Mitundu yambiri ya zomera m'minda yamakono ndi m'midzi ya m'midzi yakunja imakhala yosangalatsa. Olima munda amapanga njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito matekinoloje, kufesa, komanso kukula kwa zomera zomwe zimalonjeza kuti zidzakula bwino.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, zomera zowonjezera zomwe zakhala zowonjezeka pamagome, pa mndandanda wa zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi vwende, amasangalala ndi kutchuka kwambiri. Momwe mungabzalitsire vwende, amadziwa pafupifupi munda aliyense wodziwa bwino, ngakhale pali zinthu zingapo, opatsidwa kuti mutenge bwino.
Mavwende, ndi chiyani: masamba, mabulosi kapena zipatso?
Ngakhale pakati pa odziwa bwino wamaluwa ndi okonda mavwende, owerengeka sangathe kuyankha molondola funso lomwe banja ili liyenera kupatsidwa. Ngati wina ayesa kukoma kwa vwende, ndiye kuti akhoza kugawidwa ngati chipatso ndi chidaliro chonse, popeza ali ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri, komanso fungo lokoma.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati tiyesa kufanana ndi vwende lina - chivwende, vwende ikhoza kutchulidwa ndi banja la zipatso, koma izi ndi zolakwitsa. Malingana ndi mtundu wa mitundu, vwende ndilo la kalasi ya zomera zamatumba, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mizu ya vwende, yomwe ili m'njira zambiri mofanana ndi ena oimira mitundu iyi. Choncho vwende - masamba.
Mavuni atsogoleredwa kwa zaka zambiri, monga zotsatira za zomwe zatayika kale, kuchokera kumene zinayambira koyamba. Poona kuti ali ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mbewu za masamba, zipatso, komanso zipatso, akatswiri amanena za zomera zachinyengo kapena za dzungu.
Mukudziwa? Pali chikhulupiliro chakuti vwende ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zomwe abusa ambuye akubwera pansi. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya vwende imakhala yosangalatsa. Komanso, vwende ndi anti-kukalamba katundu. M'mayiko angapo, kuphatikizapo pafupi ndi mayiko akunja (Turkmenistan, Abkhazia, Tajikistan ndi ena), vwende mumagulu amodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala amtundu kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchiza matenda.
Kubzala mavwende pamtunda
Njira yodziwika bwino komanso yambiri yobzala chivwende ndiyo kubzala mbewu. Kuti njirayi ikhale yopambana, kukhazikitsidwa kwake kuyenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo zazikulu zomwe zingathandize kuti chitukukocho chikhale choyenera, komanso zipatso zabwino.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale, mavwende ndi mavwende nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, komanso ankasamalira bwino. Chizoloŵezichi chinaloleza kupeza zokolola zazikulu m'madera onse a dziko, mosasamala za nyengo. Pakadali pano, kufika pamtunda sikutchulidwa.Muyenera kukumbukira zimenezo vwende - Ichi ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda dzuŵa ndipo chimakhala chosasangalatsa kwa chinyontho chochulukirapo, choncho posankha malo, kukonda kumaperekedwa kunthaka, kumene madzi sangapangire, komanso kutsegula malo otentha ndi dzuwa tsiku lonse.
Kumene kuli bwino kudzala vwende pa webusaitiyi
Poganizira zosowa za mmera, nthaka mumunda wokhala ndi mthunzi wambiri ndizosayenera. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malo omwe akuunikiridwa ndi dzuwa kwa tsiku lonse kudzakhala bwino.
Zolinga zotere mungagwiritse ntchito malo, omwe ali kutali ndi magwero a chinyezi. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito malo omwe ali pamphepete mwa nyumba ya chilimwe kapena munda.
Ndikofunikira! Pakukula, vwende imapanga mpesa, pomwe zipatso zimawonekera. Chifukwa cha ichi, nkofunika kuti dera lodzala vwende ndilokwanira kokwanira. Izi zidzalola kuti zikhale bwino ndikuletsa mipesa kuti isalowe m'mabedi ena, omwe ndi osafunika kwambiri, chifukwa mpesa sungakhoze kuwononga komanso kuwononga mbewu zina.
Pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe zili bwino ndi bwino kubzala vwende
Mukamapempha zomwe vwende limakula, musaiwale kuti kusinthasintha kwa mbeu ndilo lamulo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limathandiza kukwaniritsa zisonyezo za khalidwe ndi zokolola za mbewu ngati vwende.
Ndichifukwa chake posankha dothi lodzala liyenera kumvetsera miyambo yakale. Mitengo yambiri yofunika kwambiri m'nthaka idzapezeka ndi vwende ngati itabzalidwa m'malo anyezi, turnips, kabichi, beets, radish, nyemba, komanso herbaceous osatha.
Zomera zoyandikana siziyenera kukhala nkhaka ndi maungu. Malo abwino kwambiri okhala m'dera la vwende la munda ndi chimanga ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, kupatulapo parsley. Malo oterowo samangokhala ovulaza, koma amaperekanso chikhalidwe chokhalira chitukuko cha zomera.
Momwe mungakonzekeretse nthaka yobzala
Musanayambe kusungunula vwende mumunda, munda kapena munda, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera nthaka kuti mubzala. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo pamalo otseguka, koma otetezedwa ku mphepo. M'nyengo ya m'dzinja, dera ili limakumbidwa, pambuyo pake phokoso limayambira mmenemo ndi chiwerengero cha 3-4 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi.
Ngati malowa ndi owala, omwe sali oyenera kumanga mavwende, mchenga wa mtsinje uyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndi kuwerengera kwa mitsuko 0,5 ya mchenga pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Kumapeto kwa njira zapamwambazi, nthaka imakhalabe yozizira.
Mu kasupe, nthaka yokhala ndi udzu iyenera kubwezeretsedwa komanso kuwonjezeredwa ndi phosphates ndi potaziyamu. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kungathe kuwerengedwa pa phukusi, chifukwa ndalama zomwe analangizidwa kuti ntchito zingasinthe malinga ndi wopanga.
Nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo, feteleza feteleza kapena manyowa ovunda ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi. Mavwende akukula mumakonzedwe okonzedwa motere adzatsogolera kukolola zabwino.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbeu za vwende zofesa
Chinthu china chopeza mavwende abwino ndikokonzekera bwino mbeu za kufesa. Mbewu ingathe kugulidwa pa sitolo yapadera kapena yosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chipatso chomwe chimakula pachokha. Chisankho chiyenera kuimitsidwa pamakope akuluakulu.
Musanadzale vwende ndi mbeu, ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi njira zogulitsira zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo, kapena ndi mankhwala a zinc sulphate ndi boric asidi, omwe angateteze ku matenda osiyanasiyana omwe mbewu za mbewu zoterezo zimatha. Ndibwino kuti soak asungunuke mbeu m'malo mutabzala maola 12.
Ndikofunikira! Zogulitsa zamtundu wina zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mankhwala ochulukitsa mbewu asanayambe kubzala. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'tsogolomu chipatso cha vwende chidzadyidwanso, chifukwa chomwe chilimbikitsidwa kuti apereke zosankha zowonjezera zomwe zolemba zake zilibe zinthu zoyipa kwa anthu, kapena kuti sizing'onozing'ono.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu za vwende
Mutatha kukonza, mukhoza kuyamba kubzala mbewu. Malingana ndi zokonda zanu ndi mwayi wa kubzala mbewu zingathe kuchitidwa poyera pansi ndi miphika yakukula mbande. Kwa zolinga zoterozo, kugwiritsa ntchito mapeyala a peat ndi mamita 10 masentimenti ndikoyenera kwambiri.
Peat ndi mchenga akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi losakaniza, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Kubzala mbewu mu miphika imeneyi iyenera kuchitidwa mozama kwambiri kuposa masentimita asanu, ndipo kutentha kwake kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 20.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kubzala bwino kwa mbande ya vwende pansi ndi kusamalira mosamala mizu. Njira yabwino ndiyo kudzala vwende mu dzenje limodzi ndi nthaka imene mbuto imakula.
Poyamba, pang'ono ndi humus ndi madzi ayenera kuwonjezedwa ku zitsime. Mutabzala, mbande ziyenera kutsanulidwa mochulukira, ndikuzazidwa ndi nthaka youma.
Pamene mavwende amabzalidwa, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti chomeracho chiyenera kusungidwa mumthunzi kwa masiku ochepa mutabzala, chifukwa ndizochitika kuti zikhale bwino.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu masana ndi usiku, chomeracho chimafuna kutetezedwa kwina, kotero usiku ukhoza kuphimbidwa ndi filimuyo. Filamu yomweyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubisala mvula, kotero kuti musapewe kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chosafuna kunthaka.
Kusamala kwambiri mavwende pa webusaitiyi
Kusamala kwambiri mavwende kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunikira zomwe zingathandize kuti zokolola zambiri zikhale zochepa, komanso kukaniza matenda.
Mavwende ayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse kuti apereke mizu yoyenera ndi mpweya wabwino, chakudya, madzi, ndi kuchotsa nthawi zonse namsongole zomwe zingalepheretse kukula kwa mbeu. Ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta komanso yomveka ngakhale kwa woyang'anira minda yachinyamata.
Ndikofunika kuteteza mavwende kuchokera ku mbalame, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawombera mphukira ndi kuwawononga. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa dongosolo la scaring patsamba.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndikofunika kuti mutenge zipatso za vwende nthawi zonse, ndi kuteteza chipatso kuti musagwirizane ndi nthaka mukulimbikitsidwa kuyika mbale kuti mupewe matenda ambiri ndikusunga mbewu.
Kodi kuthirira amakonda vwende
Mavwende a chikasu amachokera kumayiko a ku Asia, choncho chomera sichimalola chinyezi chokwanira. Panthawi youma, m'pofunika kuthirira madzi kamodzi pa sabata. Pa nthawi yomweyi, madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ofunda kwambiri, ndipo ulimi wothirira uyenera kuchitidwa molunjika pansi pazu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira, komanso kukhudzana ndi masamba a vwende, kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana, kuchepa kapena kutaya kwathunthu mbewu. Nthawi imene mvula yamkuntho imakhala yochuluka kwambiri kuposa dothi la vwende, iyenera kuphimbidwa ngati chomerachi chikuyesa kupweteka kuti chinyezi chiwonjezeke. 
Ndikofunikira! Alimi ndi alangizi omwe akudziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kukonza mwachitsulo mothandizidwa ndi galasi yotsutsana ndi mvula mukamadzala vwende - zidzateteza dothi kuti lisawonongeke ndi chinyezi, koma lidzalola kuti dzuwa likhale lokwanira. Kuthirira pazu, ndibwino kuti bungwe likhale lokonzedwa bwino mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka madzi (chubu yomwe imatsogolera ku mizu) - kuthirira kotere kumakhala kotheka komanso kotetezeka.
Kodi ndi chakudya chotani mavwende?
Ndibwino kuti mudye mavwende ndi mchere komanso feteleza. Pakati pa mchere feteleza, chofunika kwambiri kwa zomerazi ndizo calcium ndi potaziyamu. Ndibwino kuti mupange feteleza mchere pambuyo pa mvula kapena kuthirira ndi kutulutsa nthaka.
Pokhapokha pali potaziyamu okwanira m'nthaka, njira zopangidwira ndi maluwa a maluwa azimayi zimasinthidwa kwambiri, choncho zokolola zimakula. Kuonjezera apo, mcherewu umathandiza kuonjezera chomera chotsutsana ndi matenda, komanso kumathandizira kusakaniza. Panthawi yomwe mwanayo amapanga, chofunika chomera potaziyamu chikuwonjezeka.
Manyowa a feteleza okhala nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous, komanso mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu ndizofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la zomera. Wopambana kwambiri zosiyanasiyana organic feteleza mavwende - humus, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zotsalira za zomera ndi zinyama.
Angagwiritsenso ntchito manyowa ovunda. Manyowa a feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a zothetsera mavuto mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 5, motsogoleredwa ndi ulimi wochuluka wothirira, zomwe zingapewe kuwonjezeka koopsa kwa nitrates.
Kodi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yotani?
Kuti mupange bwino chitsamba, yesani kuthira vwendekuti, pakati pazinthu zina, zimakhudza mtengo wa kucha kwa mwanayo. Pa kutukuka kwakukulu, kupindikizidwa kumachitika pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu, pomwe pazowonjezera, pambuyo pa mapepala atatu kumbuyo kwa ovary.
Njirayi imakupatsani kusunga zakudya mkati mwa chomera ndikuwatumiza ku mapangidwe a chipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandiza kupewa matenda angapo omwe angapangidwe mu zomera zofooka.
Malamulo a kucha ndi kukolola
Nthawi yakucha ya vwende imadalira dera limene limakula. Zinthu zakuthambo zimakhudza kwambiri momwe mavwende amakula ndi kucha. M'madera otentha, njirazi zimachitika mofulumira, koma m'madera ozizira, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa vwende, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nthawi ya kukula kwa mbewu, mapangidwe a chipatso ndi kusasitsa. Komanso, kukoma kwa mavwende kumadalira izi.
Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, vwende akhoza kukhala wachikasu, kuwala kwalanje, komanso mdima wonyezimira kapena woyera. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chipatso chimadalira zosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Mudziko muli mitundu yambiri ya vwende Yubari King, yomwe imati ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Amalimidwa kokha m'chigawo chaling'ono chaku Japan. Wolemekezeka ndi zokoma kwambiri komanso zokoma zokoma zapakati, zimakhala zofunikira pakati pa ndalama zambiri zomwe sizinachitikepo - mpaka $ 20,000 pa kilogalamu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mungagule izi pamasitolo apadera.
Kupanga mavwende pamunda wawo, munda kapena kanyumba kumakhala kosavuta, kofikira komanso kumveka. Kusunga malamulo oyambirira a kukonzekera dothi, chisamaliro cha zomera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kumwetsa ndi kuthirira feteleza, zidzakupatsani zokolola zabwino kwambiri, vwende onunkhira, mavitamini olemera.
