Mbalame zam'mimba zakhala zikudalira kwambiri chakudya cha anthu ambiri. Zili chokoma, zosavuta kukonzekera komanso zosakwanitsa: mungathe kuzigula m'sitolo iliyonse. Koma ngati mutasankha kudzisamalira nokha ndi okondedwa anu omwe ali ndi bowa lopangidwa ndi nyumba, mudzafunikira kudziwa ndi khama. Nkhani yathu ikuuzeni momwe mungamere bowa nokha.
Kukonzekera kwa gawo
Njira yokonzekera gawo lapansi imatchedwa kompositi. Pankhani ya nkhuku, zimakhala zovuta, chifukwa bowa uwu ndi wosavuta kunthaka komanso amadya zokhazokha.
Kukonzekera gawo lapansi Ngati nkhumba zimakhala pakhomo, mufunika makilogalamu 100 a golide watsopano (tirigu kapena rye), makilogalamu 75-100 a mahatchi (ng'ombe) kapena zitosi za mbalame, 300 malita a madzi, 6 makilogalamu a gypsum kapena 8 makilogalamu a laimu.
Udzu uyenera kudulidwa mu kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20 ndi kumadzimadzimadzi kwa masiku angapo kuti ukhale wothira. Pakutha kompositi pa konkrete, khola loyeza 1.5 x 1.2 mamita limapangidwira. Kuyanjana ndi kusakaniza ndi nthaka kapena madzi a mvula ndi kosafunika kwambiri, ndikofunika kupeĊµa ingress ya tizilombo toononga mu kompositi.
Mukudziwa? Kusungidwa kwa zinthu zaulimi monga mtundu wa mulu waukulu, uli pansi kapena mu dzenje, wokhala ndi udzu, peat kapena utuchi ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo ku kusefukira kwa madzi. Kawirikawiri masamba amasungidwa mu kolala (mbatata, beets, kabichi).Udzu ndi manyowa (zinyalala) zimakhala zowonjezera 25-30 masentimita wandiweyani. Choyamba ndi chotsiriza chingakhale udzu. Kompositi yowonjezera ikhoza kuyikidwa ndi filimu, koma pambaliyi iyenera kukhala mabowo a mpweya wabwino.
Masabata atatu otsatirawa mukusakaniza pali ndondomeko ya nayonso mphamvu (yotentha), pomwe ammonia, carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wa madzi zimamasulidwa, ndipo kutentha kwa kolala kumatha kufika 70 ° C. Panthawiyi, muyenera kupha kompositi 3-4 nthawi.
Thandizo loyamba likuchitika masiku 6-7, laimu kapena gypsum imaphatikizidwanso ku osakaniza.
Wokonzeka gawo - ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a mtundu wonyezimira, kununkhira kwa ammonia kulibe. Ngati kusakaniza ndi kotentha kwambiri, kuyenera kufalikira pang'ono kuti uume ndi kuswa kachiwiri. Zotsatira zake ndi 200-250 makilogalamu a gawo lapansi, zomwe zikufanana ndi 2.5-3 lalikulu mamita. M malo okula bowa.
Komabe, ngati simukufuna kusokoneza ndi kukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi, mukhoza kugula manyowa opangidwa kale. Manyowa omwe amathiridwa kale ndi mycelium ali pamsika. Zimakhala zosavuta kunyamula, ndipo filimu yowononga imateteza kompositi kuchokera ku zinthu zachibadwa.
Ndikofunikira! Okonza ena amapereka chida chokonzekera cholima minda, yomwe ili ndi gawo lapansi, mycelium ndi yosanjikiza.
Kupeza macelium (mycelium) champignon
Lero sikovuta kupeza bowa mycelium. Mawebusaiti ali ndi malonda a mycelium osiyanasiyana omwe amapangidwa ndi mitengo. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusankha chosamalidwa kwambiri.
Chomera chimanga bowa mycelium - Ichi ndi mycelium, chonyamulira cha yomwe yophika ndi yosawilitsidwa tirigu. Bowa la mycelium nthawi zambiri limatulutsidwa m'magazi a nyama, omwe pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko amapereka chakudya cha mycelium.
Mbewu mycelium imagulitsidwa mu matumba apulasitiki ndi mpweya wosinthanitsa fyuluta. Mbewu yabwino kwambiri ya mycelium imakhala yochuluka kwambiri (yoyera) kumbali zonse ndipo imakhala ndi bowa wamphamvu kwambiri. Kubiriwira pang'ono kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa nkhungu, ndipo fungo lopweteka limasonyeza kuti matendawa ndi bacteriosis.
Pakati pa firiji komanso mu phukusi losindikizidwa, chimanga cha mycelium chimasungidwa kwa masabata awiri, komanso m'firiji kwa miyezi itatu. Musanabzala, mycelium yosungidwa mu firiji iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa tsiku limodzi popanda kutsegula phukusiyo kuti isinthe mycelium musanabatizidwe mu gawo lotentha.
Kompositi mycelium ndi kompositi yomwe bowa yakula ndipo imanyamula chinyamulira cha mycelium.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu zam'mimba zapamwamba kwambiri zobereketsa zimapangidwa mu ma laboratories apadera.
Ikani chisakanizo cha kukwera kwa mycelium
Musanayambe ntchito popanga nkhumba kunyumba, muyenera kuchita mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi nkhungu. Mwachitsanzo, mungathe kusokoneza denga loyera ndi makoma ndi mandimu ndi mkuwa wa sulphate. Zitatero, chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira.
Kulima amateur kwa bowa 3 zokwanira. Mabokosi a mafinya kuti asunge malo angathe kuikidwa pa tiers pa maalumali.
Gawo la pansi likuikidwa mu chidebe ndi makulidwe a 25-30 masentimita, kusindikiza pang'ono. Mawerengedwe oyenerera a gawo lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 100 pa 1 sq. M. m
Ndikofunikira! Chipinda chachikulu chapansi chikhoza kugawidwa m'madera angapo: imodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizidwa ndi mycelium, yachiwiri yopangira ziwalo za zipatso, ndi lachitatu pokonzekera gawolo.
Kubzala mycelium (mycelium)
Mbewu ya mycelium imangobzalidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi gawo lapansi la masentimita asanu ndi awiri (5 cm) wandiweyani. Mukhozanso kupanga mabowo 4-5 masentimita, ndikukweza nthaka ndi msomali, pomwe pali tirigu wambiri kapena kompositi mycelium.
Pamene mycelium ikuyamba kukulirakulira, ndipo izi zidzachitika mu masabata awiri, pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ziyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 3-4 masentimita a nthaka. . Gasi kusinthanitsa pakati pa mpweya ndi kompositi kumadalira momwe makonzedwe a casing akuyendera.
Dothi lophimba limapangidwa ndi inu nokha kapena kugula mokonzeka. Pakuti kukonzekera zovomerezeka osakaniza Mudzafunika magawo 9 a peat ndi gawo la choko kapena magawo asanu a peyala, 1 gawo la choko, magawo 4 a munda wamunda. Pazithunzi 1. M malo omwe mumayenera kutenga makilogalamu 50 a nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wa bowa mycelium ndi 350-400 g pa 1 sq. M. M ya tirigu ndi 500 g pa 1 lalikulu. mamita a kompositi.
Kuwotcha kwa kutentha ndi mchere zimasamalira panthawi ya kukula
Kunja mungapeze bowa watsopano chaka chonse. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala choyera ndi chatsekedwa ndi zinthu zakunja, makamaka ndi konkire pansi. Nkhumba sizifuna kuwala, koma mpweya wabwino ndi wofunikira, koma palibe ma drafts omwe ayenera kuloledwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, cellars, cellars, sheds, storerooms, garages, ndi attics zingasinthidwe kuti zimere maluwa, komwe kutentha kumakhala pa 16-25 ° C ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 65-85%. Kutentha nthawiyi kungasinthidwe ndi mpweya wabwino. Chinyezi chingasinthidwe kupopera mbewu mankhwala (kuonjezera) kapena kuthamanga (kuchepetsa).
M'nyengo yozizira, zokhala ndi zipinda zokhala ndi makina osungunuka zimakhala zoyenera, monga kutentha kwina kudzafunika.
Yoyamba 10-12 masiku mutabzala mycelium mnyumba, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa 25 ° C. Pamene mycelium ikukula, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika 18-20 ° C, ndipo kumapitirizabe kukhala 16-20 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Poyang'anira kutentha ndi chinyezi mu chipinda chomwe bowa amakula, muyenera kukhazikitsa thermometer ndi hygrometer.Nthawi zina amapuloteni amathandizira kuonjezera zakudya zamkompositi. Zina mwa izo zimayikidwa mu gawo lapansi pakufesa kwa mycelium, ena - asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito kansalu ka kompositi yomwe ili pafupi ndi mycelium.
Kukolola nkhumba
Mitundu yoyamba ya zipatso imatha masiku 35-40 mutabzala mycelium.
Ntchentche sizidula, monga momwe tinkachitira m'nkhalango, chabwino kuwasonkhanitsa iwo mwa kupotoza. Amapanga nkhungu ndipo alibe mizu, mycelium siidapweteka, bowa latsopano likukula posachedwapa. Koma zotsalira za bowa odulidwa zikhoza kuvunda, kukopa tizilombo.
Malo opanda kanthu mutatha kukolola ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthaka yophimba komanso mopanda madzi. Zokolola za nkhuku pamwezi - mpaka makilogalamu 10 pa 1 sq. M. Pambuyo kukolola, pambuyo pa masabata 1.5-2, bowa amawonekera.
Kulima alimi kunyumba si kophweka, nthawi zina sikusangalatsa kwambiri. Koma zotsatira mu mawonekedwe a wolemera zokolola zonunkhira ndi chokoma bowa pa tebulo lanu kapena kugulitsa kumayeserera zoyesayesa zonse.
