Mphesa - chomera chokongola, cholemekezeka, chomwe amalima anthu zochitika zakale. Ndipo lero, pokhala ndi mitundu yatsopano yopambana komanso yosagonjetsedwa, chidwi cha chikhalidwechi chikungowonjezereka.
Zokometsera, zokometsera zipatso ndi zokondweretsa zimakula pa ziwembu zawo ogwira ntchito amalimala komanso osamalira wamaluwa m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikoli.
Pakalipano, mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, ndi maonekedwe osiyana siyana ndi maluso omwe angagwiritse ntchito ogula ovuta kwambiri, adzalumikizidwa.
Mmodzi wa iwo ali zosiyanasiyana "Rusven", yomwe ndi gulu la "ubongo" la obereketsa Russia ndi Hungary.
Mphesa Rusven: kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana
"Rusven" - mphesa ya pinki ya mphesa zoyambirira kucha.
Kwa pink pinbulo mitundu ndi mitundu Dubovskiy pinki, Amirkhan ndi Angelica.
Chifukwa cha zovuta zake, zokoma zosavuta ndi zokondweretsa ndemanga-nutmeg ndemanga Zabwino popanga vinyo. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito mwatsopano.
Nyengo yochepa kwambiri, chiwerengero cha masiku 110-115, amakulolani kukula izi zosiyanasiyana mmadera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malo ozizira, monga madera a Moscow, Central ndi North-Western za dzikoli.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu "Rusvena" yowonjezera zipatso ndi kuphuka kwabwino. The cuttings za zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana mizu kwambiri mwamsanga ndipo m'chaka chachiwiri akhoza kubala zipatso.
Zokolola zabwino zimasonyezedwa ndi mitundu ya Isabella, Podarok Magaracha ndi Chikumbutso cha Kherson wokhala ku Chilimwe.
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya mphesayi ikuyenera kuphatikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri amanyamula mitundu ina, koma kuti apeze zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri ndi maonekedwe okongola ndikuthandizira zokolola, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zofananazo polemba "Rusvena".
Maonekedwe ndi zosiyana
Mphesa "Rusven" ndi gulu la mitundu yofiira komanso yolimba yomwe imakhala ndi mphukira zamphamvu, zamphamvu. Zili ndi magulu akuluakulu, opangidwa bwino kwambiri omwe amatha kupanga mawonekedwe a kanyumba kamene amawoneka bwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi phiko. Kulemera kwake kwa maburashi ndiko pafupifupi 350-550 gkoma akhoza kufika 1 makilogalamu.
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Ndi miyeso ya 23x22mm, amayeza 56 g. Yowutsa, yokhala ndi minofu komanso yamtengo wapatali.
Muscat kukoma ndi kusonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana Gwirirani Muscat, Galben Nou ndi Muscat Pleven.
Peel - wochepa thupi, wabwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi wobiriwira-pinki, wokhala ndi dzuŵa kwa nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi zofiira pang'ono.
Chiwerengero cha magulu pa mphukira - 1-1.5 ma PC. Chipatso cha maso - chabwino pambali yonse. Malo ololedwa pa chitsamba - mabowo 30-40. Mbewu - 6-8 maso, koma amatha kudula ndi awafupi: 2-4 maso. Pachifukwa ichi, mphesa zidzasangalatsa ndi zazikulu, zokometsera zokongola, zolemera 1 kilogalamu, ndi zipatso zokoma, zokoma kwambiri.
Momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, zipatso za "Rusven" zimatha kusokoneza, kutaya chidwi chawo ndi kuwonetsera.
Pofuna kupewa chodabwitsa ichi, dothi pansi pa tchire liyenera kulumikizidwa, ndipo mulch wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala wandiweyani okwanira (osachepera 5-8 masentimita).
Malangizo othandiza:
- Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kukula kwa mphamvu ya mphukira za zosiyanasiyana ndi katundu wawo ndi maburashi.
- Pozindikira kuti kukula kwa masango kumachepetsedwa, m'pofunikira kupanga kudulira kwawo kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mbali zonse zapansi pa burashi iliyonse.
- Kuyeretsa maburashi osapsa akhoza kuikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndi kusungidwa mu firiji, pogwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira kumaphatikizapo kuphika (mphesa iyi ndi yabwino makamaka palimodzi ndi yamatcheri).
Chithunzi
Mbiri ya chiyambi ndi kusankha
Mitundu yambiri "Rusven" imayenera kuonekera kwa obereketsa maiko awiri: Russia ndi Hungary. Akatswiri a FSBI VNIIVIV iwo. Ya.I. Potapenko, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, ndi NIIVIV, Kecskemet, Hungary.
Malangizo omwe makolo amawathandiza kupanga mitundu ya mphesayi adagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu R-66 ndi Muscat de Saint Valle (CB 20-473).
Ngakhale kuti "kum'mwera" kunayambira, mphesa ya Rusven ndi yabwino kukula m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikoli ndipo imakhala yabwino kumadera a Moscow, kumene nyengoyi imakhala yopanda pogona ndipo imapereka zokolola zabwino nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kukalamba kwakukulu komanso kuchepa kwa matenda.
Mofanana ndi wodzichepetsa komanso wodekha Aleshenkin Dar, Giovanni ndi Denisovsky.
Zizindikiro
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zosiyana siyana za "Rusven", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotchuka ndi ogulitsa vinyo, ndizo kubereka kwakukulu ndi zokolola, kuyambira 13 mpaka 16 t / ha.
Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera pamtunda ndi 65-80%. Kuchuluka kwa mbeu: 1.1 - 1.5.
Kukoma kwa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kogwirizana komanso kosangalatsa. Mitundu ngati Ruta, Chokoleti kapena Romeo ingadzitamande kwambiri.
Zamkatimu shuga mu zipatso - pafupifupi 20%, ndi acidity kuchokera 7 mpaka 9 g / l. Zabwino kwambiri "Rusven" pakukonzekera mavinyo apamwamba a mchere ndi tebulo.
Ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa chisanu. Amalekerera kutentha kwapakati (mpaka -25-27 digri), popanda kufunika kuti pakhale malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira. Zimasiyanitsa kuyenda bwino, kuyendetsa popanda kutaya mawonekedwe ake ndi maonekedwe okongola.
Kusakanizidwa kozizira kwambiri ndikuwonetsa kukongola kwa kumpoto, Super Extra ndi Arched.
Zokwanira mokwanira kwa matenda ena a mphesa, monga mildew, oidium, anthracnose, chlorosis ndi mitundu yovunda yosiyanasiyana.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Mphuno ya muscat ya "Rusven", yomwe imawoneka pakubzala zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, ndi nsomba yeniyeni ya tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa - mavu, omwe amadya zipatso zake zokoma zowutsa mudyo, zomwe zimawopsa kwambiri kukolola. Komanso, misozi imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri mvula ikagwa, pamene zipatso zowonongeka zikuwoneka pa tchire, motero nkofunikira kutenga njira zotetezera mphesa kuti zisagwedezeke.
Komanso, pali njira zingapo zothana ndi "tsoka" ili:
- Ndi pepala lakuda kapena nsalu. Amaphimba zipatso zakucha, ndipo misozi silingathe kuwafikira.
- Mukhozanso kugwiritsanso ntchito phokoso kapena caprone (chifukwa chaichi mungagwiritse ntchito matayala akale a nylonsi) matumba ang'onoang'ono ndipo mwaulemu muwaike pamagulu.
Njira iyi ndi, ndithudi, yovuta, koma yothandiza kwambiri. Mwa njira, ndi kuthandizira zipatso zabwino zingathenso kutetezedwa ku mbalame.
- Kugwiritsa misampha. Pakupanga kwawo, mutha kutenga jamu wakale, ndikuupaka ndi madzi, ndikuwatsanulira m'mabotolo a pulasitiki, motero mumadzaza 1/3 ya voliyumu yawo.
Chotsatiracho chimakhala kuti chikhale pamtunda wa trellis kapena nthambi za mitengo yapafupi. Manyowa, omwe amakopeka ndi fungo lokoma, adzalowera mwa iwo kuti ayese "kuchiza", koma sangathe kubwerera.
Njira ina: kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a shuga, kvass kapena mowa (tizilombo tili ndi zofooka zapadera). Iwo amaikidwanso mu mabotolo apulasitiki (kapena magalasi a magalasi).
M'mabotolo a pulasitiki, mbali yam'mwamba imadulidwa, inatembenuzidwa ndikuyikidwa mumsampha pamsana (ngati chingwe).
Kuti zitheke bwino, madontho angapo a tizilombo angathe kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho.
Zida zoterezi zimayenera kupachikidwa pamphepete mwa munda wamphesa (makamaka padzakhala bwino) isanafike fruiting yake. Nthawi ndi nthawi misampha imachotsedwa tizilombo zakufa ndikusintha maonekedwe a nyambo.
Njira inanso yochitira: siric acid mankhwala kapena kupanikizana. Gawo lomaliza limapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Atagwera mumsampha wotere, nyongolotsi zidzanyamula "poizoni" pazinyalala zawo, ndikuwombera mphutsi mu chisa ndi chiberekero, zomwe zingathandize kuwathetsa mwamsanga.
Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndikutsatira malamulo oyendetsera zamagetsi, mukhoza kukula mochititsa chidwi, mphesa zokongola komanso zochititsa chidwi pa chiwembu chanu, chomwe anthu onse akuyandikira adzakondwera nacho, ndipo adzamva bwino ngakhale m'madera otentha, mwachitsanzo, m'madera a Moscow.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti "kubereka" ndi zokolola, "Rusven" siyenerera kwa oyamba kumene. olima amphesa chifukwa chosowa chisamaliro mu chisamaliro ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa mavu ndi kuphulika zipatso.
Pofuna kupeŵa mavutowa, nkofunika kupanga zovuta zowonongeka m'nthawi ndi kuteteza mphesa ku tizirombo panthawi yake.
Kenaka "Rusven" idzakupatsani zokolola zabwino ndi masango akuluakulu, odzola komanso opatsa mtima komanso chimwemwe.
