Posachedwapa, anthu ambiri okhala kunja kwa mzinda akuganiza kuti azipanga bizinesi yawo pazolimi.
Monga lamulo, amaletsa chidwi chawo pa kusunga nkhuku za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzira, chifukwa ndi thandizo lanu mukhoza kupeza ndalama zokwanira.
Komabe, kuti bizinesi ikuyenda bwino, wofalitsa ayenera kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nkhuku kuti azibweretsa ndalama zowonjezera. M'nkhaniyi, timangosankha.
Nkhokwe zomanga nkhuku
Gawo loyamba pa chitukuko cha bizinesi yopindulitsa ndikumanga nyumbayo.
Nthawi yomweyo muyenera kusankha momwe nkhuku zidzasungidwira.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu ina ya nkhuku imakonda malo osakhala opanda ufulu, choncho osayenera sangakhale abwino kwa iwo. Palinso mitundu yodzichepetsa yomwe ingakhale ndi moyo uliwonse.
Pambuyo pa mwini munda wa famu yam'tsogolo muno, mutha kulumikiza zomangamanga.
Zisumba kapena zoweta kuti nkhuku zikhale zopangidwa ndiokha, ndipo zingagulidwe m'masitolo apadera.
Chofunika chachikulu pa selo iliyonse ndi malo ake. Ziyenera kukhala zazikulu zokwanira kuti mbalame iime ndi kuyendayenda nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikufuna.
Ngati mbalamezo zimasungidwa mosasinthasintha, mwiniwake wa famu akhoza kuchita popanda osayenera. Pachifukwa ichi muyenera kupanga zowonjezera zoumba ndi zisa za nkhuku, kumene ziika mazira.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti zonsezi zizikhala zoyera, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timapezeka m'chipinda choyera. Zingasokoneze thanzi la nkhuku.
Nkhuku Shaver White ili ndi ubwino wapadera! koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti alibe zolakwa ...Nkhuku ya ku Spain yoyera ikuoneka ngati mtundu wina. Werengani nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuwonjezera apo, m'nyumbayo iyenera kuwonedwa kutentha kwake. Zomwe zimakhala bwino ndikutentha kwa 20 ° C ndi chinyezi.
Kuti kutentha kusagwedezeke kwambiri, nkhuku imayenera kutenthedwa. Pochita izi, mafelemu apadera amawapachika m'mawindo ake, ndipo malo okhala ndi udzu ndi peat amaikidwa pansi.
Iyi ndi njira yamakono, koma yothandiza yotentha. Zimakuthandizani kuteteza mbalame kuzizira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Komabe, ngati mlimi ali ndi ndalama zowonjezera, ndi bwino kutentha kapena kumanga mphika m'nyumba.
Komanso musaiwale zimenezo payenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino mu nyumba ya nkhuku. Kuyika nkhuku zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana opuma.
Chifukwa cha izi, tsiku ndi tsiku nkhumba imayenera kuwombera. Pazinthu izi, dongosolo lopuma mpweya likukonzedwa kapena mawonekedwe a mawindo akulengedwa. Iwo amatsegulidwa mwadongosolo ndi mwini munda pa nthawi yomwe ikufunika.
Kugula nkhuku kuti pakhale kholo loweta
Akatswiri amalangiza kupanga kholo lamtsogolo la nkhuku zazing'ono zomwe sizinafikepo pachilumba.
Pazinthu izi, nkhuku ziri zoyenera kwambiri kwa miyezi 5-6. Komabe, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti nkhuku zosiyana siyana zimayamba kuika mazira.
Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku, wobereketsa ayenera kusankha anthu abwino okha. Ndi chithandizo chawo, kudzakhala kotheka kupanga maziko abwino a makolo a ana opindulitsa ndi opindulitsa.
Mu thanzi wathanzi wathanzi, chisa nthawi zonse chimakhala chofiira, chachikulu ndi zotanuka.. Sitiyenera kukhala ndi chipika chilichonse, ndipo sikuyenera kuzizira.
Mtunda pakati pa mafupa a pubic sayenera kukhala ochepa kuposa zala zala 4 (pafupifupi 6 cm). Mapeto a mafupawa ayenera kukhala otanuka. Pakati pa mapeto a keel ndi ma pubic angagwirizane ndi kanjedza ya munthu (pafupifupi 9 cm).
The cloaca ya zigawo zabwino nthawizonse mvula, yaikulu ndi yofewa.. Nthenga za ntchentche za dongosolo 1 sizitsanulira.
Zonse zomwe zimawonetseredwa za thupi - cloaca, miyendo, nkhope, khungu lozungulira maso ndi metatarsus sayenera kukhala ndi zokongoletsa zachikasu. Kutalika kwa oviduct nthawi zambiri ndi 60-70 masentimita, koma chiwerengerochi sichidziwika popanda kupha mbalameyi.
Kupanga mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa microclimate
Nkhuku zonse za mtundu wa dzira ziyenera kusungidwa mu zikhalidwe zomwe zimapereka kupereka mazira ochulukirapo.
Ndikofunika kuti oyamba azitsamba amvetsetse kuti nthawi zina kupindula kwabwino kwa microclimate ndizosatheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera.
Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndi zopanda phindu kukonzekera zabwino. M'malo mwake, mitundu ina ya nkhuku imapereka chithandizo chabwino cha dzira kumidzi zakumidzi kusiyana ndi munda waukulu wa nkhuku.
Kutentha m'nyumbamo kumatha kusiyana ndi 16 ° 18 ° C. Pachifukwa ichi, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 70%.
Komanso, sayenera kukhala otsika kwambiri, chifukwa mpweya wouma umakhudza thanzi la nkhuku. Kufulumira kwa kayendetsedwe ka mlengalenga m'nyengo yozizira kumatha kusiyana ndi 0.2 mpaka 0,6 m / s, ndipo nyengo yotentha - mpaka 1 m / s.
Pa nthawi yosungira nkhuku pamalo ozungulira, m'pofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa hydrogen sulfide - sikuyenera kupitirira 5 mg / cu. m, ammonia - osapitirira 15 mg / cu. m, carbon monoxide - osapitirira 0,2%.
Mpweya wabwino m'madera ozungulira uyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino, mwinamwake mbalame zidzasokonezeka pakusungirako.
Bungwe la chizoloŵezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku
Palibe mtundu wa nkhuku zogwiritsa ntchito dzira zomwe zidzasungidwa bwino popanda kusamala tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mwachizoloŵezi, zatsimikiziridwa kuti oyambirira ascents ndi abwino kwa mbalame - pafupi 6 koloko. Atangokwera ku henhouse, amatembenuza kuwala kapena kutumiza nkhuku ku paddock, koma palibe chomwe chikadyetsa.
Chakudya chamadzulo cha mbalame chimabweretsedwa pa 9:00 ndipo pafupipafupi chiyenera kukhala 40 min.. Panthawiyi, onse odyetsa ayenera kukhala opanda kanthu. Mulimonsemo, zochepa za chakudya ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tisayambe kubereka.
Chakudya cha magawo chimapangidwa pa 15:00. Ikhoza kukhala ola limodzi ndi theka, kenako mwini wakeyo ayenera kuchotsa zinyalala kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi pabwalo. Pa 21:00 kuwala kwa nkhuku yotchedwa henhouse kumatuluka kapena mbalame zimayendetsedwa.
Kudyetsa nkhuku
Nkhuku za mtundu wa dzira zimadyetsedwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya chakudya: zouma ndi zowonongeka. Pankhani ya chakudya chouma, mapepala amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndi chithandizo chawo, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku. M'chaka choyamba cha zokolola, thupi la nkhuku likapitirira kukula, mbalame zimafunika kudyetsedwa zakudya zamapuloteni.
Monga lamulo, zakudya zoterezi zimakhala ndi zakudya zambiri, choncho mbalame zomwe zimakhalapo zimakula mofulumira.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zakudya zilizonse zimatha kuphatikizapo zinyama komanso othandizira awo. Komabe, m'pofunikanso kuwonjezera mchere wambiri m'magawo onse osakaniza, kuti tizilombo tizipanga nkhuku mwamsanga.
Monga lamulo, premixes amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zowonjezera zakudya. Iwo amatha kuonjezera kuchepa kwa zakudya ndi 15-20%. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mankhwala omwe ali ndi poizoni ndi poizoni omwe angayambitse matenda owopsa amachotsedwa bwino kuchokera ku thupi la nkhuku.
Mulimonsemo musagwiritse ntchito premix monga chakudya chachikulu. Nkhuku ikhoza kudwala kwambiri kapena kufa chifukwa chodyerera ndi zakudya zoterozo, choncho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zowonjezera fakitale.
Muyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti kugona nkhuku ndi chakudya chophwanyika choyenera kuposa zonse. Zoona zake ndizokuti tirigu wosweka amathandizidwa bwino ndi nyama ya avian. Kawirikawiri, 120 g ya chakudya patsiku amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa aliyense atagona nkhuku za mtundu wa dzira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wamadzi odyetsa, panthawiyi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhuku ziyenera kulandira kuchokera 3 mpaka 4 pa tsiku. Mphamvu yotumikira ikuwerengedwera mwanjira yomwe mbalame yaikulu imatha kuigwedeza pa theka la ora.
Ngati chakudyacho chikadalipo, zikutanthauza kuti mbalame idya kwambiri ndipo sizingatheke kupambana. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chiyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Mitambo yonse yowonjezera yothira madzi owiritsa, nsomba kapena nyama msuzi, skimmed kapena whey.
M'mawa, mbalame ziyenera kulandira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku, madzulo ayenera kudyetsedwa phala lamadzi omwe ali ndi zobiriwira, ndipo asanagone, nkhuku zimalandira chakudya chokha.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo, nkhuku za mtundu wa Dominus zikhoza kukhala zabwino pakulima.Zikoko za Chubaty za ntchitoyi sizili zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa zinalengedwa chifukwa china. Kuti mudziwe kuti ndi yani, werengani izi.
Phala liyenera kukhala lopweteka kwambiri, monga zakudya zowonjezera zingapangitse kutseka ndi kutupa kwa goiter. Kuphatikiza apo, amamatira ku miyendo ndi kuuluka kwa mbalame, kuwapangitsa kukhala odetsedwa kwambiri.
Kuswana kwa mitundu ya dzira
Kawirikawiri, mitundu ya nkhuku izi sizinapangidwe bwino, choncho, kuti azitha kuswana bwino mlimi ayenera kugula chofungatira.
Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse: yoyamba (imatha masiku 1 mpaka 11), yachiwiri (imatha masiku 12 mpaka 18) ndipo lachitatu (limatenga masiku 19 mpaka 21).
Kutentha kwabwino kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi 38 ° C pa 60% kutentha kwa mpweya.. Kwachiwiri, kutentha kwa 37.4 ° C ku 55% chinyezi ndi choyenera, ndipo kwachitatu - 37 ° C ndi 70% chinyezi.
Musaiwale kuti mpweya wabwino umalowa nthawi zonse. Zidzathandiza mazira kukhala bwino, osakwera mumoto.
Choyenera ndi oxygen mu 21%, carbon dioxide - osapitirira 0.12%. Ola lililonse mazira amafunika kusinthasintha 45 ° kotero kuti kamwana kamene sikangamira kumbali imodzi ya dzira. Kawirikawiri, ndondomeko yonse yotsekemera imatenga masabata atatu.
Kusankhidwa kwa anapiye abwino
Mwatsoka, sikuti nkhuku zonse zokwezedwa bwino zimakhala ndi nyumba zabwino komanso zokolola nkhuku za mtundu wa dzira.
Mwachidziwitso, anapiye a masiku onse amagawidwa m'magulu oyambirira ndi achiwiri. Woyamba ndi wamng'ono kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo amakhudzidwa ndi phokoso lililonse m'chipinda.
Nkhuku zimakhala ndi mimba yozungulira, zitsekedwa mndandanda wamtambo, zofewa ndi zowala, zowoneka ndi maso pang'ono.
Gulu lachiwiri la anapiye a nkhuku amaphatikiza nkhuku zowonjezera ndi mimba yofutukuka ndi kugwa pansi. Komanso, sizingakhale zowonjezera, koma sizinayambe kupitirira 2 mm.
Ndikoyenera kukana kwathunthu anapiye ndi mimba ya saggy., osati kuyanika pansi ndi kumvetsera osauka phokoso lililonse.
Kawirikawiri, nkhuku zoterezi zimapachika mapiko kwambiri, nthenda ya umbilical imachoka, ndipo kulemera kwathunthu sikudutsa 30 g. Ndibwino kupha mwana uyu nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chikhoza kufa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko.
Kutsiliza
Kukonzekera ndi kuswana kwa mitundu ya nkhuku ya nkhuku si ntchito yovuta kwa mlimi wachangu.
Pofuna kuteteza nkhuku, nkofunika kukonzekera nyumba yowirira nkhuku yotentha komanso yowuma, kugula chakudya chamagulu, komanso kutenga anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso okhudzidwa kuti apange maziko a kholo. Pokhapokha mutatha kukwaniritsa izi, munthu akhoza kukhala wotsimikiza kuti ziweto zimakhala bwino.
