;
- osakhala ndi dothi labwino;
- kusefukira;
- Zomera zikamakula.
Tcherani khutu! Indoor begonia imakula mokwanira mu dothi lapadziko lonse kapena yapadera ma violets, omwe amakhala ndi peat. Dziko lapansi liyenera kupitilira mpweya wabwino kuti zisagwe.
Nthaka ikhoza kukonzedwera mosadalira, komabe imabweretsa zovuta zambiri komanso phindu pang'ono. Pansi pa chidebe chopopera madzi ayenera kuyikidwa ndi chosanjikiza cha 2 cm.
Kodi kubzala begonia ndi kuti? Pakusintha kwina kulikonse, mphikawo umasankhidwa kutalika masentimita atatu kuposa woyamba. Zomera zimachotsedwa mosamala ndi dothi kuti zisawononge mizu.
Kudyetsa pafupipafupi
Begonia imafunika kuvala kovomerezeka pamtunda. Feteleza amamugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yonse ya maluwa mpaka kumapeto. Mapangidwe osakanizira a nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawonjezeredwa mumphika kawiri pamwezi.
Zambiri! Nitrogen ndiyofunikira pazomera zonse zokongoletsera, chifukwa chake chimayambitsa kukula kwa deciduous misa. Ngati mumapereka nayitrogeni wa nitonia panthawi ya maluwa, imataya masamba.
Njira yotentha
Duwa la Begonia limakonda kutentha kwapakati: nyengo yozizira imatha kukhalapo pa 15 ° C, m'chilimwe ku 22 ° C. Chomera sichilola kutentha kwambiri, ngati chisanu. Ngakhale kutentha kutapitirira bwino, kumakhala bwino kuposa madontho ake akuthwa. Ngati mukufuna kusamutsa mphikawo ku mikhalidwe ina, ndibwino kuti muzichita pang'onopang'ono.
Kutsirira koyenera
Kutsirira regimen kumadalira nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha, maluwa a begonia adzaphukira kukhala dothi lonyowa, pomwe muyenera kusamala kuti musasowe madzi ndikuwola kwa mizu. Kuthirira pang'ono kumachitika kamodzi kamodzi masiku atatu. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha ndipo mphika uli kumbali yakumwera, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kungafunike.
Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, muyenera kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa dothi loumbika. Itha kukhala yothira pomwe dothi lamtunda laphwa masentimita angapo.
Kwa begonia, njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira ndi kulowetsedwa kwa dothi. Izi zimachitika motere: mphika wokhala ndi mabowo umayikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi, dothi lenilenilo limatenga chinyezi chofunikira pa icho.
Zofunika! Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osalala kapena osasankhidwa.
Chinyontho cha mpweya wabwino
Chomera cham'malo otentha chimazolowera nyengo yachinyezi, choncho panyumba chimafunikiranso kupereka zofananira. Ngati m'nyumba mulibe chinyontho, chotengera cham'madzi chimayikidwa pafupi naye. Njira yachiwiri ndikunyowetsa mwa kufalitsa dothi kapena miyala yonyowetsedwa mu pallet. Chinyezi sikuyenera kugwera pansi pa 60%.
Tcherani khutu! Sizoletsedwa kupopera masamba kuchokera pamfuti yothira, izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti ziume, mapangidwe a mawanga a bulauni.
Kuwala kokwanira
Begonia iyenera kuti ibzalidwe bwino, pomwe malowo amasankhidwa kuti dzuwa lisatsike masamba ndi masamba. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imasanjidwa ndi denga kapena mtengo wowonekera.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Mvetsetsani kuti mbewu idwala, mutha kuchita izi:
- mphukira zowuma;
- tsamba likugwa;
- amadyera othodwa;
- kusowa kwa maluwa.
Kuti mumvetse zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa zizindikiro za moyo mu begonia, muyenera kudziwa bwino matenda wamba ndi majeremusi.
Masamba odwala matenda
Choyamba, muyenera kuwunika kukula kwa mbewu, nthawi zambiri imayamba kufota chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi kutentha kapena nyengo.
Pazifukwa ziti begonia imayamba kuvulaza:
- tsamba lowuma - kuthirira kosayenera, mtima bacteriosis;
- masamba akugwa ndi maluwa - mpweya wouma, madzi okwanira;
- kugwa masamba, kudetsa masamba ndi maluwa - kusokonekera kwamadzi m'nthaka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa;
- kutsika kwamasamba - kusankha malo olakwika okulira, mthunzi;
- kupotoza masamba kuchokera kumbali - mpweya wouma kapena nthaka;
- kuyanika masamba - kusowa kwovala pamwamba, kangaude;
- zokutira zomata pamasamba - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono;
- imvi mawanga pamasamba - zowola imvi;
- zokutira zoyera pamasamba - powdery mildew (zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha ndi mpweya wouma).
Ngati nsikidzi zikapezeka m'nthaka kapena pa mphukira, chithandizo chimachitika pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mphika umatengedwa kutali ndi maluwa ena kuti usatenge matenda.
Tizirombo tikuchichotsa mwakakonza, dothi limasinthidwa. Mutha kugula mankhwala osagwirizana ndi majeremusi mu shopu yamaluwa, njira ndi pafupipafupi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito malangizo.
Zofunika! Ndikofunikira kuti musangochotsa nsikidzi zomwe zilipo, komanso mphutsi zake.
Zinthu zosamalidwa nthawi yachisanu
M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umabweretsa mtendere. Bwino begonia liziloleza nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndipamenenso imaperekanso masamba m'chaka. Palibe masiku enieni pamene kuli koyenera kuyambitsa kufikitsa maluwa kukhala hibernation; muyenera kuyang'ana momwe zinthu ziliri.
Kutentha kwa mpweya mchipindacho kuyenera kusungidwa pa 16 ° C, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Ngati chipindacho ndichoposa 22 ° C, kuthirira kambiri kumakhalidwa, mbewuyo imakulabe ndikukula.
Tcherani khutu! Chifukwa chochepetsedwa masana, mphukira zimataya mtundu wawo ndi kutambalala.
Momwe angasamalire begonias nthawi yozizira: mphika umasinthidwa ndikuwala kowala, kunyezimira kwa dzuwa sikulinso kwangozi, sikuwotcha masamba. Dzuwa litalowa, chomera chimatha kupereka magetsi owunikira.
Begonia kumayambiriro kwamaluwa
Kuchokera mabatire ndi ma radiator ndibwino kusunthira mphikawo. Amawuma kwambiri mpweya, omwe begonia sakonda. Izi ndizofunda ndi kuyanika masamba. Ngati sizingatheke kusankha malo ena maluwa, magwero amoto amakutidwa ndi chinsalu chonyowa, kutuluka kwa chinyontho kumapereka mpweya. Chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti chinyontho chisagwere masamba, izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ndi bowa.
Kodi kubzala begonia mumphika watsopano nthawi yozizira? M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kusasokoneza chomera. Mizu imazolowera kwatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo pakupita kwa nthawi komanso kukula pang'onopang'ono, mwina sikungazike mizu.
Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonia chaka chonse, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kukonzekera dzinja. M'malo mwake, amapereka kutentha kwa mpweya wofunda komanso chowonjezera chowunikira. Mitundu ya maluwa okha ndi yomwe imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere m'nyengo yozizira.
Begonia ikhoza kuikidwa mu kasupe kumayambiriro kwa kukula.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati begonia sikutuluka
Begonia imakhala ndi phindu chifukwa chamaluwa ake obiriwira. Ngati masamba sanawonekere mchaka, izi ziyenera kumuchenjeza woperekayo kuti amukakamize kuchita zina.
Chifukwa chiyani begonia sichimasamba:
- kuthirira kwambiri kapena kusakwanira;
- kusowa kwa kuwala;
- kutentha kosayenera;
- kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa chakudya;
- zolemba;
- kusintha kwamalo pafupipafupi.
Ngati mbewuyo itafooka, ndiye kuti michere yonse imapita kukakhala ndi moyo, ndiye kuti palibe mphamvu zokwanira kuphuka.
Chifukwa chachiwiri chomera sichimamera ndi kachilombo ka majeremusi. Ngati tizirombo taoneka nthawi ya maluwa, ndiye kuti masamba atha kuguluka mwachangu.
Chomera chimafooka ngati nthawi yachisanu sichidapatsidwe mtendere. Ndikosavuta kupanga chomera chamaluwa chaka chonse, motero kupuma kwa miyezi itatu kumafunikira.
Zimachitika kuti chifukwa chake chagona kwambiri, zomwe si aliyense wofesa yemwe anganene. Maluwa atha kukhala osayenera dothi lomwe limakula, ngalande, komanso mphika.
Zambiri! Begonia limamasula atakula. Mpaka kupitirira mphete zisanu pamwamba pa tsinde lake, sipadzakhala mphamvu zokwanira ndi michere yokwanira kuphukira. Kubalana kumachitidwanso pamene chomera chikakula.
Maluwa amatha kusinthidwa. Masana masana amasinthidwa mwanjira mpaka maora 9 (mbewu imakutidwa ndi filimu yakuda kapena nsalu). Mwambowu umachitika tsiku lililonse kwa milungu iwiri. Kuwala kochepa masana kumayambitsa maluwa. Munthawi imeneyi, feteleza wovuta amamuthira dothi. Pambuyo pake, maola masana amawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri. Masamba akatsegulidwa, mutha kusiya kupanga zoopsa.
Zomera zingapangidwe bwanji
Tcherani khutu! Asanakhale maluwa, mphukira zimang'ambika katatu. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zonse sizingatenge kutalika, koma kubzala masamba.
Momwe mungasamalire makolo opopa ayamba kuphuka
Nthawi yamaluwa imatha ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira yoyamba. Masamba opukutidwa, masamba owuma, mphukira zomwe zimayendetsedwa mkati zimachotsedwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange mbewuzo mobwerezabwereza. Muyenera kudula mbewuzo ndi mpeni wakuthwa bwino, kuwaza malo odulira ndi makala okhazikika kapena phulusa.
Phula la Begonia limatha kusilira kwa nthawi yayitali, koma chifukwa cha kukongola kwa mtengowo, amafunika kuthandizira pang'ono, ndikupereka kukula koyenera. Kukongola kwa girlish, monga momwe amatchulanso begonia, ndikosapeweka, koma kusazindikira kwa mfundo zina kungakhudze kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa.
