Mphesa ndi mtengo wachonde womwe umalimidwa m'maiko ambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, ntchito ikupitilira kukonza kukoma kwa zipatso zake, kuwonjezera phindu. Komabe, izi sizikupanga nzeru ngati chomera sichili bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphesa nthawi ya masika ku tizirombo ndi matenda zimathandiza kupewa mbewu.
Kufunika kukonza mphesa masika
Chithandizo cha kasupe chikufunika popewa matenda, ntchito ya tizirombo.
Vutoli ndi losavuta kupewa kusiyana ndi kuthera nthawi yambiri ndikuyesetsa kuti muchithetse.
Ngati chikhalidwechi chidalimidwa mchaka, izi sizitanthauza kuti kuwongolera sikofunikira m'chilimwe. Komabe, njira zodzitetezera zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, tizirombo, zimachulukitsa mbewu.
Kufufuza kungachitike pogwiritsa ntchito:
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa;
- kuthirira dziko lapansi mozungulira chitsamba, kenako ndikumasulidwa (masentimita 13- 13), mulching ndi peat kapena kompositi.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe a anthu, mankhwala achilengedwe, mankhwala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zoyambirira kumangoyenera kupewa kupewa kapena kuwononga pang'ono mphesa ndi matenda, tizirombo.
Ndi boma lonyalanyazidwa, mankhwala ndi ofunika.
Matenda
Mphesa nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amakhudza mtengo wa mabulosi. Spores amayembekeza nyengo yozizira pamanyumba. 
Pofiyira mphesa
Kuphatikiza apo, samafa pamtunda wotsika kapena kutentha kwambiri. Mikhalidwe yabwino ikangokhazikika, bowa umayamba ntchito yake yofunika. Zowopsa komanso zowopsa ndizophatikiza:
- Zabodza zonenepa za ufa wonenepa (zotsekemera) - zowonongeka zamasamba, mawanga amafuta amawoneka. Posakhalitsa iwo amakula. Zimachitika chifukwa chinyezi kwambiri. Matendawa akayambika, mphesa zimafa.
- Powdery mildew (oidium) ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu: kuyamwa kwa imvi pamtunda wa mtengo. Chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa, zipatsozo zimasweka, ma drupes amawululidwa.
- Anthracnose - mawanga a bulauni amawoneka. Zotsatira zake, zobiriwira zimafa ndikugwa.
- Black zowola - causative wothandizila matendawa amalowa mkati mwa maluwa, mu mawonekedwe a necrosis amakhudza masamba, akuwononga zipatso. Ndiowopsa kwa mphesa, osatenga njira, imfa m'masiku atatu.
- Gray zowola - nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mphukira zazing'ono ndi mipesa, kuwononga mbewu. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kupyapyala kubzala.
- Zowola kwambiri - fungus yakuda, yopanda phulusa, imapezeka muming'alu ya zipatso zomwe zimakumana ndi nthaka. Vinyo wa zipatso zotere amapeza zipatso zowawa.
- Kuwona kwamtambo wakuda (Marsonin) - kumawonekera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ngati madontho amdima pa masamba, zipatso zimadetsedwa, matuza a nkhuni.
Zomwe zimapangidwiratu kumatenda ndi zolakwika posamalira. Ngati matendawa atha kuchiritsidwa, mtsogolomo ndikofunikira kubwereza zofunikira kuti zikalimbe. 
Mphesa za Oidium
Komabe, mitundu yosagwirizana ndi zotupa idapangidwa.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo timadikirira kuzizira mu masamba agwa ndi makulidwe odakidwa. Tizirombo tambiri palimodzi sitingavulaze mphesa. Komabe, amachulukana mwachangu, popanda chithandizo amawononga chitsamba. Mitengo yomwe ikukhudzidwa imafooka, chifukwa cha izi imakhudzidwa ndi matenda.
Tizilombo toyopsa kwambiri:
- Phyloxera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, timatikumbutsa za aphid yakuda. Imakhala panthaka, imayamwa madzi kuchokera ku ma rhizomes, omwe amakhumudwitsa kukula kwa bacteriosis ndi fungus. Ndikosavuta kufafaniza tizilombo, chifukwa chake chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri.
- Marble Khrushchev - kachilomboka wamkulu (mpaka 3 cm) wa hule wakuda. Oopsa kwambiri ndi mphutsi zomwe zimayambitsa mizu mpaka 300 cm.
- Leafworm - mbozi zikudya masamba ndi zipatso. Mutha kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kudzera pa intaneti paming'alu yaying'ono yamtengo.
- Motley ya mphesa ndi tizilombo touluka tofiirira timene timaberekana kwambiri. Mphutsi za mbozi zimadya masamba ndi masamba.
- Cicadas - kudumpha agulugufe omwe amadya chakudya chomera. Izi zimakwiyitsa kufooka, kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo komanso mafangasi. Nyengo imodzi yokha, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuwononga mbewu zonse m'mundamo. Imakhala m'mabowo chotsalira, malo okhuthala.
- Spider mite ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndizosatheka kuwona ndi maliseche. Tizilombo timayamwa madzi ku nthambi zazing'ono, masamba. Moyo wogwira ntchito umayamba nyengo yamvula, kusowa chinyezi. Mitengo yomwe yakhudzidwa ikutaya masamba, yowuma. Mphepo ya kangaude imatha kudziwika ndi tsamba loonda pakati pa masamba, masango, malo okumbika pansi pambale.
- Mavu - iwo amatulutsa mungu nthawi ya maluwa, koma pomaliza pake amasanduka tizirombo. Amadya zipatso, zomwe zimalepheretsa kusonkhanitsa, amaba zipatsozo.
- Slugs ndi nkhono - idyani zamasamba, zowonjezera photosynthesis. Kuwoneka ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Ndikosavuta kufafaniza tizirombo tomwe tidatchulidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa ndikofunikira, zomwe sizabwino kwenikweni mtengo wa zipatso.
Ndondomeko ya kasupe kukonza mphesa, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala
Nthawi zambiri, mphesa zimasungidwa nthawi yozizira. Chapakatikati, kutentha kukakhazikika, mtengowo umatsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono, nthambi zimamangidwa. Pambuyo pochotsa kwathunthu pogona, kukonzekera nyengo yamawa kumayamba:
- Pambuyo yozizira (pakati Russia - Epulo 1-15, kumwera - mu Marichi), kuchitira fungicides. Pakatha milungu ingapo, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa.
- Kupopera kumaso kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi, maluwa asanakhale. Tizilombo toyesa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mtengo udagundidwa ndi majeremusi, mankhwalawa amayenera kubwezeredwa pakatha masiku 10-12.
- Kupopera mbewu komaliza kumatha maluwa atatha kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso fungicides.
Kufufuza ndikuloledwa panthawi yopanga masamba. M'nyengo yotentha, njira zochiritsira zimachitika pamene zotupa zapezeka. Mukugwa, komaliza kukonza limapangidwa kuti amadyera atagwa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphesa mu kasupe kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo: 32 yabwino mankhwala
| Mankhwala, wowerengeka wowerengeka | Miyezo yophika | Matenda, tizilombo | Kukonza |
| Abiga Peak | 40 g / 10 l. | Fungus ya Peronospore, powdery mildew, zowola zowawa, Marsonin. | Nthawi zonse. |
| Albite | 3 ml / 10 l. | Powdery Mildew | - Pamaso pa maluwa. - Popanga zipatso. |
| Baktofit | 10 ml / 10 l. | Nthawi zonse, masabata 1.5-2. | |
| Bordeaux madzimadzi | 3-4%. | Downy khosi. | Kuthirira kale komanso nthawi ya impso. |
| Komano | 0,15. | Oidium. | Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa katatu mu nthawi yamasamba ndi pafupipafupi kwa masiku 10-12. |
| Buzzer | 0,5-0,75. | Muldew, Marsonin. | Kumwaza m'malo onse. |
| Cumulus | 6-8. | Powdery Mildew | Chithandizo chake ngati chizindikiro cha matendawa chachitika. Kutalika kocheperako pakati pa kupopera mbewu ndi masiku 10-12. |
| Cuproxate | 5-6. | Wachikulire. | Kuthirira m'nthawi yamasamba. |
| Cuprolux | 25-30 ml pa 10 malita. | Kumwaza m'malo onse. | |
| Medea | 0,8-1,2. | Powdery mildew, zowola, marsonin. | Ndi mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro za matenda ndi imeneyi osachepera milungu 1-1.5. |
| Panyumba | 15-20 g / 10 l. | Wachikulire. | - Ngati zizindikiro zapezeka osachepera masiku 10 musanafike maluwa. - Late maluwa. - Maonekedwe a chipatso. - Zipatso zikafika pakukula kwa nandolo. |
| Wofulumira | 2,5. | Ndikukonzekera mu masamba nthawi ndi masabata 1.5-2. | |
| Phindu Golide | 4 g / 10 l. | Nthawi zonse. | |
| Sporobacterin | 20 g pa 100 sq.m. | Mildew, powdery mildew, imvi zowola. | Kusintha mu nthawi yamasamba. |
| Kubwera posachedwa | 0,3-0,4. | Oidium, Marsonin ndi zowola zakuda, rubella. | - Pa budding. - Mpaka chipatso cha tsango chimatseka. - Ndiye ndi pafupipafupi masiku 10-14. |
| Amphaka | 0,15-0,2. | Oidium, downy khansa. | Kuthirira m'nthawi yamasamba. Ntchito limodzi ndi fungicides ena, kupatula ma strobilurins. |
| Topazi | 0,4. | Powdery Mildew | Nthawi yakula. |
| Tiovit Jet | 30-50 g pa 10 malita. | Kupopera mankhwalawa katatu mu nthawi yamasamba. | |
| Homoxyl | 15-20 g pa 10 malita. | Wachikulire. | - Ngati mawanga apezeka mkati mwa buddha kapena prophylaxis masabata 1.5 musanafike maluwa. - Pambuyo pamakhala kugwa. - Zipatso zikaoneka. |
| Makolasi | 0,6-0,7. | Mitundu yonse ya zowola. | - Chiyambi cha maluwa. - Musanayambe kusankha zipatso masango. - Kuyamba kwa kudetsa zipatso. |
| Vitriol wabuluu | Kwa chithandizo choyamba - 300 g pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi, chotsatira - 100 g. | Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. | Nthawi iliyonse kupatula nthawi ya maluwa. |
| Iron sulfate | 500 g / 10 l. | Downy mildew, anthracnose. | Pambuyo pochotsa pogona, mpaka mawonekedwe a impso. |
| Golide wa Ridomil | 10 g / 4 l. | Wachikulire. | Zizindikiro za matendawa zikafika. |
| Quadris | 60-80 ml / 10 l. | Mildew, ufa wa ufa. | Asanakhale komanso atayamba kuoneka maluwa. |
| Colloidal sulufule | 40 g pachidebe chilichonse cha madzi ozizira. | Pamaso budding. | |
| Vermitek | 5-8 ml pa 10 malita. | Mafunso | Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, munthawi yotupa kwa impso. |
| Bi-58 | Ampule pa ndowa. | Kangaude ndikukumva kuwira, aphid. | Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yamasamba mukamaliza kukonzekera, ndiye kuti zinthuzo zitha kugwira ntchito. |
| Yankho | 20 ml pa 10 malita. | Leafworm, kangaude mite. | Zizindikiro zikaoneka. |
| Trichodermin | 50 ml / 10 l. | Yogwira ntchito pa zilonda zopitirira 50. | - Kuwulula impso. - 3 milungu itatha yoyamba mankhwala. Ntchito zogwiritsidwa ntchito mvula ikangogwa. |
| Fitosporin | 15 ml / 10 l. | Matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya. | - Pakatsegulidwa masamba. - Pambuyo wilting masamba. |
| Mikosan | 100 ml / 4 l. | Mafangayi. | Mukapanga masamba oyamba. Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. |
| Ecogel | 10 ml / 1 l. | Zilonda za mafungasi komanso mabakiteriya. | - Madzi pansi pa muzu mpaka amadyera. - Wokhala ndi masamba atapangidwa. |
5 wowerengeka azitsamba pokonza mphesa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga mchaka
| Mankhwala, wowerengeka wowerengeka | Miyezo yophika | Matenda, tizilombo | Kukonza |
| Iodini | Botolo ya malita 5 a madzi. | Gray zowola. | Pomwe masamba awoneka. |
| Garlic kulowetsedwa | 50 g ya mitu yosweka kutsanulira 0,5 l madzi. Kuumirira maola ochepa. Bweretsani bukulo kwa lita imodzi. | Mitundu yonse ya nkhupakupa, kuyabwa. | - Koyamba masika. - Masiku angapo asanafike maluwa. |
| Yankho la mkaka | 1 lita imodzi ya mkaka wa skim / 10 lita imodzi ya madzi. | Powdery Mildew | Nthawi yakula. |
| Kuchapa sopo ndi phulusa | Phatikizani gawo 1 mpaka 1 mumtsuko wamadzi ozizira. | Matenda ndi tizirombo m'magawo oyamba a zotupa. | |
| Anyezi kulowetsedwa | Thirani 0,5 ndowa ya chigawo chimodzi ndi madzi. Wiritsani pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi 20-30. Kuumirira maola 24-30. 4. Kupsinjika. Onjezani 1 tbsp. wokondedwa. Muziganiza bwino. | Tizilombo tambiri. | Mtundu usanakhale ndi pambuyo. |
Oyamba samalabadira chidwi ndi kutetezedwa kwa masika. Uku ndikulakwitsa kwakukulu. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zimangoletsa kuchepa kwa tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizithana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse, ndikofunikira kuti muwone mosamala mankhwalawo. Kupanda kutero, sikuti amangogwira ntchito, komanso amathanso kuvulaza, makamaka mankhwala.
