Violet - chisamaliro chakunyumba, chithunzi

Violet, Saintpaulia(Saintpaulia) - chomera cha herbaceous kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Komwe malirowo ndi mapiri a Uzambar omwe ali kum'mawa kwa Africa. Kuchokera apa adatchedwa dzina - "uzambar violet". Mwachilengedwe, limamera m'makhwalala amiyala pomwe zinyalala zaphokoso zimasonkhana. M'zaka za zana la XIX. Maluwa adabwera ku Europe ndipo adadzatcha "Saintpaulia" wotchedwa Baron V. von Saint-Paul - womupeza.

Violet ndi tsamba lodziwika bwino lakutalika kwa 2 mpaka 20 cm ndi mainchesi mpaka 40 cm. Amayamba kukula zaka zopitilira 4, ndiye kuti kukonzanso kumafunikira. Limamasula chaka chonse. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okutira ndi fluff. Akakutikirani mu socket, amapanga maluwa okongola a violets ndikugogomezera kukongola kwake.

Zothandiza zimatha violets

Violet ndi wokongola komanso wathanzi. Ma infusions a maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a bronchitis, atherosclerosis ndi rheumatism. Masamba amakhala ndi acetylsalicylic acid. Kutengera ndi masamba ndi maluwa a violet, odana ndi kutupa, anti-yotupa ndi ma tonic othandizira amapezeka. Mafuta ofunikira ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe onunkhira.

Chisamaliro cha Violet kunyumba (mwachidule)

Violet ndi chomera chosasangalatsa, koma ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zovuta kuti duwa limve bwino:

Ngati zoterezi zakwaniritsidwa, nyanjayo imakondwera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa okongola.

Chisamaliro cha Violet kunyumba

Maluwa a Violet kunyumba amakula kwa nthawi yayitali. Ntchito ya wophunzirayo ndi kuti amupatse zovuta komanso chisamaliro chokwanira.

Kufalikira violets

Violet kunyumba amatulutsa mokongola komanso mokongola. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi mitundu ya maluwa imadabwitsa komanso yosangalatsa. Zamoyo zosavuta zisanu zamagalimoto sizikhala zotsika mtengo pakukongola ndikuchokera ku nusu-kawiri, kawiri komanso ngakhale yolimba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatsindika za mtundu uliwonse wamtundu uliwonse.

Maluwa amatha kukhala mitundu yonse ya utawaleza ndi kuphatikiza kwawo. Zomera za pinki, buluu, za violet-burgundy zimawoneka zachilendo komanso zowoneka bwino. Pokhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, nyanjayo imatha kutulutsa kwa chaka chathunthu, popanda kukhala ndi nthawi yopumira. Koma ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa maluwa mu nthawi, awapumule kwa miyezi iwiri (siyani kudyetsa, muchepetse kuthirira) kuti ipezenso mphamvu ndikukhala olimba.

Njira yotentha

Kuti violet akule bwino, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimaphatikizapo kuyang'anira kutentha koyenera.

Violet ndi chomera chamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri: sililekerera kutentha pansipa + 18 ° C, koma pamwamba + 27 ° C iwo samalekerera bwino, amakana kutulutsa kutentha. Malire oyenera kwa iwo akuchokera + 20 - 25 ° C.

Duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku usodzi ndi kuzizira.

Kuwaza

Violet salekerera madzi masamba ndi maluwa: Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti malo awonongeke kapena awonongeke. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nkoletsedwa. Ngakhale madontho amadzi atagunda mwangozi nthawi yothirira, ayenera kufufutidwa posachedwa ndi mpango.

Violet amathiridwa mankhwala pokhapokha pokhapokha atakhudzidwa ndi matenda ena (amachita izi ndi shading, kupewa kuwotcha ndi masamba).

Kuwala

Violet ndi mbewu yolekereza mthunzi. Maluwa amawoneka bwino pamawindo oyang'ana kumadzulo ndi kummawa: pamenepo amalandila kuwala kochuluka. Pali kuwunika kambiri pazenera lakumwera kotero kuti kumatha kuwotcha cholengedwa chachifundo. Kumpoto, m'malo mwake, kuli kuwala pang'ono. Chomera chimatambasuka, sichimaphuka.

Zomera zoyenera za ma violets zimathandizidwa ndi kuwunikira kowumitsidwa. Mwa kukhazikitsa zowunikira zowonjezereka, mutha kupeza tchire lokongola kwamaluwa ngakhale pakona kowala nyumbayo.

Kuthirira violets

Home violet amaopa kuthina kwamadzi: zimatsogolera pakufa kwa mbewuyo kuchokera muzu zowola, makamaka pamtunda wolemera. Kuperewera kwa chinyontho ndikubvulanso: duwa limatsika wopanda moyo, koma mwachangu limabwezeretsa mwakale litatha kuthirira. Chinyezi cha violet chikufunika mwachangu, maluwa ake amawuma ndikugwa.

Kuthirira violets kumachitika ndimadzi kutentha kwa firiji: masiku otentha - tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse, nthawi zina - pafupifupi masiku 3. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kwa zingwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha nayilo kuti nthaka isakhale yonyowa nthawi zonse. Ndikosavuta kusinthira ku zingwe zamagetsi pazomera zina.

Ground for violets

Mizu ya duwa ndi yofewa komanso yaying'ono. Itha kufa mu clayey lolemera nthaka. Dothi lowonongeka, lotayirira komanso lopepuka ndilo chinsinsi cha chitukuko chokongola chamtendere. Zomera zimakonda nthaka yachilengedwe. Mutha kugula dothi losakanizika ndi maluwa, lomwe limayimitsidwa kapena kugwirira ntchito musanagwiritse ntchito, limaphatikizidwa ndi perlite, vermiculite ndi sphagnum.

Mota yophwanyika pang'ono imathiridwa m'nthaka kuti ichotse zipatso kuti iteteze mizu kuti isavunda. Simungathe kuwonjezera mchenga kuchokera kumalo omanga ndi chernozem yokonzera mabedi amaluwa. Mipira kapena thonje laling'ono limakulitsidwa kuti litulutsidwe.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Feteleza ndi feteleza zofunikira pa ma violets, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumaletsa maluwa. Violet amafunikira feteleza wa phosphate-potaziyamu. Pakukula mwachangu ndi maluwa masiku 21 aliwonse kuthilira, feteleza wa Kemira-Lux amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Omwe alimi ambiri amakana kukumana ndi manyowa, ndikuwasintha ndikuwachotsa ma mbewu pafupipafupi: m'nthaka yatsopano, michere imakhala m'madongosolo akuluakulu ndipo imadyedwa moyenerera.

Zopatsirana zachiwawa

Kupatsirana kwa Violet kumachitika kawiri pachaka, isanayambike gawo lokangalika. Pukutirani pang'ono dothi lochotsa mizu yopyapyala, kufupikitsa ndikuchotsa masamba am'munsi. Duwa lokonzedwanso mwanjira imeneyi limayikidwa mumphika, kuyesera kuti nthaka isasungidwe ndi dothi. Dothi likathiridwa, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti nyalugwe imakutidwa ndi iko konse: kukulitsa kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu, ndipo kusowa kwa nthaka kumapangitsa maluwa kukhala osasunthika.

Tchire tating'onoting'ono timayambiranso mumphika watsopano, womwe m'mimba mwake muyenera kukhala 1/3 wa kukula kwa malo. Danga la chidebe cha maluwa akuluakulu ndi 90 - 100 mm, chifukwa tchire lalikulu liyenera kukhala lalikulupo.

Masamba otsika akagwa ndipo thunthu limakula bwino, kupatsanso mphamvu ndikofunikira.

Kudulira

Kudulira nsonga za maluwa achikulire ndi kuzika kwake ndi njira yodziwika bwino yobwezeretsanso ndi kufalitsa ma violets. Duwa limatha kukula mosagwirizana, koma mothandizidwa ndikudulira limapatsidwa mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira. Kudulira masamba ndi maluwa otsika kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mbewuyo ioneke bwino ndikukula kwake osachedwetsa.

Nthawi yopumula

Violet limamasula mosataya ndi kusiya osatayika. Nthawi yopumula ali ndi wachibale. Wosamalira alendo amasamalira maluwa ndipo, pakati pa maluwa aliwonse, siyani kuyikulitsa ndi kuvala kwapamwamba ndikuchepetsa kuthilira.

Kuwona zikhalidwe zosavuta za kumangidwa, mutha kupeza chomera chokongola ndi masamba abwino ndi maluwa owala.

Kufalikira kwa Ziwawa

Violet amafalitsa m'njira zambiri. Njira yomwe imawononga nthawi yambiri kuti muthe chitsamba chatsopano ndiyo kufalikira kwa mbewu, kudula kapena stepons kuti izi zitheke.

Kufalikira kwa masamba odulidwa

Kufalikira kwa masamba odulidwa - Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yofalitsira ma violets.

• Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, tsamba limadulidwa mosazindikira kuti malo odulawo akukwanira kuti apangidwe mizu yamphamvu. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kuli pafupifupi 40 mm.
• Malo odula amawazidwa ufa wa malasha ndikuyika chidebe chaching'ono ndi yankho la mpweya woyatsidwa.
• Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mizu ipezeka.
• Zidula zimayikidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa.
• Mipira ya foam imathiridwa kuti ikokere.
• Simungadikire kuti mizu ionekere ndipo nthawi yomweyo mudzala chitsa chodulira pansi. Zodulidwa zophika zibzalidwe pang'ono. Phimbani ndi kanema ndikuchoka pa + 20 - 23 ° C. Kanemayo amachotsedwa kuti kuthirira ndikuwongolera violets. Masamba awiri mpaka atatu amawoneka, amachotsedwa.

Kufalitsa kudzera kwa stepons

Kufalitsa kudzera kwa stepons amangogwira ntchito zamtundu wamaluwa momwe ma stepons amapangidwira.

• Kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a stepons, muyenera kuchotsa malo okula ndi masamba obiriwira.
• Pakupita masiku angapo, stepons amapangidwa pachifuwa.
• Atadikirira mpaka atakula mpaka mamilimita 45, amalekanitsidwa ndi chomera ndikuzika mu chiwiya china.

Mitundu ina ya ma violets imangopangitsidwa ndi ma peduncles. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndikudula duwa la stout ndi kuzika mu dothi lomwe madzi ake ndi madzi okwanira.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, nyamayo imakula mwamphamvu komanso yathanzi, koma nthawi zina imagwidwa ndi tizirombo ndipo imakhudza matenda.

Tizilombo

Nthawi zambiri kuti mmera udagwidwa tizirombo anatero posintha mawonekedwe ake:

• zokutira zoyera ngati thonje pazodula za violet - kugonjetsedwa ndi mealybug (kulimbana, masamba amathandizidwa ndi yankho la sopo ndi madontho ochepa amafuta a makina; infusions wa calendula, adyo kapena fodya);
• maluwa owuma mwachangu ndi mungu wachikasu pamasamba a violet - California imaponya kuukira (kuchepetsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni; kuwonjezera chinyezi cham'kati; kuchitira masamba akuda ndi sopo yankho ndi palafini, kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, mowa);
• Masamba akumtunda a violet kumtunda ndikuwoneka bwino pamasamba - wogonjetsedwa ndi mayikidwe a cyclamen (chotsani mbali zowonongeka za duwa; mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza).

Matenda

Zofala matenda ma violets amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro:

1. violet sichimera - Wokhala ndi mizu yopitilira, nitrogen yambiri, kuwala pang'ono.
2. Madontho pamaluwa a violet - kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira, kukonzekera, kutentha kwa dzuwa.
3. Kutsika masamba turgor - Kusowa kapena chinyezi chambiri:

• ngati pali chinyezi chochepa, nyanjayo imathiriridwa ndikufundidwa ndi filimu kwa masiku awiri mpaka atatu;
• Kuchulukitsa kumatha kudzetsa muzu, chifukwa cha momwe nyanjayo imatha kufa. Onaninso mizu ya mavalawa, inyowetsani ndi chopukutira. Zovunda zimachotsedwa ndikuyang'ana thunthu la mbewu: ngati ili ndi thanzi, nyalayo imayilidwa mumphika wocheperako, ikayamba kuvunda, mbewuyo imakhazikikanso. Ngati mizu yake yolimba, duwa limasinthidwa dothi latsopano, lomwe limakutidwa ndi kanema osati kuthilira masiku angapo.

4. Masamba a violets samatseguka - mpweya wouma kwambiri m'chipindacho (chotchingira madzi chimayikidwa pafupi ndi nyansi);
5. Masamba ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa malo ogulitsira - kuyatsa kowala kwambiri kapena mpweya wouma (iwo amatulutsa maluwa, kuyika zotchingira madzi pafupi naye);
6. Zouma m'mphepete mwa masamba a violet - kuthinana kwa dothi, kuchepa kapena kuwonjezera michere ina (kubwezeretsa muzu wa violet, sinthani mavalidwe apamwamba).
7. Chikwangwani choyera pamasamba a violet - Kuwonongera kwa Powdery (fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito);
8. Mawonekedwe achikasu kapena ofiira pamasamba - kusowa kapena kuchulukirapo kwa michere ina; pamene malawo achikasu ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amakhala kumbali ya zenera, akuwonetsa kuwotcha kwa dzuwa (kuchotsa masamba owonongeka, mthunzi kapena kukonzanso duwa).
9. Saintpaulia violet amasiya kuvunda pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana:

• chinyezi chambiri kapena feteleza (chotsani mizu yowonongeka, muchepetse kuthirira, sinthani umuna);
• njira yachilengedwe yakufa kwa masamba (masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zowola amachotsedwa mu nthawi);
• dothi losankhidwa bwino (onjezerani vermiculite, mchenga, onjezera kukhetsa);
• chinyezi pamasamba nthawi yothirira (nthawi yomweyo kunyowetsedwa ndi madzi);
• matenda a fungal - fusarium kapena imvi zowola (onani kutentha kwa boma; musanyowetse nthaka; gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo);
• chipindacho ndichotentha kwambiri kapena chozizira; mpweya wouma (pezani malo oyenera; sinthani kutentha; gwiritsani ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi).

Ndikosavuta kupewa kuwoneka ngati mawanga, kuwola kwa mizu ndi kuwonongeka kwina kwa violet kuposa kuchitira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupereka chisamaliro chofunikira cha duwa. Monga kuvala pamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera wa violets.

Mitundu ya ma violets apakhomo okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu 20 ya ma violets. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaswanidwa ndi obereketsa nthawi zambiri. Amasiyana mumtundu wa maluwa, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, momwe angachitire pazosungidwa. Mitundu ina imakhala yopanda phindu ndipo imawonetsa kusakhutira kwa mwini wake, pomwe ina imakhala yodziletsa komanso yopirira.

Violet Blue Chinjoka / Chinjoka Cha Blue

Kalasi yapamwamba. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda bii (ofiira pansipa) okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa seva. Rosette mpaka masentimita 50. Maluwa akuluakulu (masentimita 8) okhala ndi malire owonda a mithunzi yopepuka. Mitundu ya petals ndi ya buluu wopepuka, pakati ndi m'mbali zake ndi zakuda. Maluwa maluwa.

Violet Pakati pa Usiku Frolic / Usiku Wosangalatsa

Amakula pang'onopang'ono, amatulutsa mu 2 - 2, zaka 5. Maluwa ochepa komanso owerengeka a maula opepuka, lavenda, utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka oyang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Rosette yayikulu yayikulu yopangidwa ndi masamba amdima a wavy.

Violet Pakati Pa Usiku / Pakati Pakatikati

Maluwa omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya buluu wokhala ndi buluu wokhala ndi malire amtambo wobowola pang'onopang'ono, koma amakhala nthawi yayitali (mpaka masabata 5). Chingwe cholimba. Masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masikelo kuzungulira m'mphepete. Moody pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe.

Violet Kumpsompsona Bandit / Kugwedeza kwa Sititi

Maluwa amtundu wamitundu iwiri kapena yayikulu. Ali ndi malire amdima wabuluu komanso mphonje wowonda wagolide kumapeto. Masamba obiriwira amdima amtundu wokhala ndi petioles lalifupi. Kukula pang'onopang'ono. Sakonda kuwala kowala.

Violet Garri Wumbi / Harry Potter

Masamba amakhala obiriwira achikuda, nthawi zambiri amagwa. Chotsekacho ndi wandiweyani. Maluwa akulu ndi buluu wakuda wokhala ndi tint pofiirira komanso malire oyera oyera ngati chipale. Mapeyala ndiwakhungu. Limamasula pang'onopang'ono, koma limaphuka motalika komanso bwino.

Violet Cupidon / Cupid

Maluwa osavuta kapena owirikiza kawiri okhala ndi pistachio m'mphepete mwake komanso malo osowa a pinki. Maluwa pamtambo wakuda ndi ochepa, koma ambiri. Zomera zobiriwira zonyezimira zimakhala gulu lalikulu la wavy. Amaluwa koyambirira.

Dychaniye Grozy / Mpweya wa Bingu

Maluwa akuluakulu amodzi amtundu wa cherry-violet hule wokhala ndi malire oyera oyera. Masamba pamitengo italiitali amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso m'mphepete mwa wavy. Pangani malo ochepera. Limamasula nthawi zambiri, koma limakula pang'onopang'ono komanso kubereka movutikira.

Violet - mbewuyo ndi yanthete kwambiri, iyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala. Zovuta zilizonse zamkati zimayankha mwachangu posintha mawonekedwe. Ngati duwa limamverera bwino pazinthu zomwe zidapangidwa, zimadziwonetsera zokha zonse muulemerero wake.