Forest wokongola fern - chokongoletsera choyenera chitunda chosasunthika kapena chiwembu pansi pa mitengo. Mitengo yayitali ya vayi, monga nthambi zake zazitali zimatchulidwira, imatalika mamita 2. Fern sifunikira chisamaliro chochuluka, iyi ndi yankho labwino mukabzala mitengo yobiriwira.
Ostrich fern - ndi maluwa otani
Nthiwatiwa ndi wokongola kwambiri kuposa abale ake. Tchire lake limasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba osema, zipatso zabwino. Tchire la chomera ndilalikulu kwambiri komanso lothina pakati pa mitundu yonse ya fern. Rosette ya masamba akuluakulu osambulika imakhalabe yokongoletsa kuyambira pachiyambi cha masika mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Tchire tatifupi - zokongoletsera zamunda uliwonse
Kusiyana kwina kwa nthiwatiwa ndi kuyika kwa spores. Ngati ma fern onse ali nawo m'munsi mwa masamba, vayi olekanitsidwa amasungidwa spore izi. Nthambi izi zimatchedwa sporophylls. Amafupikitsa (mpaka 60 cm) ndipo amawonekera pa tchire mu Ogasiti. Zomera zikakhwima, masamba amatembenuka. Chapakatikati, sporophylls pachimake ndi kubzala mozungulira chitsamba.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Dzinalo la fern lidachitika chifukwa chofanana ndi masamba okhala ndi nthenga za nthiwatiwa. Nthambi zokhala ndi spores ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nthenga za nthiwatiwa. Nthambi izi zouma ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa komanso zokongoletsera nyumba.
Kufotokozera mwachidule momwe zimawonekera
Nthiwatiwa zakunyumba - North America. Ndi wa banja la a Onkleev. Mpweya wachitsamba uli ndi mawonekedwe owundana. Nthambi zake zimamera mozungulira, zimamera pamwamba pa babu. Mphukira za Shrub ndizitali, nthawi zina zimafikira 1.5-2 m masamba Masamba opindika, nthenga zirizonse ndizopapatiza komanso zopindika pang'onopang'ono. Nthambi za Fern zimatsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo pakati pa nyengo tchire limawoneka ngati vase lopanda maziko.
Zoyala mu kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe
Ferns nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera pamabedi amthunzi ndi maluwa. Mitundu yamafuta amadzimadzi ndi malo abwino obwerera kumbuyo opanga mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yotsika pazithunzi za alpine kapena zosakanikirana. Ma Fern amakongoletsa m'mphepete mwa dziwe lochita kupanga ndi dziwe laling'ono. Amapanga mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yayitali.
Zodzikongoletsera zobiriwira zobiriwira
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthiwatiwa
Zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo ma fern omwe amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi nthiwatiwa. Ndi mitundu ya Pennsylvania komanso fluffy. Nthiwatiwa yakum'mawa imawoneka bwino komanso imasamalidwa.
Mitundu yamiyendo ya fern yodziwika bwino imasiyana pakakulidwe kwa thengo ndi masamba. Nthenga za Royal, Jumbo, Eros ndi Matenda a Mtondo ndizozonse zowuma.
Zambiri zodzala ndi kusamalira a fisi a fern m'munda
Fern anapitilizabe kukula m'nkhalango - amakonda chinyezi chambiri, kuwala kosayatsidwa, dothi lowala. Miyezo ikakwaniritsidwa, shrubbery imangoyambira maluwa, ndipo idzasefukira ndi gawo lonse. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa ndikukula kwa mbewu zotchingira m'manda zokhala ndi malire (zidutswa za matalala, tini, mphira). Ngati sizotheka kukhazikitsa, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zazing'ono ndikuzikumba.
Kodi fern amafunikira kuyatsa
Chomera chimafuna kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma chikuyenera kusinthidwa. Ndikofunika kuti ikhale mthunzi kuchokera pamtengo. Zitsamba zimatha kumera pamalo otseguka, popanda shading. Ngakhale mutamupatsa chinyezi chokwanira, simuyenera kuyembekezera kuti chitsamba chimakula komanso kuphuka.
Tcherani khutu! Kuwala kochulukirapo m'malo ophukira, ang'onoang'ono adzakhala chitsamba ndi zake.
Nthawi yayitali
Nthawi yabwino yodzala ndikusinthanitsa ferns ndi chiyambi cha masika kapena kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Kuti mmera wachichepere azikula ndi mizu, amafunika nthawi.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pogulitsa, mizu ya Delenka ndi yayitali popanda nthaka komanso chinyezi. Titagula chitsamba chofota pang'ono, simuyenera kuyembekeza kuti chingachokere ngati muchithirira madzi ambiri mukabzala. Kupulumutsidwa kwa mmera kotero kudzachotsa zonse zai zake. Muyenera kudula nthambi zonse, ndikusiya gawo la masentimita 10. Chitsamba chaching'ono sichingalole kungotulutsa nthambi imodzi yokha, koma kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa padzakhala mkuwa wolimba komanso wathanzi pamtengowo.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi
Fern iyenera kukhala mumthunzi kapena pang'ono. Mizu ya tchire ndiyapamwamba, motero, m'malo abwino amapanga ana mwachangu patali kokwanira. Nthiwatiwa zambiri zimadzaza bedi lamaluwa. Malo okukula chitsamba ayenera kutetezedwa ndi mphepo. Wosakhazikika waiyi amachoka mosavuta kuzokopa zake, kutaya kukongoletsa.
Mukakonzekera gawo laling'ono la tchire ndikuwonjezera nyengo iliyonse, silifunikira feteleza. Dothi liyenera kukhala, monga m'nkhalango - lopepuka, lamasamba, lopuma. Ngati mumabzala fern m'munda pansi pa mitengo, masamba ogwa amangopindulitsa maluwa. Masamba ophulika adzakhala chakudya chabwino komanso kukonzanso nthaka chifukwa chobiriwira.
Momwe mungamwerere nthiwatiwa
Kutsirira regimen kumadalira malo omwe mbewu zikukula. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa wai, fernyo imasungabe chinyezi pansi pa chitsamba, koma simuyenera kudikirira mpaka nthaka itazirala babuyo. Chinyezi chokhazikika chizikhala boma labwino kwambiri la ferns. M'masiku otentha a tchire, chitsamba chimayenera kupatsidwa chisamaliro chapadera.
Zofunika! Kutsirira ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula bwino kwa fern.
Momwe Mthenga wa Fern Ostrich Umafalikira
M'malo abwino kukula, chitsamba chimapeza ana mosavuta. Ndikofunika kudikira mpaka muzu wachinyamata utakhazikika bwino, ndipo mutha kukula popanda kudyetsedwa kuchokera ku mizu ya amayi. Popeza tamasula nthambi zingapo, mmera wakonzeka kubzala. Iyenera kufukulidwa ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi chomera. Kachitsamba kakang'ono kamatha kuikidwa mumphika wozika mizu, kenako ndikabzala pabedi. Ndikofunika kusunthira dziko lapansi kuchokera mumphika kupita kumalo atsopano a chitsamba chaching'ono.
Ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kupezeka ndikachepetsa bedi la maluwa kuchokera kuwombera
Njira inanso yobereka ndi spores. Tchuthi ndizitali, zathanzi komanso zamphamvu. Komabe, njirayi imatenga nthawi ndi kuyesetsa. Mikangano imasonkhanitsidwa pa ma vayya abwino omwe amaikidwa matsenga (gulu la spores). Amatsenga akangosiyidwa, kusonkhetsa kwawo kumatha kuyamba. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Zouma ndikufesedwa pamtundu wosakanizika wa peat ndi tsamba la masamba.
Fern amafunikira wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu. Zikumera zikakhala za 5-6 masentimita, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera malo otseguka. Wowonjezera kutentha akuyenera kuthandizidwa tsiku lililonse, kuyambira mphindi 15, nthawi iliyonse akuwonjezera nthawi. Mabasi obzalidwa mwanjira iyi amasunthira kudera lokhalo zaka 1.5-2. Ayenera kusamalidwa monga achikulire.
Kudulira ndi pogona nyengo yachisanu
Kuchepetsa fern sikofunikira. Masamba ake amagwira ntchito ngati mulch yodabwitsa ya mizu ndi feteleza wa dothi. Chifukwa chake chitsamba chimachira bwino. Chapakatikati, ngati mchira wa masamba owuma pachitsamba uwononga mawonekedwe a chitsamba, mutha kuchotsa wai wakale.
Woyendetsa njuchi zosagwira chisanu safuna pobisalira, ngati siwofesa. Ngati kubzala kwa fern kudali kugwa, mutha kuthira babu ndi peat kapena masamba owuma.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse, chitsamba chimadulidwa, kudula nthambi zochulukirapo pa tchire lambiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ostriches kwenikweni samadwala. Amalephera kuvunda komanso matenda am'munda. Vuto lokhalo lomwe lingabuke pakati pa kukula kwawo ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Bowa wa Marsupial amakhudza masamba a fern, amawaphimba ndi mawanga a bulauni. Masamba omwe akhudzidwawo amachotsedwa ndikuwotcha, ndipo amadyera otsalawo amathandizidwa ndi fungicic systemic.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tating'ono tating'ono timakhala gulugufe. Mphutsi zake zimadya chomera chomera pachomera. Kuti musunge zokongoletsera za fern, mutha kungotola mphutsi (zomwe nthawi zambiri sizambiri) ndikuziwononga.
Larva Gulugufe Larva
Fisi wamtchire ndi wokongoletsera wokongola wobiriwira waminda yamethunzi. Ngati mutabzala chitsamba chimodzi chokha, patatha zaka zochepa mutha kubzala maluwa. Ubwino waukulu wa nthiwatiwa ndikuti sizifunikira nthawi yambiri komanso chisamaliro pakukula.
