Ngale mu chilengedwe komanso m'munda

Peyala ndi imodzi mwazipatso zofunikira kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati komanso kum'mwera. Pali mitundu ya Hardy yozizira yozizira pang'ono pakati pa Russia, dera la North-West, Urals, Siberia ndi Far East. Kuti peyala ipereke zokolola zabwino za zipatso zokoma, ndikofunikira kuyisamalira moyenera nyengo yonseyo.

Kodi peyala imamera bwanji komanso kutchire

Peyala - mtengo wolimba wophuka mpaka 8 m m, ndipo ndi mizu yamphamvu yolowera pansi. Limamasula mu April, Meyi. Zipatso zimapsa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala, kutengera mitundu ndi dera.

Mitundu ya peyala yakumwera imachokera ku nkhalango yamtchire, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya kumpoto yolimba yozizira imachokera pakuwombana kwa peyala yamtchire ndi mitundu ya kumwera ndi peyala la Ussuri.

Mapeyala onse atchire (nkhalango, Ussuri, pagulifolia, loosestrife) m'dera la kukula kwawo kwa chilengedwe ndi malo ofanana ndi nyengo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masheya kulima.

Gome: mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala akuthengo

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Zinyama Zakutchire Zakuthengo

Madeti opangira zipatso za mapeyala atchire

Madeti a zipatso za peyala:

• mapeyala atchire ndi mbande zamtundu wobzalidwa - zaka 9-15 mutabzala;
• kumtengowo pa mbewu mbewu - pambuyo 5-10 zaka;
• kumtengowo pamtunda wamtali - pambuyo pa zaka 2-4.

Pamtengo wambewu, peyala yamera ndipo imabala zipatso kwa zaka 50-100, pa imodzi yopanda - osapitilira zaka 20 mpaka 40.

M'munda mwanga, ngale yayitali kutalika pafupifupi mamitala asanu ndi limodzi, yodzalidwa ndi agogo anga mu 1970s ndikupulumuka bwino nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya 1978 ndi matalala a 40-degree, komabe imakula ndipo imabala zipatso zambiri chaka chilichonse. M'zaka zoyambirira za 90s, agogo adabzala mbewu zingapo pa mbande za mbewu zake. Poyamba, katemera sunayambike bwino chifukwa cha kukulira kwakuya pachimake pa munda. Nditachotsa nthito zowonjezera kumayambiriro kwa 2000s, ndikusiya mapeyala okha pamenepo, mitengo nthawi yomweyo idawonetsa kukula kwakukulu ndipo idaphuka m'zaka 1-2.

Katemera wa peyala kutengera dera

Peyala yocheperako ndi mtengo wamtundu wamba wolumikizidwa pamtengo wapadera - mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi zipatso zochulukitsa zipatso. Chimakula sichimaposa 3-4 m.

Quince peyala imatha kumera kum'mwera kokha ndi nyengo yotentha. Limamasula mu chaka cha 2-3 mutabzala. Pakati Russia, quince chimazizira.

Quince limamasula mu chaka cha 2-3 mutabzala

Olima maluwa a Novice nthawi zambiri amasokoneza quince weniweni ndi quince wambiri yozizira wa ku Japan (henomeles), koma henomeles sioyenera katemera wa peyala.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mizu yopanda nyengo yozizira, olima a Moscow Region, Leningrad Region, Urals ndi Siberia nthawi zambiri amayesa kubzala peyala phulusa wamba laphiri, cirrus ndi chokeberry (aronia). Kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito, katemera otere nthawi zambiri amakhala wopambana, ngakhale osakhala olimba kwambiri. Pa irga ndi chokeberry, peyalayo imameta pang'ono chifukwa chosagwirizana bwino ndi masheya, koma vaccinations amayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kufa mwachangu kwa nthambi zobwidwa.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Zothekera Mazu Ngwe a Peyala

Kufalitsa kwa peyala

Peyala imafalikira ndi mbewu komanso mwachilengedwe. Pakabzala mbewu, zilembo zamitundumitundu sizisungidwa, chifukwa chake, zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula m'matangadza komanso pofuna kubereka kuti apange mitundu yatsopano.

Kufalitsa mbewu za peyala

Njira yofalitsira njere za peyala:

1. Kuti musonkhanitse mapeyala atsekere pansi pa mitengo (mu Seputembala-Okutobala).
2. Chotsani mbewu kwa iwo, kutenga zazikulu kwambiri, zosawonongeka, zokhala bwino (zofiirira kapena zakuda).
3. Mu theka lachiwiri la Okutobala ,fesani njere pabedi lokonzekera mpaka masentimita 2-3.
4. Patani mbande muchaka, ndikusiya masentimita 15 pakati pa mbewu.
   

   Mbeu zamtchire zamtchire ndizabwino kukula m'matangadza

Kufalitsa kwa peyala ndi odulidwa

Zodulidwa zokhala ndi mapeyala sizimachokera konse, ndipo zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za mizu. Mizu yozika mizu imatha kukhala yopanda magawo okha munthaka, m'malo ena amakhala ozika mizere ndikutsukidwa m'chipinda chapansi panthawi yozizira.

Kufalitsa kwa peyala ndi odulidwa obiriwira

Njira yofalitsira mapeyala ndi masamba obiriwira:

1. Konzani mabokosi akuya masentimita 35. Ikani dothi losasuluka 20 cm, kenako 10 masentimita peat pakati ndi mchenga ndi 2 cm mchenga wopanda mitsinje pamwamba.
2. Dulani mphukira zazing'ono za chaka chamawa, pomwe ayamba kupendekera pang'ono m'munsi.
   
   

   Pakulumikiza ntchito mphukira za chaka chino
3. Dulani zodulidwa kuchokera kumunsi komanso pakati pa izi mphukira. Nthambi zobiriwira zobiriwira sizizika mizu.
   
   

   Zidulidwa zimadulidwa kuchokera kumunsi komanso pakati pa mphukira

4. Chitani zigawo zam'munsi mwa zodulidwazo ndi zokupatsani muzu molingana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.
5. Pang'ono pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pansi pamadulidwe mumchenga wapamwamba m'bokosi. Masanjidwe - 7 cm pakati pamizere, 5 cm pakati pa odulidwa mzere.
   
   

   Peyala cuttings mu mizu

6. Valani kudula ndi polyethylene, osakhudza zodulira, ikani pamalo owala osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa ndi kutsitsi pafupipafupi.
7. Zidula zikazika mizu, zodula zimayamba kuwuluka, kenako filimuyo imachotsedwa kwathunthu.

Pambuyo pozika mizu, odulidwa amazolowera pang'ono ndi pang'ono.

Kufalitsa kwa peyala ndi kuyika kwa mpweya

Kuyika m'miyeso ndi njira yozula nthambi mwachindunji pamtengo. Vuto lalikulu ndilokulitsa: mizu yomwe imapangidwa nthawi yachilimwe nthawi zambiri imafa nthawi yozizira.

Ndondomeko

1. Nthambi yachinyamata ya chaka chatha yosankhidwa kuti ichike mizu imakulungidwa pang'ono ndi mpeni m'malo mwa maziko omwe akukonzekera.
2. Mangani chikwama chakapulasitiki chakuda pansi pazikanda.
3. Dzazani ndi peat kapena coconut substrate, ndikuthira ndi madzi ndikumangiriza mwamphamvu pamwamba pazikanda pa nthambi.
4. Pakatha miyezi yochepa, mizu ikapangidwa, kudula nthambi yokhazikitsidwa ndikuziika mu nazale kuti ikule.
   

   Mizu ikawoneka, chiwembucho ndi iwo chidule pamtengowo

Kuyankha ndi Peyala

Njira yodalirika yopezera mbande za katemera ndi katemera. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu za izi:

• kuphukira kwa chilimwe - katemera wa mphukira (diso) la scion mu mawonekedwe a T ooneka ngati chitsamba;
  

  Pondicho ndi inoculation ndi diso (impso)

• kukoka kwa kasupe - kumalumikiza kumtengowo pamtunda wokonzedwa.
  

  Kukopera kumatchedwa kulumikiza

Katemera aliyense amakhala ndi kukulunga ndi tepi ya elastic. Chaka chotsatira, oyang'anira afowoka.

Chizindikiro cha Pear Orchard

Pakubzala zipatso za peyala, malo owala bwino ndi dzuwa m'malo otsetsereka amasankhidwa. Kwa minda yakumpoto kumpoto (Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Region, Urals, Siberia), malo otsetsereka a kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa, ndi kumwera chakumadzulo ndi abwino. Kum'mwera - chilichonse, kupatula oyambira kumpoto.

Mapeyala akumwera amafunikira acidity yamtunda m'magulu 6.0-7.5. Mitundu yakumpoto, yolumikizidwa pa peyala ya Ussuri kapena yopangidwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali, imakonda acidity mulingo wa 5.5-6.5.

Vuto lamadzi padziko lapansi

Ngati peyala yokhala ndi mbewu yolimba, madzi apansi pansi sayenera kupitirira 1.5-2 mamita kuchokera panthaka, kuti peyala yopanda pang'ono pa quince, 1 m ndikokwanira.

Kubzala mbande pamiyala, yolimbikitsidwa kwambiri m'ma 80-90s, sikunalipire kanthu kuyambira kalekale, mitengo yotereyi ndiyosakhalitsa. Mizu yake idakulabe mpaka pansi pamadzi, yomwe idapangitsa kuti mtengowo udufa, kapena kuti unkazizira nyengo yachisanu yozizira.

Malangizo ambiri okhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi akumwa omwe amapezeka m'mabuku apadera amayang'ana kwambiri mabizinesi akuluakulu oyang'anira minda. Kuthekera kwa wosiyana wamaluwa wamaluwa komanso wogwirizira miyambo yachilendo ndizochepa pankhaniyi. Nayi zitsanzo wamba:

• Malowa ali pagombe la dimba lalikulu (mtsinje kapena nyanja), lomwe madzi ake amasefukira. Izi sizingasinthe. Pakadali madzi osefukira, mitengo singathe kukula.
  

  Malo osefukira pamphepete mwa gombelo - vutoli silikudziwika

• Chiwembuchi chikutsitsa mpumulo (chigwa, chigwa chachikulu pakati pa zitunda), kasupe pali madzi pachimangacho. Ngati ili ndi phompho lowzama komanso lakuya, ndilopanda ntchito kuchita kanthu: m'malo oterowo kuderako kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira mitengoyo imatha kuzimiririka chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa mphepo yozizira. Ngati ndi chigwa chachikulu komanso chotseka kum'mwera, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, ndiye kuti mitengo ndiyabwino. Poterepa, mkati mwake mwakuya, ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje lalitali kuti madzi am'madzi abwerere ndikulimbitsa pansi ndi makhoma bwino.
  

  Dera lomwe lili m'chigwacho litha kuchotseredwa pomata dzenje kuti lithe madzi

• Chiwembu kumudzi wakutali, m'mphepete mwake momwe muli ngalande yomangidwa kale, koma malo pamenepo ndibe. Ngati madzi a kasupe mu dzenje ali otsika poyerekeza ndi nthaka, vutolo litha kusintha machitidwe ake mosavuta ndi madzi. Ngati madzi omwe ali mumtsinje wamba asungunuka ndi malowo - izi sizingasinthike.
  

  Kuyika kwa mapaipi amadzimadzi pamalowo ndikuwathandiza pamaso pa dzenje la madzi oyandikira

Dongosolo lamakina

Ndondomeko yakukonzera dongosolo la ngalande:

1. Potengera dzenje la ngalawa m'deralo, muyenera kukumba ma ngalande pang'ono okhala ndi kuya kwa mita 2 ndi phompho pang'ono kulowera kumzenje. Pansi pa ngalande zokhala m'munsi kwambiri ziyenera kukhala zazitali kuposa mulingo wamadzi ambiri mu dzenje. Mtunda pakati pa ngalande ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 m.
2. Wosanjikiza mwala wosemphana ndi miyala kapena miyala ina yowumbika umathiridwa muming'oma ndipo mapaipi apadera a ceramic kapena konkriti okhala ndi mabowo ambiri amaikidwa. Pakalumikizana, m'mphepete mwake mumasinthidwa ndikukutidwa ndi zidutswa za mataulo kuchokera pamwamba.
   
   

   Mapaipi oyendera malowo amawaika m'ngalande momwe muli zinyalala ndi miyala.

3. Kuchokera pamwambapa mapaipiwo amakutidwa ndi miyala ndipo kenako ndi dothi.
   

   Kuyambira kumwamba, ngalande zamadzimadzi zokhala ndi mapaipi oyala amayamba okutidwa ndi miyala, kenako ndi dothi

Kubzala mbande

Kumpoto kwa West-West, pakati komanso kumpoto kwa dera la pakati, ku Urals ndi Siberia, peyala imangodzalidwa kumapeto kwa kumapeto, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Kummwera, izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kugwa, mu Okutobala. Kudera la Black Earth masika kapena nthawi yophukira ndizotheka.

Mtunda pakati pa mitengo yayitali ya peyala uyenera kuchokera kumpoto kwa 6-6 kuchokera kumpoto mpaka mita 7-8 kumwera. Mitundu yazakudya pamiyala ya quince imabzalidwa malinga ndi chiwembu cha 3x2 m ndikukakamizidwa kuyika zothandizira.

Mitengo yamakina imafuna thandizo

Kuzama kwa maenje obzala mbande zazitali ndi 50-60 masentimita, kwa mbewu zazitali - mpaka 1 mita. Kutalika kwa maenje obzala ndi 80-100 cm.

Kuzama kwa dzenje kwa mbande zazifupi kuzikhala 50-60 cm

Njira yofikira:

1. Wongoletsani mtengo wokutira pakatikati pa dzenje.
2. Pansi kutsanulira mtunda wa pansi wosakanizidwa ndi chidebe cha humus.
3. Ikani mmera pampando, kufalitsa mizu.
4. Mangani mmera pamtengo kuti muzu wa mizu ukhazikike pamlingo wa nthaka.
5. Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi.

Ndikofunika kuthilira madzi mutabzala mu Mlingo wachiwiri: 1 ndowa yamadzi mu dzenje musanabzale ndi chidebe china chamadzi kuchokera kuthilira ndikugawana nthawi yomweyo mutabzala kuti muthane ndi nthaka kuzungulira mizu.

Mukabzala mmera muyenera kuthirira

Vidiyo: Kubzala peyala

Momwe mungasamalire peyala

Kusamalidwa kwa dimba la peyala panthawi yake kuli pafupifupi onse kumadera onse olimidwa.

Kuumba ndi peyala

Popanda mapangidwe, peyala imakula kwambiri, nthambi zambiri zimachoka pamtengo pomera pachimake ndipo kenako zimatha kuthyooka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbeu.

Peyala yopanda mapangidwe imakula kwambiri, ndipo nthambi zambiri zimachoka pachimacho pamalo owopsa

Pofuna kupewa kuthyoka nthambi, mitengo yaying'ono imapangidwa ndikuwombera nthambi zake mozungulira ndi kuzitchinjiriza. Nthambi zotere zimayamba kubala zipatso kale.

Ndi kupendekera kwakanthawi nthambi za mitengo yaying'ono, kupanganso mitengo yambiri sikofunikira. Kudulira mwaukhondo, kuphatikiza pakuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi zosweka, ndikofunikira kwa mapeyala azaka zilizonse. Chulukani kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, komanso kumwera - komanso kumapeto. Magawo onse akuluakulu mutakonza ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi var vars.

Kanema: momwe mungachepere peyala

Kudyetsa mapeyala

Mitengo imadyetsedwa masika, ndikugawana feteleza m'dera lonse la mitengo ikuluikulu ndikubzala m'nthaka mukakumba. Chiyerekezo cha feteleza pa 1 m²:

• 12-18 makilogalamu a humus;
• 20-50 g wa ammonium nitrate;
• 40-80 g wa superphosphate;
• 20-40 g wa potaziyamu sulfate.

Momwe mungamwerere peyala

Peyala imathiriridwa pachilala chokha, ndikunyowetsa nthaka ndikuya pafupifupi 1 mita:

• Ndikokwanira kuthirira mitengo yayitali kwambiri ya chaka choyamba kapena chachiwiri mutabzala kuchokera kuthirira kapena kuti payipi ndi divider pamlingo wa zidebe ziwiri za madzi pachomera pafupifupi 1 pa sabata.
  

  Mitengo yocheperako imathiriridwa kuchokera kuthirira kapena payipi

• Minda ya zipatso zobala zipatso zachikale kumathiriridwa katatu pamwezi, pa silospeed - osati kangapo kawiri pa mwezi. Mulingo wothirira pafupifupi - zidebe zitatu zamadzi pa 1 mita² m'minda yocheperako mpaka ndowa za madzi 606 pa 1 mita² - mwamphamvu.
  

  Quince peyala imakula msanga komanso zipatso, koma imafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse

• Pachikhalidwe, kuthirira minda ya anthu akuluakulu, madzi ochokera pakathiridwe amakulungidwa m'mphepete mwa mabowo ozungulira mitengo ikuluikulu.
  

  Kuthirira mitengo ya achikulire kumachitika mu mabowo ndi poyambira

• Ndibwino kuti musayike mabowo, koma kuthilira mphete zowerengera kotero kuti zisagwe pamiyendo ya mitengoyo. M'lifupi mwa mphete kapena mabowo azigwirizana ndi kukula kwa mizu, ndikukhala malo olingana ndi dera la korona wamtengowo.
  

  Mitengo imakula bwino ngati madzi sangafike pachimake pa thunthu nthawi yothirira

M'minda yamtundu uliwonse, kuthirira kukachepetsa ndi kuyika nthaka ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndizothandiza kwambiri kusunga chinyezi ndikuletsa udzu kukula.

Dontho kuthirira ndi mulching ndi othandiza m'minda ya m'badwo uliwonse

Matenda a Peyala ndi Tizilombo

Matenda ofala kwambiri a peyala m'madera onse a horticulture ndi nkhanambo ndi zipatso zowola, ndipo tizirombo ndi njenjete. Kuthana ndi matenda, mitengo imalapidwa ndi fungicides yamkuwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa ndi maluwa.Motsutsana ndi njenjete, iwo amathira mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi imodzi.

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa (zowola kapena zoyipa) munthawi yake.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Matenda a peyala ndi tizirombo

Kukonzekera yozizira

Mitengo ya peyala ya mitundu yozizira yolimba safuna nkhokwe zirizonse zomwe zimasokoneza kuuma kwawoko ndikupanga chiwopsezo chamatenthedwe chamakungwa nthawi zonse. Kuteteza kumayendedwe, mitengo yaying'ono iyenera kuti ipangidwe ndi khoka lapadera lotetezedwa pakugwa.

Kupanga kwake kutsukidwa ndikokayikira kwambiri, koma ngati mukufunabe kuyesa mitengoyo, chitani bwino:

• m'dzinja lisanafike nyengo yachisanu, osati m'chaka cha tchuthi;
• mitengo yaying'ono yokha yokhala ndi makungwa owonda komanso owonda;
• kuti muyeretse thunthu lokere, komanso maziko onse a nthambi zazikulu za chigoba.
  

  Ngati mtengowo utayeretsedwa, muyenera kugwira thunthu ndi maziko a nthambi zachifuwa

Momwe mungakulire peyala m'mabotolo

Kukula ndi chidwi cha kunja - peyala m'botolo - sikovuta konse:

1. Pambuyo maluwa maluwa, muyenera kusankha thumba losunga mazira lomwe limapezeka mosavuta.
   

   Kuti mukule peyala m'botolo, mumafunikira mazira ake

2. Ikani bwino mosamala mazira onse pamodzi ndi nthambi yomwe imakulira m'botolo.
   

   Ikani thumba losunga mazira lambiri pamodzi ndi nthambiyo m'botolo

3. Sanjani mabotolo mwamphamvu ndi thumba losunga mazira mkati, kuti mumangirire nthambi zanthete kapena zothandizira.
   

   Mabotolo okhala ndi thumba losunga mazira mwamphamvu, omangika ku nthambi zazikulu

4. Mapeyala amadzala mkati mwa mabotolo. Zipatso za mtengo zikakhwima, nthambizo zimayenera kudulira bwino.
   

   Mutatha kucha zipatso m'mabotolo, nthambi zake zimadulidwa

5. Kuti zisungike kwakutali, mabotolo a peyala amathiridwa ndi mowa wamphamvu.
   

   Kusunga mapeyala m'mabotolo kutsanulira mowa wamphamvu

Kukolola ndi kusungitsa mapeyala

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala ili ndi nthawi yakucha, kutolera ndi kusunga:

• Mitundu yotentha imacha mu Julayi-Ogasiti, osasungidwa milungu iwiri;
• Mitundu yophukira imacha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, yosungidwa kwa miyezi 1-2;
• mitundu yozizira ipsa kumapeto kwa Seputembala - mu Okutobala, kusungidwa miyezi 3-5.

Mitengo yamapya yozizira imakhala ndi nthawi yoti ipse kokha kum'mwera zigawo.

Mitundu ya chilimwe imakololedwa kwathunthu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Mitundu yophukira ndi yozizira imakololedwa kokhwima kwambiri mbewu zikayamba kufera. Asanadye, ayenera kucha kuchokera milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri, kutengera mitundu. Mapeyala onse amasungidwa mufiriji kapena pang'onopang'ono ndi cellar ndi kutentha pang'ono pamwamba pa zero.

Sungani mapeyala mosamala, osawononga zipatso ndi nthambi

Pokolola, ndikofunikira kusankha zipatsozo molondola. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani nthambi yomwe chipatsocho chimakula ndi dzanja limodzi, ndikunyamula peyalayo ndi linalo ndikutembenuza mozungulira pa tsinde kuti mulekanitse ndi nthambi. Zosungidwa, zipatso zimakololedwa kokha ndi dzanja. Onyamula zipatso zosiyanasiyana amawononga mapeyala ndi nthambi za zipatso, ndipo mbewu yomwe yagwera pansi imasokonekera chifukwa cha mphamvu ndipo siyabwino kuisunga.

Ndemanga pa njira za kubereketsa ngale

Palibe chilichonse mwa masamba obiriwira a peyala omwe anali m'madzi asanabzalidwe. Ma Shank omwe amathandizidwa mwanjira yachikhalidwe - IMC, yomwe idatengedwa ngati prototype, idayamba kuzika mizu pa tsiku la 42 mutabzala, kuchuluka kwa mizere kwa iwo kunali 23. Kukonza zodula ndi Tropolon pamsika wa 6 mg / l pang'ono kwathandizira mawonekedwe a mizu, koma kukula kwa mizu kunali 10% kutsika kuposa pochita IMC.

Zonyansa

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Ngati mukuzika mizu, tengani thumba la pulasitiki (lakuda), ndikuyika peyala, pa mphukira womwe umakula pachaka (makamaka kuchokera kumwera chakum'mwera), ikani m'malonda anu kokonati omwe ali ndi vermiculite, madzi ndikumangiriza kuyambira pansipa kuyambira pompopompo mpaka pamwamba. Ndipo pakugwa mudzakhala okondwa. Pansi pa thumba kukhoza kuwononga makungwa kuti azike mizu bwino.

vp

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=5534&sid=c5adb8f338bbf9b2a6bf4c91b4dc5ff6&start=75

Ndikabzala bwino komanso kusamalira moyenera, mitengo ya peyala imakula bwino ndipo imabala zipatso zaka zambiri, kusangalatsa eni ake ndi zokolola zapamwamba zambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi.