Iwo amati zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo zimakhala zovuta zaka, zokongoletsera zokha za nyumba zamagulu komanso nyumba zazing'ono za kumidzi zinali begonia yofiira. Pokhala odzichepetsa monga ambuye ake, iye adakula mowonjezereka, ngakhale mwatsatanetsatane pambali ya nyumba zosauka. Ndipo anasangalatsa anthu okhala mnyumbamo, akutsalira kukumbukira ubwana wokondwa. Maluwawa akadali njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene amayamba kukhala wolima.
Kufotokozera za mkati chomera begonia krasnolistnaya
Dzina lina la begonia lofiira ndi Fista. Iye anabwera ku Ulaya kuchokera ku South America. Timachitcha kuti chifukwa masamba ali ndi mitundu iwiri panthawi imodzimodzi: mbali yawo ya pansi ndi yofiira kapena burgundy, ndipo chapamwamba ndi yobiriwira. Fomu - kamodzi kothamanga. Amachitika popanda malire. Kukula kwamasamba kumachokera pa 8 mpaka 15 cm m'litali ndi kuchokera 8 mpaka 12 m'lifupi. Zimayambira maluwa mwamphamvu movutikira pansi, komabe amawoneka mchere wawo wa emerald. Koma limamasula mumitundu yochepetsetsa - maluwa ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wa pinki. Ngati begonias ngati eni, maluwa amatha kuyambira mu December mpaka June. Malingana ndi kutalika kwake, nkhonya ili mkati mwa masentimita 25.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kuti nkhanza ndi mbadwa yazitentha. Kumeneko kumakula ndi kutentha kwamtunda. Ndipo m'nyumbayo ayenera kupanga zofanana.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Apanso, nkoyenera kubwereza kuti izi sizinayesedwe kwa begonia yakufiira. Koma pali malamulo ena omwe maluwawo ayenera kukhala aakulu kuti athe kukhala mosamala m'nyumba.
Miyezo ya Kuunikira
Maluwa amenewa amakonda kuwala kosavuta, ndipo maluwa okongoletsera amakhala okongola kwambiri. Choncho begonias wofiira kwambiri amakhala pawindo lawindo lawindo, lomwe limayang'ana kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, duwa likusowa thandizo - kuyambitsa magetsi. 
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
Maluwa awa amasangalala kwambiri pa 20 ... + 24 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, zizindikiro za kutentha zingakhale zochepa, koma zosachepera 15 ° С. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kukudumpha kufika 30 ° C ndipamwamba, maluwawo amasiya kukula ndipo samasamba. Chinthu chomwecho chikuchitika pa kutentha pansipa + 15 ° C. Ndipo + 5 ° C kwa begonia yofiira ndi yofunika kwambiri: masamba ake saimirira, amafa. Tuberous begonias, mosiyana, amafuna ozizira wintering. Ayenera kukumba ndi kubisika m'malo amdima ndi kutentha kwa + 5 ... + 7 ° C kutentha. Poyamba kutentha, tubers ayenera kumera. Ngati kukula kumapezeka m'chilimwe, chitani pa loggia kapena khonde.
Mukudziwa? M'masiku akale, begonia akusiya ankhondo akupukuta malupanga awo omenyera nkhondo.
Mafunde ofunda atangoyamba, begonia imayendetsedwa kunja kuti ikachotseko usiku. Musanyamule kuchokera kumalo osungirako, ndipo mukhoza kuchoka kumeneko begonia pamene mpweya kutentha ukufikira madigiri 15. Adzathandiza nthawi zonse kutsirira maluwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Koma samalani: simungathe kutsanulira begonia kuchokera kumunsi kapena pamwamba - iye sakonda ndi "kupanduka" poletsa kukula. Choncho ndi bwino kupopera madzi osati maluwa, koma pafupi nawo, ndikuwombera. Fista adzamva kuti chinyezi chili pafupi.
Zapadera za chisamaliro cha kunyumba
Red Begonia imasamutsa kwambiri zilolezo ndi zoyendetsa. Kusintha kwakukulu - nkhawa kwa maluwa. Ndipo fistas sangathe kumunyamula nthawi zonse. Alimi odziwa bwino kuti ngakhale "kusunthira" kuchokera chipinda chimodzi kupita ku china kungayambitse matenda, ndipo nthawi zina imfa yake. Komanso choopsa kwa krasnolistnoy begonias ndi zojambulajambula. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pozindikira duwa m'malo mwake. Pano kayendetsedwe ka mpweya kamayenera kusungidwa. Ngati kuli kofunikira kutsegula chipinda, begonia iyenera kuphimbidwa. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Maluwa awa amafunika kudyetsa. Feteleza ayenera kukhala madzi, ovuta, oyenera zomera zowonongeka ndi maluwa. Kudziwa nthawi ya kudya kudzathandiza kukula kwake. Izi zimachitika mu April. Kenaka kawiri pamwezi, pokhala atayambitsa nthaka, feteleza amatsitsidwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukangoyamba kugwa, kuvala kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kwathunthu kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Njira yodyera tuber ndi mitundu yonse ya mitundu ya begonias ndi yosiyana: izi zimachitika kamodzi mu kasupe, pamene duwa limayamba kukula mwakhama.
Mudzakhala okondwa kuphunzira za mitundu ya nyumba ya begonias.
Pakuti kudyetsa kusankha nayitrogeni feteleza. Zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa tsamba la masamba. Ammonium nitrate kapena madzi feteleza ndi abwino apa. Zakudya zonse zotsatila ndi feteleza kwa maluwa. Manyowawa ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Kwa begonias ndi masamba okongoletsera, zokhazokha zamadzimadzi zimakhala zofunika, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zowonongeka. Ngakhale mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera. Koma ayenera kumayenderana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonias yomwe imadyetsedwa.
Kusamba madzi
Mitengo yonse ya mkati imakonda madzi ofewa osakaniza. Fista ndizosiyana. Choncho, nthawi zonse pakhale madzi. Pambuyo kuthirira, ngati mutakhala wowolowa manja, madzi owonjezera ayenera kuthiridwa poto. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, m'chilimwe ndikwanira kuchita kawiri pa sabata. Ngati chilimwe chiri kutentha, duwa limasowa kuthirira tsiku lililonse. Palibe nthawi yambiri yothirira madzi mu kugwa: muyenera kusunga nthaka mumphika, ndipo mutangotsala pamwamba, perekani pa begonia. 
Ngakhale nthawi zambiri, kuthirira ndi kofunika kuti tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa nthawi yofiira imakhala yofiira. Izi ndizomwe zimapatsa mphukira, koma poyambira mwezi wa March, nkofunika kuthirira maluwa nthawi zambiri. Koma za tuber mitundu ya begonias, zimatumizidwa ku peat m'nyengo yozizira ndipo sizimamwe madzi. Uwu ndi mpumulo wa begonias: umaphatikizapo mphamvu yakuphuka.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito moyenera ndi kuziika
Maluwa ambiri amafunika kudulira. Ndipo nkhonya nayenso. Mwanjira imeneyi mukhoza kupanga chitsamba chokongola, chokongoletsedwa bwino. Monga lamulo, kudulira kuchitidwa achinyamata zomera. Tiyenera kuyembekezera mpaka mphukira ikukula ndi masentimita 6-7, ndikudula pamwamba pake. Osati maofesi a ofesi okha - amathyola, kuthira chomera.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, monga mzere wamaluwa kapena pruners. Mwamsanga mutatha njirayi, mphukira kumayamba kukula. Ndipo akafika kale masentimita 10, amathanso kuchotsedwa. Koma pali mndandanda umodzi: mphukira yowonongeka imadulidwa mosadutsa pamwamba pa mphukira yam'mwamba yoyamba, ikukula kumbali yakunja kuchokera pakati.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1988, katswiri wa zomera ku Japan, chizindikiro cha ubale pakati pa dziko lake ndi DPRK, adayambitsa mitundu yatsopano ya zibambo - kimcheniriya.
Njira zoberekera
Nthaŵi zambiri begonia yafiira imafalikira ndi masamba ndi cuttings. Koma, mosasamala kanthu ka njira yosankhidwira, njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Cuttings
Ngati nkhanza imafalitsidwa ndi cuttings, sitepe ndi sitepe ikuwoneka ngati izi:
- Kucheka kwa masentimita 6 mpaka 9 mu kukula kumadulidwa ku mizu. Kudula kudulidwa kumalowetsedweratu kukonzekera kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumalimbikitsa mizu.
- Pakubwera kwa mizu, chomeracho chimaikidwa m'kati mwaching'ono, ndipo chimakhala ndi masentimita 10, mphika umene umakhala ndi mchenga wonyezimira, womwe uli ndi mabowo.
- Kenaka amaphimba mphika ndi mtsuko wa galasi, amaiika m'chipinda chofunda, kumene kuli kuwala kokwanira, dzuwa, koma kufalikira.
- Choyamba muzidya ndi feteleza woyenera masabata awiri. Patatha mwezi umodzi, banki ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Tsopano mukhoza kuthirira madzi ambiri zomera.
Mbewu
Kufalitsa mbewu ndizovuta kwambiri, nthawi yowonongeka kwambiri. Makamaka olima maluwa osaleza mtima amawakana pasadakhale. Choyamba muyenera kusunga mbewu zomwe mwasankha kuti mubzalidwe kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March. Powonda ndi dziko lapansi sikunakonzedwe.
Pambuyo pake, chidebe chimene mbewu imagzalidwa chimayikidwa pawindo ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi pamwamba. Kuthiridwa ndi utsi kapena sausita. Nthawi yonseyi nkofunika kutentha kutentha mkati mwa 20 ... + 25 ° С. Pomwe tsamba lachitatu likuwonekera, kukamba koyambirira, ndi pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2 - yotsatira.
Muzabwino Pamene mbeu yobereka mbewu imayamba, imakhala mabokosi ang'onoang'ono, kenako miphika yosiyana.
Kusiyana kwa chitsamba kapena rhizomes
Home begonia imakhala ndi zimayambiriro ndi mizu yosiyana. Choncho, kusiyana kwa chitsamba kudzakhala kosavuta. Apa ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mizu ya begonia imagwirizanirana. Ngati ndi zophweka kuti azilekanitsa, amazipanga ndi manja. Koma mizu yolumikizidwa kwambiri ingagawidwe m'magulu ambiri monga momwe akufunira. Pachifukwa ichi, clod ya dziko lapansi imadulidwa bwino, ndipo gawo lirilonse limabzalidwa mu mphika wosiyana. Mphika umayikidwa pamalo otentha kumene kuli kuwala kokwanira - ichi ndi chofunikira chokhazikika.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kusamalidwa bwino kwambiri kwa nkhono mazana asanu kumatsimikizira kuti duwa lidzadutsa mbali ya matendawa, ayi. Koma pali njira zothetsera matendawa. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane matenda omwe ali nawo komanso njira zomwe angagwirizane nawo.
Mame a Mealy - Imeneyi ndi matenda a fungal, omwe amabwera begonia m'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira. Chofunika - mvula yambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale maluwa a condensate pa duwa. Masamba a duwa amayamba kuphimbidwa ndi maluwa oyera, ali opunduka, owuma, ndipo maluwa samasamba. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi powdery mildew imakhala nthawi zonse kuyendayenda m'chipindacho komanso kumanja. Manyowa sayenera kukhala ndi kukonzekera ndi nayitrogeni. Kusungidwa kwaulere kwa maluwa ndi kulondola, kuyatsa yunifolomu kudzathandiza. 
Zowopsa kwambiri imvi zowola Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi kutentha kwa monilial. Pankhaniyi, nkhonya yonse imakhudzidwa, mbali zake zonse: kuchokera ku nthambi ndikuthawira ku duwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawatsogolera ku imfa yake. Koma ngati mutaona kuti imvi zowonongeka nthawi yomweyo ndikuchotsani madera a maluwawo, ndikutsatirani mbali zina za mbeuzo mobwerezabwereza ndi fungicides, mwachitsanzo Bordeaux osakaniza, mbewuyo ikhoza kupulumutsidwa. Nthawi pakati pa mankhwala ndi mwezi.
Ngozi imakhalansopo aphid, nematode ndi kangaude mite. Pankhaniyi, yankho lofunikira la sopo, lomwe limayambitsa chomeracho. Ngati maluwawo akuvutika kwambiri pamsinkhu, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito fungicide (yina) monga momwe tawonetsera m'malemba.
Matenda a begonia amawonekeranso ndipo mtundu wa tsamba lotumbululuka - Izi ndi zotsatira za kuunika kosauka. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndi kusakwanira kwa chinyezi mu chipinda chimapangitsa kusintha kwa mtundu wa nsonga za masamba. Ngati simuthamanga mofulumira kuthirira, duwa limataya masamba ndi masamba asanayambe nkhonya.
Onaninso chifukwa chake masamba a chipinda begonia ayuma pamphepete mwake.
Motero, begonia yofiira imafuna, ndithudi, kusamala ndi kusamala. Koma poyankha, sichidzakongoletsera zenera zowonjezera - maluwa adzakusangalatsani ndi pachimake kwa nthawi yaitali.
