Hereford ng'ombe yamphongo

Masiku ano, ng'ombe za Hereford - imodzi mwazofala kwambiri padziko lonse la ng'ombe zakutchire. Nyama zazikuluzikuluzi, zolimba zimakhala zooneka kuti zimaoneka bwino komanso zimakhala zolemera kwambiri, komanso zimapatsa nyama zabwino kwambiri.

Mbiri yopondereza

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ng'ombe ya Hereford inalengedwa in angland in herefordshire (mzinda wa Hereford) m'nthawi ya XVIII. Zinali zofunikira kwambiri pakuswana, monga zinyama za mtundu uwu zili minofu kwambiri ndipo zidakali zofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Mitunduyi inalembedwa m'nthawi yamakampani, pamene chiwerengero cha nyama chinkawonjezeka kwambiri. Panali kusowa koweta nyama zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu. Funso la milkiness nthawi imeneyo silinali lovuta kwambiri ndipo kugogomeka kwa luso limeneli la ng'ombe silinaleredwe. Choncho, obereketsa anayamba kuwoloka pakati pawo akuluakulu akukula kwa ng'ombe zofiira ku North Devon ndi ng'ombe zaku Black Sussex. Ng'ombe za mbadwo watsopanowo zinapatsidwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, zimapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yambiri komanso kuwonjezera mphamvu ya masika. Ankadyetsedwa pamodzi ndi ng'ombe zina ndipo amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya cholimba. Ndipo pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri, izo zinadziwika kuti anthu atsopano ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa makolo awo.

Woyambitsa mtunduwu ndi Benjamin Tomkins, amene adalemba chiyambi cha mbiri ya Herefords mu 1742. Iye anali mwini wa ng'ombe ziwiri ndi ng'ombe imodzi, yomwe inakhala oyang'anira aboma a ng'ombe za Hereford. Pomaliza, a Herefords anawonekera atatha kuwonjezera kwa makolo a mwazi wa ng'ombe za shorthorn.

Ng'ombe ya Hereford Bambo Jeffreys, amene adalandira mphoto yoyamba ya Royal Agricultural Exhibition mu 1843 ku Derby

Mu 1846, a Herefords anazindikiritsidwa ngati mtundu weniweni wa ng'ombe, bukhu lawo loyamba la stud linayambira. Pambuyo pake, kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, anayamba kufalikira kuno ku Hereford kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi.

Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya dziko lonse pakati pa ng'ombe zamphongo, zomwe zili mu Guinness Book of Records - ng'ombe yotchedwa Field Marshal ya Chingerezi ya mtundu wa Charolais. Chilemera makilogalamu 1,700 ndipo pafupifupi mamita awiri kutalika!

Zomwe zili kunja

Khadi la bizinesi la ng'ombe ya Hereford - mutu woyera. Ichi ndi mbali yowala kwambiri ya chinyama. Kuwonjezera pa mutu, chovala choyera choyera, mimba ndi ngayaye pamchira. Thupi lonse liri ndi mtundu wofiira kapena wofiira wakuda. Thupi Ng'ombe zowonongeka, ndi minofu yopangidwa bwino, kulemera kwakukulu. Kukula, kuchepa, miyendo yochepa ndi yamphamvu. Thupi liri lonse, lofanana ndi mbiya, ndi zowonekera. Khosi ndi lalifupi, ndipo chiwombankhanga chimawombera.

Khungu ku Hereford woonda ndi zotanuka, ophimbidwa ndi ubweya wofewa komanso wokhala ndi tsitsi lofiira, womwe umaonekera kwambiri pamutu ndi pamutu. Pansi pa khungu pali mafuta osanjikiza.

Chikhalidwe cha Classic Hereford ndi mwiniwake nyangazomwe zimatsogoleredwa kumbali ndi patsogolo kapena pansi. Nyanga zokha ndi zoyera, koma malingaliro awo ndi mdima.

Amadziwika bwino ndi nyama (Kalmyk, Kazakh, Highland, Aberdeen-Angus) ndi nyama ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe (Simmental, Shorthorn).

Masiku ano, ambiri ndi awa a Herefords a mtundu wa mtundu, umene alibe nyanga. Ichi ndi kusiyana kokha kwa oimira akale. Kupezeka kwa nyanga kumapangitsa miyoyo ya nyama kukhala yotetezeka pofufuza za maubwenzi oweta, kotero tsopano makamaka ng'ombe zopanda ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zomwe zimatengedwa mwachindunji.

Komanso, nthumwi za mitundu iyi sizipereka zokolola zazikulu, kotero kudyetsa ng'ombe sikunapangidwe bwino, koyenera komanso kochepa. Oimira a Hereford KRS ali ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

• kutalika kumafota kuchokera 120 mpaka 130 cm;
• chest girth kuyambira 190 mpaka 195 masentimita mu anapiye ndipo kuchokera 210 mpaka 215 cm mu ng'ombe;
• Kuchuluka kwa chifuwa ndi pafupi 72 cm;
• thunthu kutalika mpaka 153 cm;
• Ng'ombe zalemera kuchokera pa 650 mpaka 850 kg, ng'ombe - kuchokera 900 mpaka 1350 kg;
• kulemera kwa atsikana obadwa kumene 25 mpaka 30 kg, ng'ombe - kuyambira 28 mpaka 33 kg;
• Ng'ombe yoyamba ya ng'ombe ikupezeka pakati pa miyezi 24 ndi 30.

Ndikofunikira! Apafords akuluakulu ku UK ali ndi miyeso yochulukirapo kuposa ng'ombe zomwe zimapezeka ku Russia. Choncho, ku England, ng'ombe zimalemera 800 kg, ndi ng'ombe - kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.5 matani. Ku Russia, ng'ombe zimangofika makilogalamu 850 okha, ndipo ng'ombe ndizochepa.

Chifukwa chiyani musunge: malangizo

Apafords ndi ng'ombe ng'ombeyomwe imapereka nyama yapamwamba - ng'ombe yamphongo, yomwe imayamikiridwa kwambiri pakuphika. Kupha zipatso kuchokera ku nyama ndi pafupifupi 60%, ndipo nthawi zina kufika 70%. Mkaka kuchokera ku ng'ombe uli wolemera (mpaka 4%), komabe mkaka wa mkaka ndi wawung'ono ndipo makamaka umagwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe. Choncho, ng'ombezi sizimasungidwa mkaka.

Apafords ndizogulitsa kugulitsa nyama. Nkhumba zimabereka zochepa (mpaka 30 kg wolemera). Mimba ya kubadwa ndi yapamwamba, calving imadutsa mosavuta chifukwa cha thupi lochepetseka ndi kukula kwake kwa mwana, kotero kuti mwana wamwamuna ndi wamng'ono (osapitirira 2%).

Nkhumba zimalemera mofulumira - Pakafika chaka, ng'ombe zimakhala zolemera mpaka makilogalamu 320, ndipo zimapatsa makilogalamu 270. Kwa zaka chimodzi ndi theka, kulemera kwawo kukuwirikiza. Kuwonjezereka kwa minofu pafupifupi pafupifupi 1100 patsiku. Pa msinkhu, ng'ombe imatha zaka 2-2.5. Kuchuluka kwalemera kwa kuno kuno kumafikira matani limodzi ndi theka.

Zikopa zotsekemera, zoonda ndi zowonongeka za nyama izi zimayamika kwambiri popanga matumba, zikwama ndi nsapato. Nthano za Hereford - Imeneyi ndi ng'ombe yamphongo yabwino, ndipo zokolola zawo zimawonedwa kuti ndizo zabwino kwambiri. Nyama izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga nyama ndi mafakitale, koma pakuti malo omwe ali payekha palimodzi siwothandiza kwambiri, popeza mtengo wofuna kupeza chiwerengero chokwanira ndi waukulu.

Nkhosa za ng'ombe za mkaka zimaonedwa kuti ndi Yaroslavl, Kholmogory, Jersey, Holstein, Chilatini cha bulauni, chifiira, Dutch, Ayrshire.

Kufalikira mu dziko

Lero, ng'ombe izi zimakhala zofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakula kwambiri m'mayiko monga UK, Australia, Canada, USA, New Zealand. M'mayiko a CIS, ng'ombe za Hereford zimakhala ndi zikuluzikulu kwambiri m'madera ambiri a Russia ndi Kazakhstan.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Ngati muli mochedwa ndi milking ndi theka la ora, voliyumu ya mkaka zidzatsika ndi 5%, ndipo mafuta ake okhutira ndi 0.2-0.4%.

Mtundu wa nyama

Ng'ombe za ng'ombe za Hereford ndizopambana kwambiri. Nyamayo ndi miyala ya marble ndipo imaonedwa kuti ndi yokoma. Imakhala yofiira komanso imakhala ndi mafuta osakanikirana, omwe amapereka maonekedwe a marble.

Nyama ndi yowutsa komanso yofewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito kuphika steaks - osati yokazinga ndi sing'anga. Zokonda ndizopamwamba ndipo zimayamikiridwa ndi gourmets.

Kodi zimapatsa mkaka wangati?

Musayesetse kupeza mkaka wa ng'ombe wa Hereford, chifukwa nyamayi idapangidwira kuti ikhale ndi nyama zamtengo wapatali.

Udoy kawirikawiri sadutsa 1000 malita. Mtengo wamkaka ndi wapamwamba, mafuta ndi abwino (4%).

Mkaka wonse wa mkaka nthawi zambiri amapita kukadyetsa ana a miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo wawo - pali mkaka wokwanira pazinthu izi. Koma chifukwa cha mafakitale, mkaka wa ng'ombezi sukusonkhanitsidwa.

Phunzirani zambiri za ubwino ndi zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito makina oyendetsa ng'ombe.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Mitsinje ya Herefords imapangitsa kuti ikhale yochuluka, kumene nyama zimatha kukhala mosasuka. Pakati pake ndi odyetsa. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za malo oterowo ndi owuma, kusowa kojambula ndi ukhondo. Ngakhale kuti mtunduwo umasinthika mosavuta ndi nyengo yozizira, sumalekerera drafts ndi mkulu chinyezi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nyamazi sizimakonda kwambiri kutentha, kotero kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yozizira, koma osati yotentha kwambiri. Kuti nyama zisamaundane, amafunika kutsuka nthawi zonse ndikusakaniza ubweya, chifukwa ndi zoonda, zotalika komanso zowonongeka, choncho zimatha kupanga mapuloteni. Ngati ubweya wathyoledwa, sizidzasangalatsa ng'ombe, ndipo siziwoneka zosangalatsa.

Komanso, nyumba imodzi yokhala ndi ngongole imayikidwa mu khola, kumene ng'ombe zimasamutsidwa masiku angapo asanabeleke ndikukhala kumeneko kwa kanthawi pambuyo pobereka. N'zotheka kukonza cholembera chofanana cha ng'ombe, kuti aziwalekanitse ndi zaka. Komabe, kudyetsa chilimwe, nyama zonse zimakhala pamodzi m'malo odyetserako ufulu.

Ng'ombe za Hereford ndizokonda ufulu, choncho sizimasungidwa. Ayenera kusuntha momasuka pakhomo, pokhala ndi zolowa zakumwa zamadzi ndi madzi, omwe ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikira! Mtundu uwu ndi wamanyazi mwachibadwa ndipo ukhoza kuwopsya ndi kayendedwe kadzidzidzi kapena phokoso lalikulu pambali pake. Choncho, mukasamalira zinyama, pitirizani kukhala chete, ndipo kuyenda kwanu kukhale kochedwa komanso kofatsa.

Apafords ali ndi thanzi labwino ndipo samadwala nthawi zambiri. Komabe, ali ndi chizoloŵezi cha matenda akuluakulu obadwa nawo. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukhala ndi squamous cell carcinoma mu diso. Anthu omwe akukhala m'mayiko otentha, komwe amalandira kuwala kowala kwambiri, amawopsezedwa kwambiri. Zowopsa ndizo ng'ombe zomwe zilibe mdima m'maso. Ng'ombe zomwe zimakhala ndi dzuwa nthawi zambiri zimawotchera. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti pansi pa ubweya woyera pamakhala kawirikawiri khungu - palibe melanin pigment mmenemo, yomwe imayenera kutetezedwa ku mazira a ultraviolet. Udder uli ndi chovala cha thinnest, choncho nthawi zambiri chimatentha.

Werengani za matenda a ng'ombe ndi chithandizo chawo: kutupa kwa matenda, ubongo, khansa ya m'magazi, mastitis, pasteurellosis, ketosis.

Kwa ena onse, mtundu wa Hereford ndi wosavuta kusunga, osati kuumirira zinthu ndi kutentha, ndipo amatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi kuzizira kumatha bwanji?

Ng'ombe za ku Hereford zimatha kusintha nyengo iliyonse. Amapirira ozizira, ngakhale chisanu choopsa cha Siberia, mwamsanga kusintha kwa nyengo.

Ng'ombe za mtundu uwu zimatha kulekerera nyengo yotentha ya ku Africa, nyengo yozizira yomwe ili m'dera lozungulira, ndi kutentha kwa kumpoto kwenikweni. Mpweya wabwino ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri kuposa dzuwa lotentha nthawi zonse.

Zimene mungadye

Pakubala mtundu wa Hereford, obereketsawo amakhala ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa ng'ombe yomwe ingakhale yolemera pa udzu wokha, m'mabusa osauka. Choncho, kudyetsa kwawo kuyenera kukhala udzu.

Malangizo kwa obereketsa nyama: momwe angadyetse ng'ombe ndi mkaka.

M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nyama zimaloledwa kukhala msipu wopanda maudzu, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi udzu. Kuti apeze Forford kulemera mofulumira ayenera kuphatikizidwa mu zakudya zawo:

• udzu wochokera ku zokolola ndi zokolola zowoneka bwino (zoterezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti azidyera ng'ombe kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi kubereka);
• balere wamchere;
• chakudya chabwino;
• beetroot (normalizes m'mimba microflora);
• feteleza ndi phosphorous, mapuloteni ndi calcium (zimathandizira kulimbitsa mafupa ndi kulemera kolemera).

Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe za Hereford zimadya chakudya chochuluka kwambiri. Choncho, mpaka mitu 10 mukhoza kutenga matani 150 a udzu.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Ng'ombe za Hereford zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina makhalidwe abwino:

• chiwerengero cha mwana wamwamuna atabereka;
• mkulu;
• kukula;
• kukula kwa ng'ombe;
• Kupindula mofulumira, komwe kumatha kufika 1 kg pa tsiku;
• Kusintha kwabwino kwa nyengo, ngakhale mwamphamvu, zomwe zimatheketsa kubzala ng'ombe izi pamene zinthu sizikuyenera kwa mitundu ina;
• kudziletsa kudya pamene ng'ombe zimadya ngakhale namsongole;
• kukana matenda ambiri;
• chipiriro, chifukwa chake ng'ombe zikuloleza mosavuta kuzungulira kwautali, zimatha kukhala paulendo kwa nthawi yaitali;
• high quality nyama marble.

Mavuto a mtunduwu ndi awa:

• Kudya chakudya chochuluka ndi ziweto, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira;
• kusalolera kulekerera zojambula ndi kutentha kwakukulu;
• kuonjezera kufunika kwa ukhondo ndi ukhondo;
• mkaka wotsika mkaka, umene uli wokwanira kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe m'miyezi yoyamba ya moyo.

Ndikofunikira! Nyama yamapiri omwe amakula m'chilimwe ndi pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi theka yotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi nyama ya "chisanu". Ndipo chifukwa chakuti m'nyengo ya chilimwe, ng'ombe zimadyetsa udzu wa msipu 100%, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wa chakudya chawo ndi kusamalira.

Video: Hereford ng'ombe ya ng'ombe

Hereford breeder amafufuza za mtunduwo

Zomera zabwino. Mmodzi wa odzichepetsa kwambiri ku Ulaya. Chibadwa chabwino cha amayi. Koma ... Monga mtundu wina uliwonse, zikhalidwe zina zimayenera kuti ziweto ndi zokolola zikhale zabwino osati kudzidya okha kuzu. M'chilimwe timafuna msipu wokwanira.

Ndikolay Permyako

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Hereford anapha zaka 3.5, chifukwa mafutawa anali ndi miyezi 1.5 (0,5 g ya rupiya +0.5 makilogalamu a chakudya cha soya), chilimwe mu udzu wopanda udzu, kulemera kwachonde popanda mutu, ziboda, woperekera katundu ndi 410 makilogalamu. khungu lolemera makilogalamu 41 linatulutsa, + kuchokera ku makilogalamu 12 a nyama yamphongo inakanizidwa, Fat anali ndi mapaipi awiri akuluakulu, idya, inali yowawa kwambiri, koma yokoma kwambiri, makasitomala okwana makilogalamu 380 akupera maola 4 pamtengo. pakhosi pamutu 350, mapewa 300, nthiti 280. Nyama yofewa ndi streaks.

IROK

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Ng'ombe za ku Hereford zimatengedwa kuti ndizofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kutchuka kwake kumakhala koyenera chifukwa cha zipatso zopweteka kwambiri za nyama zamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali wa mabokosi, chakudya chodzichepetsa komanso chophweka. Ng'ombe za Hereford ndizofunikira kwambiri ku zinyama zamakampani. Ndipo pulawuni yaumwini, nyama yoteroyo ikhoza kugwira ntchito yabwino, yomwe ikugwira nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo mitu yambiri.