Mwini mwiniwake wodalitsika mahekitala 6 kapena malo olimba, kumene mukukonzekera bizinesi yanu yakukula ndi kugulitsa zinthu zaulimi, funso la kusankha njira zokula ndi mbande, ndi masamba oyambirira adzawuka.
Kulima zomera zosiyanasiyana kumunda, makamaka mmalo mwa ulimi woopsa, ndi kosadziŵika bwino. Ndipo ngati n'zotheka kukhazikitsa imodzi kapena zingapo zowonjezera zokonza, mwiniwake akhoza kudziona kuti ali ndi mwayi.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri wamaluwa ndi osamalira wamaluwa amakonda zochepa, zophweka kupanga komanso ndalama za greenhouses, omwe angapangidwe kwenikweni kuchokera ku zipangizo.
Chikhalidwe chilichonse chiri ndi wowonjezera kutentha?
Pafupifupi miyambo yonse ndi yabwino kukula m'mabwinja. Ndipotu, eggplants, mavwende, tsabola ndi tomato - Kumadzulo, omwe salola kuleza kutentha, akhoza kupha mbande ngakhale pang'ono. Mu gawo loyamba Zithunzi za filimu zimafunika kuti akhalebe ndi microclimate nthawi zonse. Zidzathandiza kuteteza zomera kuchokera matalala, mame ndi mphepo, m'dzinja chisanu.
Zamasamba
Ndi bwino kukula masamba ambiri mu filimu yotchedwa greenhouses, mabokosi opangidwa ndi mafelemu ndi polyethylene kapena galasi, tunnel.
Mitengo Yowonjezera Kutentha amachokera ku arcs, omwe amaikidwa pamtunda wa mamita 1, 5 kuchokera mzake. Pa arcs awa mwamphamvu mwamphamvu pulasitiki Manga.
Mphepete mwa zomera zoterezi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha humus ndi manyowa, masamba, omwe amachoka, amawotcha mizu ya zomera ndi mpweya pansi pa filimuyo. Mu mini - malo ogulitsira zomera ndi bwino kukula nkhaka, tomato osakaniza, zukini, sikwashi.
Mabokosi amadzaza ndi manyowa opangidwa ndi mafelemu omwe ali ndi galasi kapena filimu ali abwino kukula tomato, tsabola.
Kwa kuwomba Kumapeto kwa May - June, misewu imatsegulidwa kuchokera kumodzi kapena mbali zonse. Pa masiku otentha, filimuyo imachotsedwa kwathunthu kapena theka, kuphimba masamba okha usiku. Mu theka lachiwiri la July - August, filimuyi imateteza zomera kuchokera kuzizira zazing'ono ndikuzisunga. Ngakhale pamapeto a August mudzatha kudya madyereka achinyamata ndi zukini.
Biringanya
Chimodzi mwa zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiriakufunikira kutetezedwa - eggplant. Nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukonzekera kugwa.
Pambuyo pochotsa dothi la pamwamba pa 0, 5 - o, mamita 8 akuya, mumtsinje anaika nsanamirazo, zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ku bolodi. Ndibwino kupanga makoma awiri a mipanda.zomwe zimasungira bwino. Pambuyo pochotsa zotsalira za nsongazo, mapesi ndi masamba a bokosi, dulani nthaka.
Thirani madzi bwino ndi kupiritsa mankhwalawa: Buluji - 100 magalamu pa mita iliyonse, kapena formalin, 250 magalamu a 40 peresenti yothetsera yomwe imayeretsedwa ndi malita 10 a madzi ndikutsanulira pansi, kumene mbande zazing'ono zimakula.
Izi zingathandize kusunga mbande zonse.
Kale muFebruwari - March, azimayiwa amafesa mbewu za eggplants m'mimba yosamalira ana. Kwa masabata awiri ndi atatu musanabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha kumene chipinda chimakula, chimatsitsimutsa kufika madigiri 15 mpaka 18. Kwa sabata asanadzale, amadyetsedwa ndi organic feteleza, amachiza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Mukhoza kugwiritsa Bordeaux madzi, mukhoza kupindula.
Mu greenhouses biringanya akhoza kubzalidwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za June. Ngati nyengo imakhala yotentha, dzuŵa limatenthedwa, nthawi zambiri zimadutsa.
Pansi pazowonjezera kutentha kwa sabata imodzi sabata lisanayambe kubzala mbewu, manyowa amatsanuliridwa, kenako pansi. Pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha opangidwa ndi polyethylene. Mu zomera zotere, zomera zimakula ndikukula bwino: ngati kuli kofunikira, mafelemu ndi osavuta kukweza kapena kutsegula mpweya wabwino.
Ndikofunika kukumba ndi kumasula nthaka.
Mabowo ndi masentimita 16 mpaka 20 apangidwa kutalika kwa mamita 40 mpaka 50 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ndi bwino kudzala mbande mu mzere umodzi, koma ngati mutasunga malo, mukhoza kubzala eggplants mozungulira, ndikukula mtunda wa masentimita 10.
Lowani kwambiri Mbewu 3 maola asanamweke, izi zimathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Madzi otentha amathiridwa m'madzimendiye mosamala muike chitsamba mmenemo, muchiwaza ndi nthaka.
Pambuyo pa kuziyika, muyenera kudyetsa mbewu iliyonse.
Zipatso zapopu zowonjezera zowonjezera zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zomwe zimakula pamtunda, choncho, pamene zikukula akufunika kumangiriza. Imwani madzi mosamala, pamene mizu ili pafupi kwambiri. Kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyendayenda, kudyetsa katatu pa mwezi - ndipo mbeu idzakuyambitsani.
Wweramitsani
Khalani anyezi pansi pa filimuyi zosavuta. Mungagwiritse ntchito chivundikiro chophweka cha filimu, ndi zojambula zojambula zowonjezera, ndi bokosi.
Kukolola koyamba Pulogalamu yobiriwira ingapezeke mwa kubzala anyezi mu kugwa. Anyezi amakula bwino pamene biringanya, phwetekere kapena beetroot anali oyambirira.
Ngati mubzala izo cholembera kukakamiza, mukhoza kulima sevok pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzakengati mukusowa turnipimbani izo patali 25 - 30 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Mukamaliza ndi kubzala, kuphimba bedi ndi wosanjikiza wa peat, nthambi, filimu. Chakumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, malo ogona akhoza kuchotsedwa, mabedi ayenera kuthiridwa bwino ndi zokuta ndi mafelemu ndi galasi, polyethylene kapena polycarbonate.
Nthenga yobiriwira imatha kuchotsedwa patatha masabata 3 mpaka 4.
Ngati mutayima anyezi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, mudzakolola mbewu yoyamba mu May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June. Musaiwale kumwa madzi anyezi, kudyetsa ndi kuwulutsa pamasiku otentha.
Kabichi
Zophweka kwambiri kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kabichi. Pofuna kukolola, muyenera kusamalira mbewu. Mbewu zoyamba kucha kucha kabzalidwa mmera mabokosi okhala ndi kuwala, nthaka yolemera mkatikati mwa mwezi wa February.
- Pakuti kukula kwa kabichi wowonjezera kutentha ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito anakaikidwa mu bokosi la pansi ndi makoma awiri, omwe amatha kusunga kutentha bwino komanso osalola nthaka kuphuka pa zomera. Chakumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, muyenera kuwamasula kuchokera ku chisanu, fufuzani momwe mafelemu omwe mutsegulire wowonjezera.
- Pambuyo maonekedwe a woyamba tsamba mbande ayenera swoop pansi, atakhala pamtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera mzake.
- Wowonjezera kutentha mudzaze zachilengedwe, yomwe, ikawonongeka, imayaka nthaka bwino. Pamwamba anatsanulira chisakanizo cha soddy humus, nthaka yakuda ndi nthaka. Pamene kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi madigiri 20, mungathe kupanga makapu ndi mphukira zanu, ndikupatsani mbeu kuti muzolowere kachilombo kakang'ono musanamwe. Koma ambiri anabzala kabichi nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka.
- Kutalikirana pakati pa mbande sayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita asanungati mukufuna kudzala kabichi mutseguka. Ngati ikukula pansi pa filimuyo, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 40 - 50 centimita.
- Kuthirira amafuna chisamaliro chapadera: Mufunika kuthira nthaka yonse, kutsanulila 1-2 malita pa mbeu iliyonse, osachepera matabwa atatu a madzi pa 1 mita imodzi. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, onetsetsani kuti madzi samagwera pa masamba, kotero kuti nthaka yomwe ili pamunsi pa zimayambira siidatsukidwe. Osati kutsanulira madzi onse mwamsanga, onetsetsani kuti watengeka kwambiri. Kuthira kwakukulu - 1 nthawi 10 - 15 masiku. Ngati nyengo ikuwotha ndi kutenthetsa, kuthirira kabichi ndikofunikira kamodzi pa masiku 3-4, kuteteza nthaka kuti iume.
Mitu yoyamba ya kabichi yoyera ndi njira iyi yobzala ikhoza kudula kale pakati pa July.
Beijing kabichizomwe, pofuna kukula bwino ndi kukalamba, zimafuna kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera madigiri 15 mpaka 25 ndipo kuwala kwakukulu, kumamera bwino monga greenhouses - tunnels, ndi mabokosi. M'nyengo yotentha kuchokera pamalo amodzi mukhoza kupeza mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mitengo yoyambirira imabzalidwa mu malo obiriwira pansi pa filimuyi pakati pa April, Kumapeto kwa kucha - pakatikati pa mwezi wa June. Kabichi ya Beijing imayimitsa kutentha pansi pa zero, kotero mukhoza kuchotsa mu wowonjezera kutentha pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Kudyetsa kumasowa zomera, kuti asiye kukula: kamodzi mu masiku 7-10, onetsetsani kuti mumwa madzi a kabichi ndi urea njira pa mlingo wa 2 spoons pa ndowa, organic feteleza. Mitundu iyi imayankha bwino feteleza ndi zitosi za mbalame, kuchepetsedwa 1:20 ndi madzi.
Radishi
Kukula radish mu wowonjezera kutentha muyenera sankhani malo owala kwambiri - Chomera sichimalola kulephera kwa dzuwa.
Zobzala m'malo obiriwira, mizu imeneyi ingakhale kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popita mbewu zazikulu kwambiri monga radish wakula kuchokera kuzing'ono zomwe nthawizonse zimakhala ndi muvi.
Radishes akhoza kufesedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndipo kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa August, chivundikirochi chikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti mukolole nyengo.
Zomera
Mu wowonjezera kutentha masamba akhoza kukula pamayambiriro a May. Dill, letesi, watercress, mpiru, parsley osati mantha ndi chisanu. Ndizotheka kubzala masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha okonzeka mu autumn kumayambiriro kwa April. Chophimba cha filimuyi chidzateteza ku chisanu ndi kutentha. Musaiwale kumwa madzi mbande, kutulutsa wowonjezera kutentha pa masiku a dzuwa. Panthawi imene chimangidwe chikafunika ku mbewu zina, masamba amawoneka kale kunja, koma mkati mwa miyezi 1 - 1, miyezi 5, kutentha kwa April-May, kudzakhala kopindulitsa, kukukondetsani ndi mavitamini oyambirira.
Kawirikawiri kanema kanatambasuka pa arc Pamwamba pa katsabola kapena saladi amatha kupereka malo ogona, omwe angathandizenso kupeza nthawi yokolola kwambiri.
Maluwa
Malo ogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ndi malo osungira zomera pamene kukula maluwa ndizofunika kotero kuti chisanu mwadzidzidzi sichiwononga zipatso za ntchito yanu.
Nthawi zambiri pofuna chitetezo cha mbande ya maluwa ndipo kale amapanga zomera ntchito malo otsekemerakukoka filimuyi pa chiopsezo cha chisanu.
Malo oterowo amakulolani kuti mufulumire kukula kwa mbande, kuti muyang'ane nthawi ya maluwa.
Mitengo, mazira, ma crocuses, viola ndi ena ambiri adzakondwera ndi maluwa mwezi umodzi asanakhale ngati akukula mu greenhouses - mabokosi ngakhale pansi pa filimuyi.
Froberries
Pofuna kufotokoza momwe fruiting ya mbewuyi idzathandizire msewu, filimu yomwe ingakhale yosamutsidwa mosavuta kuti ipange mpweya wabwino. Kawirikawiri, pamene mukukula strawberries mu greenhouses, m'manda ndi mitsempha yotsekedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndondomeko yosinthidwa.
Malo ogulitsira matope iwo amakhala pamabedi ndi strawberries kale mu April, pofika pakati pa July filimuyo ingachotsedwe, pakati pa July - August filimuyi yotereyi imatha kubweranso.
M'nyengo yozizira chilimwe m'madera olima strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha pafupifupi pafupifupi nthawi zonse pansi, chifukwa zomera zochepa sizikufuna kuchuluka kwa zofunda.
Mavwende
Bedi lalikulu la dothi la mchenga, lopangidwa mu bokosi lokhala ndi makoma a matabwa ndilofunikira kuti mutenge bwino ndikukula mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Mafelemu ali ndi galasi kapena filimu yakuda idzaziteteza chikhalidwe chofatsa kuyambira kasupe chisanu. Pamene chikhalidwe cha mimba chikukula, kutalika kwa malo ogona kungasinthe mosavuta ndi chithandizo cha arcs, zomwe zimayikidwa mu nthaka kutalika kwa 1 mpaka 1.5 mamita.
Madzi nthaka mu greenhouses Nthawi 1 mu masiku 3 - 4. Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za kuthirira zipatso kuwonjezeka.
Kumbukirani kuti ngati munabzala mbande kwambiri, poyesa kusunga malo, chiwerengero cha mazira ambiri chidzakhalapo, koma zipatso zokha - zochepa. Mtunda wokwanira ndi wolemera masentimita 40 mpaka 60.
Nkofunikira: mavwende abwino musalolere namsongole, Choncho, osati kuthirira, kutsegula komanso kuvala, komanso kupalira nthawi zonse kumafunikira kukolola.
Zokondweretsa: kutha kwa kuthirira kwa masabata 3 mpaka 4 tsiku lokolola ndi kubwezeretsedwe kwa chivundikiro cha mafilimu, kuti mvula isagwe mu bedi la munda, thandizani kupeza osati kokha mwakukhwima, komanso zokoma, zotsekemera zipatso.
Mmera
Oyenera mbande mitundu iliyonse ya malo obiriwira. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kupezeka kwa mbande ndi kosavuta.
Ndi bwino kuika kale dive zomera greenhouses, kuikidwa mu makapu.
Kutseguka kwamuyaya greenhouses mu kasupe zosayenera chifukwa pali ngozi hypothermia mbande. Ndi makonzedwe ameneŵa, mbande ya nthawi yothirira ndi kuthirira feteleza imatenga zocheperapo pofesa mbewu pansi.
Kufesa pa mabedi ofunda pansi pogona kupita kumalo osatha zabwino kwambiri nkhaka, mavwende, zukiniomwe sakonda kusintha.
Ganizirani mozama kusankha malo Kuti mukhale wowonjezera kutentha, payenera kukhala kuwala kwa dzuwa kotero kuti mbande zisadumidwe, ndi mapesi aatali kwambiri.
Pamene kutentha kumayamba kufika pa madigiri 18 mpaka 20 patsiku, mukhoza kuyamba kuwomba, kuuma kwa mbande: kutseguka koyamba kwa 10 - mphindi 20, pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera nthawi kwa maola 3 mpaka 4.
Musanadzale mbande, nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha imathiridwa mochuluka kuti asawononge mizu pamene ikumba.
Kutsiliza
Malo osungira malo ogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta amapereka chithandizo chofunikira kwa onse omwe alimi ndi alimi a malo akuluakulu. Ndi kusankha bwino mtundu wowonjezera kutentha, malo omwe amapangira ndi zipangizo zofunda, iwo kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuzizira, imfa ya mbande ndi zomera zachinyamata, yonjezerani nthawi ya fruiting, kuthandizani kupeza nthawi yokolola kwambiri ya masamba, masamba ndi zipatso.
