Mdima wakuda, wofiira komanso woyera currants ndiwowotchuka kwambiri mu latitudes, choncho, ambiri a chilimwe amakhala ndi chidwi ndi currant chisamaliro chisanu. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za miyambo ya kudulira, kudyetsa, kuthirira ndi kukonza kuchokera ku tizirombo za zomera izi, komanso kukhalabe pa nkhani ya kuteteza tchire kuchokera kotheka kasupe chisanu.
Zofunika kasupe kudulira currants
Kudulira currant chitsamba - chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu zinthu zabwino fruiting. Ndondomekoyi ikhoza kuchitika m'dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe mphukira. Pamapeto pake, amanena zambiri zokhudza kudulira zowonongeka, zomwe zimapereka kudulira mitengo yonse yachisanu m'nyengo yozizira (masamba okongola), nthambi zosweka ndi matenda. Komabe, pa mbali youma ya chomera, amatha kudula nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, mutangoziwona. Nthambi zonse zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa, komanso masamba akale, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa tchire kuyambira chaka chatha, ziyenera kutenthedwa, chifukwa ndizo zomwe tizirombo timagonjetsa, zomwe zimatsegulidwa ndi kubwera kwa kasupe.
Ndikofunikira! Mosiyana ndi currant yakuda, ndi bwino kudula yoyera ndi yofiira kumapeto kwa nyengo (nthawi yotentha - m'chilimwe), osazengereza njirayi mpaka m'dzinja.Kupanga chitsamba, pamtundu uliwonsewu, kumachitika mofananamo, kupatula kuti nsonga zazing'ono za chaka chatha siziyenera kuikidwa (zomwe sizingathe kunenedwa za black currants), ndipo mphukira za zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu siziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Mwachidule, pamene mukukula masamba ofiira, kusamalidwa kasupe kumangotulutsa nthambi zakale (mbali zina za chitsamba, zomwe zamoyozo ziyenera kufika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa), zero zowonjezereka zimatuluka ndi nthambi zowonongeka, zakuda kapena zakuda.
Nthambi zakale, koma zobala zipatso zingathe kuchepetsedwa ku nthambi yowonjezereka yowonjezereka, motero imathandizira kukula kwa mphukira, kumakula kukula kwa zipatso ndi moyo wa chitsamba. Chomera choyenera bwino chiyenera kukhala ndi nthambi 20-25, kuyambira 1 mpaka 8.Kuthirira ndi kusamalira nthaka m'chaka
Kuyankha funso "Kodi mungasamalire bwanji currants?" sitingathe kunyalanyaza nkhani ya ulimi wothirira, yomwe, pamodzi ndi zolima zimathandiza kwambiri pakupeza mbewu zabwino za currants. Choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa kuti zonse zakuda ndi zofiira ndi zoyera zimakhala ndi zikhalidwe zamtundu, zomwe zimachokera ku zikhalidwe zawo. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi mu zomera kumayambitsa kukula kwa kuchepa, kugaya kwa zipatso ndi kukhetsa kwawo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nyengo youma mu nthawi yokolola nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kuzizira kwa tchire m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira pa nthawi yofunika kwambiri ya chitukuko cha zomera: panthawi ya kukula kwachangu, kupanga mapangidwe a mazira, mabulosi otsekemera ndi kututa, kutanthauza kuti makamaka masika.
Nthawi yoyamba currant imathiriridwa mwamsanga mutabzala, pa mlingo wa 5-6 malita a madzi pa chitsamba. Komanso, zogwira mtima kwambiri zimaonedwa kuti zili pansi pa nthaka ndi kuthirira ulimi wothirira, zomwe zimakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito madziwa mwachindunji ku mizu ya zomera. Pa nyengo imodzi yokula, ma currants amafunika kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 5 madzi. Momwemonso, njira yofananamo imapangidwira ndi kuyiritsa madzi mumapangidwe opangidwa kale kapena grooves, 10-15 cm masentimita. Iwo amapangidwa kuzungulira chitsamba, pamtunda wa 30-40 masentimita kuchokera pamenepo.
Musaiwale za njira zowonongeka m'nthaka. Choncho, kusamalira kasupe, kofiira kapena kofiira kofiira kumaperekanso kumasula, kudula nthaka ndikuyeretsa namsongole. Kuthamanga kwabwino kwambiri kwa kumasula nthaka kuzungulira tchire kumaonedwa kamodzi pa masabata awiri, pamene tikupewa mapangidwe a makoswe ndi namsongole, pamene akuuma pansi.
Mitengo yogwira ntchito ya currant imayikidwa kumtunda wotayirira ndi zigawo zowonjezera, kotero, kuti asawononge mizu, nthaka pafupi ndi tchire imasulidwa mosamalitsa, popanda kupitirira 6-8 masentimita. Kuchokera ku chitsamba kutalika, n'zotheka kumasula kapena kukumba kudzu. kuya mpaka masentimita 12.
Mthunzi udzasungidwa bwino ngati dothi lozungulira chitsamba lidakonzedwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi. (peat, udzu, peat kompositi). Pankhaniyi, akhoza kumasulidwa pang'ono.
Posachedwapa, zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mulching currant bushes: filimu yakuda yamtundu, zikopa, zakuthupi, mapepala otetezera zomera, ndi zina zotero. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musamavutike nthawi zonse m'chilimwe, koma pofika m'dzinja, ndibwino kuchotsa pogona, zomwe zingathandize kusintha kwa mpweya pansi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zofunika, kapena kuchita ntchito ina iliyonse.
Mukudziwa? Mbalameyi imapezeka m'makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica ndi Australia, ndipo pamtundu wake, pali mitundu yokwana 150 ya zomera..
Mankhwalawa amachititsa kasupe ndi tizirombo
Monga chomera china chilichonse, tchire zomwe tafotokozazi zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizirombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusamalira currants, makamaka m'chaka. Chipatala choopsa kwambiri ndi currant bud mite, yomwe imapezeka ndi masamba aakulu, omwe amawoneka ngati ofunika kwambiri. Pakubwera kasupe, sangathe kutseguka, ndiye chifukwa chake amapita pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mbeu. Choncho, mu impso imodzi pangakhale anthu chikwi a tizilombo, ndipo atachoka pamsasa wawo, amatha msanga kumalowa, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi mbalame kapena mphepo. 
Ngati chitsamba sichikhala ndi masamba ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti akhoza kutulutsidwa ndi kutenthedwa, koma ngati malo okhudzidwawo ndi aakulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti chitsamba choterechi chichotsedwa.
Pamene kusamalira currants wakuda kumapeto kwa nyengo, sizodziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, pakali pano, m'pofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa mawu omwe akulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chifukwa nyengo yowonjezera ya mbewu imayamba molawirira, ndipo kusintha kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri. Pochotseratu masamba a mitewu omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, matalala a currant ndi nthaka pansi pake akhoza kutsukidwa ndi yankho la Chlorofos kapena chisakanizo cha sulfure ndi Karbofos, pamtunda wa 100 ndi 20 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Chithandizo cha zomera ndi zokonzekerazi ziyeneranso kuchitidwa musanayambe kuphuka masamba, chifukwa zingakhale zovuta kuchotsa nkhupakupa.
Ngati tikuyankhula za powdery mildew, ndiye kuti Readzol (15 ml ya mankhwala akuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi) kapena mkuwa sulphate (100 g pa 10 malita a madzi) amathandizira kuchotsa; komanso, sikofunikira kuti azitha kutsuka tchire, komanso kuthirira mabedi, pa currant baka kukula.
Pamwamba pa mphukira, masamba nthawi zambiri amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba, chifukwa masamba omwe amawombera masamba amawomba. Ngati palibe kanthu kathandizidwa, kadzasokoneza chitsamba. Kukhalapo kwa tizilombo kungathe kudziwika ndi maonekedwe a nyerere zambiri zomwe zimadyetsa pazinsinsi zake.
Asanayambe kuphukira pa tchire, muyenera kukonza currant ndi Furanon kapena kumangomwaza chomera ndi madzi otentha. Ngati masambawa ali kale kale, koma inflorescences sinawonekere, "Intavir", "Rovi-Chicken", "Tanrek", Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mankhwala a mkuwa wamagetsi, omwe amachokera ku 100 g ya mankhwala, adzagwira bwino kuthetsa vutoli. 10 malita a madzi. Komanso chithandizo chabwino "Karbofos."
Kawirikawiri amasamalira currants kumapeto kwa nyengo (makamaka m'dziko), akutsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a zomera nthendayi - mafinya a fungal, omwe amawonekera mawanga aang'ono pa masamba a chitsamba. Njirayi imayambira ndi nthambi zotsika ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimayenda. Monga momwe zinalili kale, ndikofunika kuyambitsa chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake isanafike masamba oyambirira, komabe, ngati muwona mapepala omwe athandizidwa atachedwa, 
Mukhoza kuyesa ndi mankhwala a phulusa, Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 3% ya chitsulo sulphate (300 g pa 10 l madzi). Kawirikawiri, mawonekedwewa amathandizirabe kuthana ndi vutoli, kupopera mbewu kupopera ndikobwino kwambiri madzulo, kubwereza mankhwala pambuyo pa theka la ora.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, currants akhala mtundu wa mabulosi, ndipo mitundu yake yambiri ndi mitundu ingapezeke m'makona onse a dzikoli.
Kodi manyowa currants m'chaka, chomera zakudya
Kusamalira nyengo ya currant, kumapereka zakudya zowonjezera, koma kawirikawiri izi zimachitika m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala tchire. Komabe, ngati zomera zanu zikukakamizika kuti zikhalepo pa dothi lochepa, ndiye kuti feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dzenje lakudzala pamene mutabzala mbande zingakhale zosakwanira. Komanso, si mbeu zonse za blackcurrant zomwe zimakhala zathanzi komanso zathanzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kudyetsa izo zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri panthawi yachisanu.
Zomera zobiriwira zobiriwira nthawizonse zimawonekera motsutsana ndi maziko a achibale awo otumbululuka ndi ofooka, kotero zidzakhala zosavuta kuti muzindikire currants omwe akusowa zinthu zambiri zothandiza kufufuza. Pakubwera kwa kasupe, feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamzu wa zomera, chifukwa amathandiza kuti chitukuko chawo chikhale chitukuko chisanafike.
Choyamba mizu yophika ikhoza kuchitika mwamsanga pambuyo pa mphukira yopuma pa nthambi. Kuchita izi, 30 g wa ammonium nitrate ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu chidebe cha madzi ndikutsanulira chigawocho pansi pa chitsamba (chidebe cha khumi-lita chokonzekera chakudya chikufunika pa chitsamba chimodzi). Kubwereza umuna kumachitika nthawi ya kusamalira currant baka ndi zipatso omangidwa kwa iwo. Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza amchere akuwonjezedwa ku nthaka, yomwe ili ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu (koma osati ma chloride), ngakhale kuti mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala omwe mukukonzekera nokha monga njira zina zowonjezera mchere. Phulusa ndi feteleza feteleza ndi angwiro pa ntchitoyi.
Nthawi zina anthu olima munda amatha kudya chakudya chamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene maluwa a currant, mumatha kuchepetsa 0,5 tsp ya boric acid mu 10 malita a madzi ofunda (mpaka 40 ° C) ndi kutsanulira tchire ndi zotsatira zake. Mankhwalawa adzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kuonjezera zokolola ndi 2-3 nthawi. Komanso, nthawi yachisamaliro ya currant, panthawi yomwe mazira oyambirira amaonekera, nthawi zambiri amakonzekera chisakanizo cha 60 g wa urea, 150 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 malita a madzi, omwe amatulutsanso ndi tchire. Mphukira imakhala yolimba kwambiri, ndipo zokoma za zipatso za m'tsogolo zimakula kwambiri.
Kodi kuteteza currants ku chisanu
Pakatikatikatikati, pamene tili ndi inu, kutaya mazira ochulukirapo amatha kutchedwa kuti wamba, popeza kuti pali maluwa ochulukirapo, m'nthawi ya 10-15 patatha masiku omaliza, pafupifupi mazira onse akhoza kukhala pansi pa shrub. Chifukwa chodziwikiratu cha zomwe zikuchitika ndizomwe zimayambira chisanu (mimba), zomwe, ngakhale mu April, zimavuta kusamalira currants. M'madera athu a nyengo, amatha kumayandikira mapeto a mwezi wa May, koma sadatulukidwe kufikira chakhumi cha June (kutanthauza kuti akhoza kutha kumapeto kwa maluwa ozungulira komanso popanga mazira).
Kuteteza tchire kuchokera ku chisanu ntchito utsi ndi kupopera mbewu. Pachiyambi choyamba, potsatira njira yomwe mukufunikira masamba a rasipiberi ndi masamba a sitiroberi, ngakhale kuti nsonga zapitazo zapitazo za mbatata, manyowa ndi udzu ndizoyenera. Zokonzedweratuzi zimayikidwa mulu, kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwake ziyenera kufika mamita 0.8, ndi kutalika kwake - mamita 0.7 Zikaikidwa mzere umodzi pamtunda wa mamita 3-4 kuchokera pa mzake, ndi kumbali ya chiyambi cha m'mawa , mu mphepo yopanda mphepo idzakoka.
Ndikofunikira! Utsi umayambira mwamsanga kutentha kwa mpweya kumadumpha kufika ku -1 ° C ndipo kumathera ora itatha kufika pa zero, kapena imakwera kwambiri.Njira ina yabwino yowatetezera maluwa otentha kuchokera ku chisanu ndi kuwatsanulira madzi otentha, ndipo pakakhala chiopsezo cha chisanu, njirayi imapangidwa kangapo (makamaka 5-6). Pa nthawi yomweyi, nkofunika kuthirira osati tchire okha, komanso nthaka pansi pawo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kupopera mbewu yoyamba kumachitika tsiku limodzi m'mawa, chachiwiri - poyamba kuzizira, ndipo lachitatu pa ola limodzi pambuyo pachiwiri, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale mutangotentha nthaka ndi madzi otentha - izi zidzachepetsa chisokonezo cha chisanu pammera.
Kuwonjezera pa mochedwa kasupe frosts, nyengo zimakhudza kwambiri kupindika kwa currant zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira ndi yamphepo, panthawi ya maluwa, zaka za tizilombo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbeuyo idzakhala yopanda mungu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nyengo ikakhala yotentha komanso yowuma kwambiri, zizindikiro za pistils zimauma, ndipo nthawi yomwe imatha kuyambitsa maluwa imakhala yofupikitsidwa. Choncho, ndi zofunika kuti munthu aliyense apange m'munda momwe zilili bwino kuti zikhale bwino pollination wa tchire: Bzalani zomera zokha mmalo otetezedwa, sankhani mitundu molingana ndi nyengo, ziwonetseni mlengalenga ndi nthaka mu nyengo yozizira, ndi njuchi zobala.
Ena m'nyengo ya chilimwe amaganiza kuti currants ndi zomera zosasamala, koma kusamalira iwo m'chaka kungayankhe mafunso ena, poyankha zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa odziwa bwino ulimi wamaluwa. Pokhapokha mutadziwa zambiri komanso kutsatila malingaliro onsewa, mutha kulandira zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
