Zinsinsi zobwezeretsa kudulira mitengo ya zipatso, malangizo ndi uphungu pa munda wokonzanso

Mlimi aliyense amafuna kukula maapulo, mapeyala, plums, yamatcheri ndi zina zotero m'nyumba yake. Koma pazimenezi mumayenera kusamalira bwino mitengo. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika za chisamaliro chotere ndi kudulira ndi kubwezeretsa korona.

Zamkatimu:

• Momwe mungabwezeretse mitengo yakale ya zipatso
• Kuchepetsa mtengo wa mtengo ndi kuunika
• Kupatulira kwachibadwa
• Kudula nthambi zopachikidwa
• Kudulira muzowonjezereka za kukulirakulira
• Kuchotsa nsonga zapamwamba ndi kupanga mapangidwe a chigoba ndi zigawo zazing'ono
• Momwe mungasamalire mtengo mutatha kubwezeretsedwa

Kudulira okalamba: kufotokoza ndi mitundu

Kudulira mitengo yoyenera komanso yokhazikika nthawi yayitali ku nyumba kwanu kumabweretsa kubwezeretsedwe kwa zomera. Choncho, amayamba kubala zipatso zokoma komanso zokoma. Ngati nthambi zidulidwa molingana ndi malamulo ena, ndiye kuti mtengo sungapitirire, kuwala kokwanira kumathamangira ku korona, nthambi zamagulu ndi zigoba zimakhala zolimba, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri kuti muzisunga zipatso zolemera.

Ndikofunikira! Vuto la kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi chifukwa chake kuthyola nthambi kumapezeka nthawi zambiri m'maperesi. Choncho, chomerachi chiyenera kudulidwa pachaka.

Ndi kusamalidwa kolakwika kwa mavuto a mtengo kungabwereke:

1. Kuwongolera kwa korona.
2. Mapeto a fruiting.
3. Kuchepetsa hardiness yozizira.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya munda woduladula wokalamba: kuchepetsa ndi kupatulira. Mitengo ya kudulira ingagawidwe mu autumn ndi masika. N'zoona kuti akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azichotsa zomera zokha m'chaka. Komabe, mitengo yakale, yamtali ndi yowuma imatha kuchotsedwa isanafike nyengo yozizira. Koma nthambi zokha zokha zimadulidwa. Kukhudza mwatsopano sikofunikira, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira mabala a zomera amachiritsa kwambiri, ngakhale ngati chilondachi chimapangidwa ndi wapadera.

Kubwezeretsa mitengo kumachepetsa ndi kupatulira panthawi yomweyo. Ndondomeko imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kuyika chomera chachikulire ndi chotalika chomera. Kufupikitsa ndiko kuchotsa pamwamba pa nthambi, zipatso ndi mphukira. Malingana ndi ukalamba, fetus ndi nthambi za munthu aliyense ayenera kufupikitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nthambi ili ndi zaka 8-10, ndiye kuti 60-70% ya kutalika kwake ikhoza kuthetsedwa. Koma sizingatheke kudula zipatso zonse kapena nthambi mu njira iyi, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati ili m'njira yoyenera. Ngati nthambi ikuyamba kukula kapena kukula mu njira yolakwika, ndiye ikhoza kuthetsedwa.

Mukudziwa? Leonardo da Vinci anapanga lingaliro lochititsa chidwi: chiwerengero cha nthambi zonse za mtengo mukutali n'chofanana ndi kukula kwake kwa thunthu.

Mitengo yoyenera kubwezeretsa pamtengo imapangitsa kuti ali ndi nthambi zochepa, ndipo tsopano chomera chikusowa madzi ndi mchere pang'ono pazomwe zilili. Ndipo mizu ya mtengo imabweretsa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi minerals yofanana, ndipo chifukwa chake, gawo lakumtunda la chomera mutatha kudulira limapeza madzi ambiri ndi zakudya. Mitengo yokupukuta ikudulira nthambi mu mphete. Izi zimachitika pamene korona ndi yandiweyani ndipo iyenera kuonongeka. Kawirikawiri, pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nthambi zowonongeka zachiwiri ndi chachitatu. Kenaka mtengo umawoneka malo omasuka.

Momwe mungabwezeretse mitengo yakale ya zipatso

Ngati simunathe kuchotsa mitengo m'munda kwa zaka zambiri kapena kugula chiwembu chomwe munali kale kale ndi kusamalidwa zomera zowonongeka, musafulumize kuzidula pamzu. Mukhoza nthawi zonse kukonzanso apulo wanu, peyala, maula, chitumbuwa. Ndiye munda wamaluwa udzabweretsani inu chokoma ndi zowutsa mudyo zipatso kwa zaka zambiri.

Zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya mitengo ya apulo: "Northern Synapse", "Sinap Orlovsky", "Moscow Pear", "Medunitsa", "Kutsanulira Kutentha", "Silver Hoof", "Dream", "Semerenko", "Melba".

Kuchepetsa mtengo wa mtengo ndi kuunika

Ngati chomera chiri ndi zaka 10 kapena kupitirira ndipo palibe kusamala pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti chiyenera kubwezeretsedwa bwino. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa mtengo wakale wa apulo kumachitika mu magawo atatu:

1. Korona yochepetsedwa.
2. Chidziwitso cha malo.
3. Kutchetemera kwafupikitsa kwa nthambi zazitali zam'tsogolo.

Pofuna kuchepetsa korona, muyenera kuyesa mamita 2-2.5 kuchokera kumayambiriro a gawo loyamba la mtengo ndikudula pang'ono kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwa nthambi kuchokera pamtengo. Pambuyo pake, pakati pa mtengowo mumakhala momasuka komanso mopepuka. Koma tsopano ziyenera kuti zikhale zochepa.

Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kudula mutu wapamwamba wa thunthu, muyenera kuvala bala ndi dongo kapena penti ndikukulunga ndi chigamba.

Kudulira mitengo yakale yamapulo yakale kungatenge nthawi ndi khama. Pofuna kudulira, mungagwiritse ntchito pruner, ndikuchepetsanso nthambi zachiwiri, chachitatu ndi chachinayi, kugwiritsa ntchito munda wakuwona.

Kuwombera kumafunika kudula pang'ono pangodya, pamwamba pa mphukira. Dulani kokha mphukira zomwe zikukula pakati kapena kukhudzana wina ndi mzake. Zina zonse m'tsogolomu zidzakhala nthambi zabwino. Nthambi zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kudula malinga ndi lamulo ili: Nthambi yaing'ono iyenera kukhala yayitali kuposa nthambi yaikulu. Nthambi zonse zodwala kapena zouma ziyenera kuchotsedwa, komanso zonse zomwe zimasokoneza kukula kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pambuyo pake, pakati pa chipatso chanu chomera chipatso chidzakhala chowala kwambiri komanso chokwanira, chomwe chingathandize mtengo kupanga zipatso zazikulu.

Kupatulira kwachibadwa

Mutatha kuchotsa gawo lapakati la korona, muyenera kupanga mawonekedwe a nthambi. Makamaka rejuvenation ayenera kuchitidwa kwa wakale peyala. Ndipotu, zipatso zazomerazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo nthambi zammbali zimagawidwa kapena kusweka pansi pazochitika zina: mvula yamphamvu ndi mphepo, matalala, ndi zina zotero.

Ndikofunika kuti choyamba chichotse nthambi zokhazokha ndi zowuma, ndiye zimakhala zoonekeratu kuti pali njira zochepa zokha zomwe zatsala kukonza. Pambuyo pake, fufuzani nthambi zina zotalika zomwe sungathe kupirira zolemera zawo. Tengani pruner ndi kudula mphukira zonse zomwe ziri patali zosakwana 10 masentimita, monga m'tsogolomu zidzasokonezana wina ndi mnzake kuti akule. Wotsalirayo akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 1/2 kapena 2/3 kutalika kwake.

Mitengo yotereyi mu kasupe ndi kupatulira iyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa zaka 2-3. Kenaka mtengowo sudzakhala wodwala ndipo udzabala zipatso zokoma.

Kudula nthambi zopachikidwa

Nthambi zazing'amba sizingatheke kumapeto. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kokha m'magulu awiri: pamene nthambi yayuma, kapena italepheretsa nthambi zina kuti zikule ndikugwedeza malo opanda ufulu pakati pa korona. Kawirikawiri, kudulira maapulo akale amatanthawuza kudula 50-60% ya zomera zonse: mtengo sudzafa ndi izi, koma m'malo mwake, udzapeza mphamvu zatsopano.

Mukudziwa? Asayansi asonyeza kuti mitengo yakale imagawana zakudya zamchere ndi zomera zazing'ono.

Nthambi zogwedeza ziyenera kufupikitsidwa kwa 1/2 kapena 2/3 za kutalika kuti ziphatikize ndi kusapachika. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kufupikitsa nthambi yachitatu, yachinayi ndi yotsatira ndikulamula kuchotsa mphukira, ndikusiya masamba okhawo omwe akuwonekera pang'ono.

Choncho, kudulira mitengo ya zipatso kumabweretsa zigawo zingapo. Pambuyo pa nthambi zonse zowonongeka, muthe kuchepetsa kukula m'dera lanu.

Kudulira muzowonjezereka za kukulirakulira

Kuchotsa nkhuni zotaya nkhumba za zaka zapakati pa 4-7 zikulitsa kukula kwa nthambi zopatsa zipatso. Kudulira mitengo ya zipatso kumapeto kwa nyengo kumabweretsa kukonzanso kwa mbeu yonse. Ndipo kuchotsa nthambi ndi mphukira mu woyendera nthambi ya retreating kukula n'kofunika kumayambiriro kasupe. Ndipotu mbali iyi ya mtengo ndi yogwira ntchito kwambiri, imatumizidwa madzi ambiri ndi mchere.

M'dera lamtundu uwu, m'pofunikira kuchepetsa nthambi, makamaka kuti zisachoke pamwamba. Chotsani mphukira m'dera lamdima ndikufupikitsa nthambi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale pafupi ndi 2/5 kutalika kwake. Mofanana ndi kubwezeretsa apulo, amatsuka mapeyala, apricots ndi yamapichesi. Nthambi zazikulu ziyenera kudulidwa pang'ono kuchokera pansi, kenako zidulidwe kuchokera pamwamba, kuti zisamavulaze makungwa.

Kuchotsa nsonga zapamwamba ndi kupanga mapangidwe a chigoba ndi zigawo zazing'ono

Ambiri sakudziwa momwe angabwezeretsere munda wakale pawokha, ndipo kwenikweni ndi wothandizira okha komanso osowa amafunikira pa izi, komanso kudziwa pang'ono za kuyeretsa mitengo. Kupukuta nsonga ndilo gawo lovuta kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ambiri amawachotsa molakwika. Zifukwa zomwe nsonga ziyenera kuchotsedwa:

• iwo amakula mpaka pakati pa korona;
• pali zambiri pa unit lalikulu;
• amakula molunjika pa thunthu.

Koma nthawi zina, ndibwino kuti musachotse nsongazo, koma kuti muzifupikitsa kuti m'tsogolomu ayambe kubereka zipatso. Kawirikawiri, nsonga zikuwonekera pa chomeracho pambuyo poyamwa bwino ndi nitrogenous feteleza. Choncho, ngati muwona kuoneka kwakukulu kwa mphukira za mafuta, lekani kudyetsa chomera.

Ndikofunikira! Manyowa osakanizidwa amachititsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi nsonga.

Amaluwa ambiri, osadziŵa momwe angasinthire maapulo akale, mapeyala, yamatcheri, amayamba kuchotsa pamwamba, ndipo izi siziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Milandu pakakhala bwino kuchoka pamwamba:

1. Ngati mtengo uli ndi masamba ochepa.
2. Ngati mukufuna kupanga nthambi zabwino za zipatso kuchokera pamwamba.

Pambuyo poyeretsa bwino pamwamba, mtengo uyenera kuumbidwa. Timapanga timagulu ta mafupa ndi zigoba nthambi ndi macheka. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a panoramic, mtengo uyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a cone. Kotero, ife timadula pang'ono kuchokera pamwamba, ndi kusiya zochuluka pansi. Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti pamene kubwezeretsa mitengo yambiri yakale sikuyenera kudulira nthambi pansi pa mtengo wa m'munsi. Kudulira kotereku kungawononge zomera ndipo balala lidzachiritsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuphatikiza apo, pangapangidwe dzenje m'munsi mwa thunthu, zomwe zingawononge mtengo.

Zothandiza zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya mapeyala: "Marble", "Elena", "Severyanka", "Cathedral", "Otradnenskaya", "Fairytale", "Rogneda", "Nika".

Momwe mungasamalire mtengo mutatha kubwezeretsedwa

Pambuyo pokonzanso bwino mtengo, m'pofunika kusamalira. Nthawi yomwe simukuyenera kubwezeretsa mitengo ndi nyengo yozizira, koma ndi nthawi ino yomwe zomera zimasowa kusamalira. Pakati pa matalala akuluakulu pansi pa mtengo, m'pofunika kuponya matalala ambiri kuti mzuwo usamaundane. Ngati kudulira mitengo kukuchitika mu kugwa, onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba mabala ndi pepala kapena dothi kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti chomeracho chichiritse mabala m'nyengo yozizira. Pambuyo kudulira ndi kubwezeretsanso maapulo akale, mapeyala, mitengo ya apurikoti iyenera kumera bwino. Njira yabwino ndi phulusa la nkhuni, lomwe lili ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandiza nkhuni. Phulusa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka yozungulira mbewu.

Mukudziwa? Mtengo 99% uli ndi maselo akufa.

M'chaka, nthaka yozungulira chomeracho iyenera kulimizidwa ndi zokhala ndi theka la chidutswa ndikuyambira. Zowonjezerapo zotsatizana ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono timene timayambira: zinc, boron, potaziyamu, phosphorous, mankhwala a nayitrogeni. Zimalimbikitsiranso kuthira manyowa ndi humus ndi peat. Mtengo nthawi imeneyi umafuna kutsirira.

Tsopano kuti zatsimikiziranso kuti mitengo yodula mitengo ndi njira yotetezera chomeracho pambuyo pake, mudzatha kumasula munda wanu.