Mlimi aliyense wa nkhuku ayenera kusankha mtundu wa nkhuku malingana ndi zolinga zawo. Ngati akukonzekera kugulitsa nyama kapena kukula mbalame kuti agwiritse ntchito, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira mtundu wa nyama. Ngati cholinga chachikulu ndicho kutenga mazira, nkhuku iyenera kugula dzira. Mukhoza kuthetsa mavuto awiri panthawi imodzimodzi, mutengere zomwe zili padziko lonse. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za momwe dzira limapangidwira nkhuku zosiyanasiyana: mudzaphunzira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuonjezera zokolola za mbalame, zaka zingati, komanso matenda omwe angachepetse.
Mitundu ya nkhuku
Nkhuku zonse zimagawidwa mu mitundu itatu: nyama, dzira ndi chilengedwe (dzira la nyama). Takusankhirani kuti mufotokozere mitundu 5 m'magulu onse omwe amadziwika ndi mazira opambana kwambiri.
Nyama nkhuku
Nkhuku zanyama zimaimira kukula kwake kwakukulu, misa yaikulu ndi nyama zabwino. Monga lamulo, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, chifukwa chake zimakhala zolemera. Nkhuku nyama ikhoza kulemera makilogalamu 5.5, zigawo - mpaka makilogalamu 4.5. 
Otsatirawa ali ndi chibadwa chabwino cha nasizhivaniya ndi chibadwa cha amayi. Nkhuku za nyama zimatha msinkhu kuposa zinyama zina. Amatha kuchulukitsa kuyambira miyezi 7-8. Ndipo ndithudi, iwo sangadzitamande dzira lopanga. Mazira ambiri pa chaka ndi zidutswa 80-120.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nyama pakati pa mbalame lero ndi:
- Brama;
- Cochinquin;
- Chimanga;
- Gudan;
- Fireball
Akuluakulu Okhazikika Cochinquin onetsetsani makilogalamu 3.5-5.5 payekha; nkhuku zilemera makilogalamu 3.5-4.5 iliyonse. Oimira mtundu uwu ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yakuda, woyera, bronze, buluu, fawn, partridge ndi ena. Mwachangu pa chaka - 100-120 mazira olemera 50-60 g. 
Amuna a Cornish kufika pamtunda wa makilogalamu 5, akazi - 3.5 makilogalamu. Ambiri a mtundu wa White Cornish, koma mumatha kupeza mdima, udzu, wofiira. Mazira akuika nkhuku - mpaka 110-140 zidutswa zokwana 55-60 g. 
Zabwino kupeza masentimita 2.5 - zigawo, ndi 3 makilogalamu. Mtundu womwe uli nawo ndi wakuda ndi mawanga oyera. Avereji ya dzira pachaka - mpaka mazira 160. Kulemera kwake ndi 50-55 g. 
Oimira a Fireball kupeza 2.5-4 makilogalamu. Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyana: yowonjezereka ndi siliva ndi salimoni. Mu chaka chimodzi chosanjikiza amatha kubweretsa mazira 160-180 olemera 55-60 g. 
Mazira nkhuku
Monga dzina limatanthauzira, anthu omwe amayendetsa dzira amayamikira chifukwa cha kukula kwa dzira komanso mazira ambiri. Nkhukuzi, monga lamulo, musapitirire kulemera kwa makilogalamu 2.5. Wodziwika ndi nthawi yoyenera, kutha msinkhu komanso kusakhala ndi makulitsidwe otha msinkhu.
Mukudziwa? Mu Guinness Book of Records munagwa mtundu wina wa Leggorn, umene mu 1956 unabweretsa dzira lolemera 454 g, ngakhale kuti achibale ake amatha kuika mazira 60-70 g.
Yabwino pakati pa mitundu ya dzira ndi:
- Leggorn;
- Hisex Brown;
- Chosowa;
- Isa Brown;
- Pamwamba.
Hisex Brown ali ndi thupi lolemera - mpaka 2 kg. Dzira lawo limapanga mazira 300-320 pachaka, limodzi ndi la 63-65 g. Kukolola kwakukulu kumatenga zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. 
Oimira Lohman Brown - nkhuku zing'onozing'ono komanso zazikulu. Amapeza pafupifupi makilogalamu 1.5. Mthenga wa nthenga ndi wofiirira. Mazira a nkhuku ndi okwera - mpaka zidutswa 320 pachaka. Kulemera kwake kwa chidutswa chimodzi ndi 60-64 g. 
Mizere Isa Brown kufika kulemera kokwana 1.9 kg. Nkhuku ya mtundu uwu imatha kuika mazira 320 pachaka ndi kulemera kwa 63 g. 
Mzere wapamwamba - mbalame zokhala ndi thupi zolemera makilogalamu 1.5, zophimbidwa ndi maula oyera ndi ofiira. Imodzi yokhala ndi masiku 365 imapereka mazira okwana 340 okhala ndi kulemera kwake kwa 65 g.
Ndikofunikira! Mlingo wa dzira umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga zaka za nkhuku, mkhalidwe wa thanzi, zofunikira za nyumba yake, chakudya chokwanira chokwanira ndi mapuloteni ndi calcium, ndi nyengo.
Zanyama Zonse
Mitundu ya kayendedwe ka chilengedwe chonse imalandira chifukwa cha kudutsa mbalame zokhala ndi mazira abwino komanso nyama yabwino kwambiri. Amakula mwakuya omwe akufuna kukhala nawo kuchokera ku mazira ndi nyama. Dzira lawo limapanga bwino - osachepera 200 zidutswa, ndipo ubwino wa nyama ndi wapamwamba. Oimira za njira iyi kwa amayi omwewo.
Zabwino m'gulu ili ndi:
- Australorp;
- Chiwonetsero;
- Plymouth;
- Rhode Island;
- Kuchinsky zaka.
Foxy Chicken Chicken kukula mpaka 3.5-4 kg makilogalamu - mpaka 5-7 makilogalamu. Chomera chimodzi chimatulutsa mazira pafupifupi 250 pachaka. Misa imodzi - 65-70 g. 
Mizinda ya Plymouth Odziwika ndi kulemera kwa 5 kg, nkhuku - mpaka 3-3.5 makilogalamu. Kawirikawiri dzira lopanga dzira ndilo zidutswa 170. Kulemera kwa chidutswa chimodzi ndi 55-60 g. 
Rhode Islands Achikulire yezani kuchokera pa 2.5 mpaka 4 kg, perekani mazira 170 olemera 60 g. 
Kuchinsky zaka mazira pafupifupi 200 pachaka. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi 55-60 g. Kukolola kwa nkhuku ndi 2.5-3 makilogalamu, mpaka 4 kg. 
Mukudziwa? Lero, nkhuku yophika imatengedwa kuti ndi yolemba mbiri ya mazira omwe amaikidwa pachaka. Zoposa 365 masiku anayika mazira 371. Mbiriyi inalembedwa mu 1976. Leggornu imakhalanso ndi zochitika zina zingapo. Kotero, mu 1956 woimira mtundu uwu anaika dzira lolemera 454. Ndipo mu 1971 dzira lokhala ndi 9 yolks linalembedwa mu Laygorn hen.
Kodi nkhuku zimayambira zaka zingati?
Choncho, mitundu iliyonse imayamba kunyamula m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, kuchokera kwa oimira nyama, muyenera kuyembekezera mazira oyambirira kuchokera pa 7-8, kapena kuchokera pa miyezi 9 (Gudan ndi Faverol - kuyambira 6). Mazira amayamba kukondweretsa okondedwa awo ndi mazira okoma kuyambira miyezi 4-5. Mbalame za dzira zimadya mazira a miyezi 5-6.
Video: Pamene nkhuku zimayamba kuika mazira
Ndi mazira angati nkhuku imanyamula?
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe akupanga mazira angakhoze kuyembekezera kwa oimira njira zosiyanasiyana kwa nthawi inayake.
Patsiku
Nkhuku siimayenda mosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku. Chizindikiro pamene choyika Lay Layn chinaika mazira 361 mu masiku 365 ndi zosiyana. Nyama ikhoza kutenga dzira 1, mwachitsanzo, mu masiku 2-3. Kupitilira gawo limodzi ndi dzira lapachaka kupanga zidutswa 300 zingatengedwe kwa masiku 50-60 ndi masiku awiri. Amene amanyamula zidutswa zoposa 300 patsiku, amatha kuika mazira 40-80 ndi nthawi yaying'ono.
Fufuzani chifukwa chake nkhuku sizikhala ndi mazira, kaya nkhuku mazira ndi othandiza, mavitamini otani nkhuku amafunika kupanga dzira komanso chifukwa chake nkhuku zimapanga mazira.
Pa sabata
Kawirikawiri, mazira 4-5 pa sabata akhoza kuyembekezera kuchokera kumodzi umodzi wa dzira, kupitirira - 6, kuchokera ku mitundu ya nyama - 2-3 zidutswa, kuchokera ku chilengedwe chonse - 3-4 zidutswa. Chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kuchitika kokha m'nyengo ya chilimwe, pamene dzira limapanga msinkhu wake, ndipo pansi pazikhala bwino, kuphatikizapo zakudya zabwino. 
Mwezi uliwonse
Mlingo wokwanira wa dzira wa dzira limodzi ndi mazira 15-26, nyama - 10-13, nyama - 13-15. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti m'miyezi ya chilimwe mbalame zimathamanga, monga lamulo, tsiku lirilonse, m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi ya molting - nthawi zambiri, ndipo mitundu ina sichita konse.
Pa chaka
M'chaka, oimira nkhumba zimathamanga kuchokera nthawi 120 mpaka 150, mitundu ya mazira - 200-250 nthawi, nthawi zonse - 160-200.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwotcha kwa mazira kumachepa kwambiri kapena kugwa kwathunthu nthawi ya molting ndi hatching. Powapatsa zinthu zofunika mu nyumba ya nkhuku, zingatheke kuti m'nyengo yachisanu, kuchepa kwake sikuchitika.
Video: Ndi mazira angati nkhuku imanyamula
Ndikufuna tambala?
Kwa ambiri, izi zidzasintha kuti nkhuku iike mazira, safunikira tambala. Poyika nkhuku kusasitsa kwa dzira kumachitika mosasamala kanthu kuti kuli tambala mu henhouse kapena ayi. Koma pamene feteleza ndi kubadwa kwa nkhuku kumafunidwa, ndithudi, sangathe kuchita popanda fanizo lachimuna. Mazira osapangidwira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, si osiyana ndi feteleza kapena maonekedwe kapena zakudya. 
Mmene mungakulitsire kupanga dzira
Kuti nkhuku izikhala ndi mazira ambiri, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa:
- Maola a masana sali achidule kusiyana ndi 12 ndipo osapitirira maola 14 - payenera kukhala ndiwindo limodzi mu nyumba ya nkhuku kuti alowe mkati mwadzuwa komanso gwero lina lakuunikira m'nyengo yozizira (makamaka kuwala kwa usana);
- Kutentha - kutentha nkhuku, nkhuku zimakhala zofunitsitsa kuposa kuzizizira, choncho m'nyengo yozizira ndi kofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha sikugwera m'munsimu + 15 ° C. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwera kuti chiyike zotentha;
- Kutentha kwa mpweya pa mlingo wa 60-70% - ndi zizindikiro zapafupi kapena pamwamba pa nkhuku, zimakhala zomasuka;
- kuchuluka kwa anthu m'nyumba sikukwera kuposa 4-6 zigawo pa 1 mita mita. m;
- kupereka zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mbalame;
- kusunga miyezo yoyenera m'nyumba;
- bungwe la mpweya wabwino kwambiri.
Video: momwe mungalimbikitsire mazira ku nkhuku
Dyetsani kuti muonjezere kupanga mazira
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za zokolola zambiri mu mbalame ndi zakudya zabwino zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere.
Mitengo ya nkhuku iyenera kukhala:
- mbewu (tirigu, balere, oats, chimanga);
- masamba (mbatata, kaloti, beets, kabichi);
- masamba (nettle, dandelion, nyemba, clover);
- zakudya zamchere (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorini);
- mavitamini.
Phunzirani momwe mungadyetse nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira kuti muwathandize kupanga dzira.
Chikudya cha nkhuku tsiku lililonse chikhoza kuoneka ngati ichi:
- tirigu - 120 g;
- phala losakaniza - 30 g;
- mbatata yophika - 100 g;
- keke - 7 g;
- choko - 3 g;
- mchere - 0,5 g;
- fupa - 2 g;
- yisiti - 1 g
Mukhozanso kupanga branchi, zipolopolo zosweka, mchere, zinyalala kuchokera patebulo. Chakudya chamadzulo amawadyetsa ndi bowa, ndiwo zamasamba ndi amadyera. Madzulo - nthawi ya tirigu, yomwe iyenera kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kudyetsa madzulo kumachitika pasanathe ola limodzi mbalame zisanakwere. Nkofunika kuti musagwedeze kapena kugonjetsa mbalameyo.Ndikofunikira! Chingwe cholemera 2 kg ndi mazira ochita kupanga dzira Mazira 100 amafunikira 130 g chakudya pa tsiku. Pa zina zonse 250 g zolemera, onjezani 10 g chakudya.
Pali zinthu ziwiri zovomerezeka:
- kupezeka kwa madzi oyera;
- gravel bwino digestion.
Kodi nkhuku ingathe zaka zingati?
Kawirikawiri, kutalika kwa zokolola za nkhuku zimagwera chaka choyamba cha dzira. M'tsogolo, chaka chilichonse chachepetsedwa ndi 15-20%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali kuwonjezeka kwa misa ndi kukula kwa mazira. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, monga lamulo, nkhuku silingathe kubereka, nthawi zambiri imayamba kuvulaza. 
Kuchita mafakitale ndi mwambo kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuku kwa milungu 52 ya nthawi yopindulitsa ndi masabata 70 a moyo. Alimi amakonda kusankha nkhuku zosapitirira zaka zitatu.
Matenda omwe amachepetsa dzira kupanga
N'zoona kuti mlingo wa dzira umadalira thanzi la nkhuku. Tsoka ilo, nkhuku zitha kutenga matenda ambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe amayamba kutenga mazira ochepa, kapena kuleka kuchita zonsezo. Izi ndi zotsatira za matenda opatsirana: matenda opatsirana pogonana, colibacteriosis, mycoplasmosis, laryngotracheitis.
Ngati akuphwanya ulamuliro wa zoohygienic m'nyumba ya nkhuku, nkhuku zingadwale ndi hyperthermia, bronchopneumonia, ndi chimfine. Matenda onsewa angathe kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mazira omwe nkhuku imayikidwa, kapena kuchepetsa nthenda.
Werengani komanso momwe mungagonjetsere matenda a dzira.
Zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha avitaminosis, kusowa kwa mapuloteni ndi calcium, cloacite ndi kudula kumayambitsa chisokonezo cha njira yoika dzira. Kuperewera kwa chinthu chilichonse ndi moyo wokhala ndi moyo wouma moyo kumawopsyeza zochitika ndi oviduct ndi vuto la dzira-kuika. 
Overfeeding ikudzaza ndi chitukuko cha yolk peritonitis. Chakudya chosauka kwambiri chingayambitsenso kutupa kwa oviduct. Kuwonjezera pa matenda, kuchepa kapena kusapezeka kwa dzira kumachitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- kuunikira kosauka;
- chakudya chokwanira, chosauka kapena chokwanira;
- kusowa madzi;
- nthawi ya molting, hatching;
- kusagwirizana ndi kutentha, chinyezi, ulamuliro wa aeration m'nyumba ya nkhuku, kuthamanga kwa kutentha, kuzungulira;
- kusintha malo a zisa.
Choncho, mazirawa amakhudzidwa ndi zifukwa zambiri: mtundu wa nkhuku, zikhalidwe za nyumba zawo, nyengo, thanzi, msinkhu wake, zakudya. Chinthu choyamba chimene chiyenera kuchitika pamene kuchepetsa dzira kupanga ndikulitsa ubwino wa kudyetsa nkhuku, kubweretsa chiwerengero cha kuwala kwachilendo, kumvetsetsa zomwe zili mu nkhuku nkhu ndi thanzi la mbalame.
