Pa matenda onse avian, matenda a chiwindi amachitabe kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakufa kwa nkhuku komanso kuwonongeka kwa famu, matendawa amatchedwa mliri. Momwe mungadziwire mdani wochenjera, komwe mungamulindire komanso ngati n'zotheka kupulumutsa ma ward wakuba - tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolo.
Chikuku cha nkhuku ndi makhalidwe ake
Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, nkhuku ya nkhuku imaphatikizapo mitundu 10 yomwe imapha nkhuku. Mwa mitundu yonse ya matenda omwe anaphunzira, owopsa kwambiri, ngakhale alimi odziwa nkhuku, ali H5 ndi H7.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale, chimfinechi chimatchedwa "mphamvu." Dzina limeneli limachokera ku zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, zomwe zimachitika ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi mapulaneti ndi mwezi. Momwemo mankhwalawa sanalole kuti afotokoze njirazi mosiyana.
Matendawa amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu komanso kukula mofulumira kwa kachirombo ka HIV. Ngati simutenga nthawi, mukhoza kutaya ziweto zonse. Komanso, zaka zaposachedwapa, asayansi ayamba kulankhula za ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira ya matenda a anthu.
Choyamba cha milanduyi chinalembedwa ku Hong Kong. Kenaka mbalame ya H5N1 inayamba kupha anthu onse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuphulika komweku, pamene eni ake a famu ya mbalame anagwidwa ndi matendawa, kunayambanso ku Ulaya, Asia ndi Africa.
Onyamula matenda ndi otsekemera. Ambiri a iwo adatha kusintha machitidwe awo pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa kachilomboka ndikukhala ndi moyo, pokhalabe othandizira matendawa. Ndichodziwika kuti nyama zakutchire chimfine chimadwala, ndipo mbalame zimatha kufa.
Phunzirani momwe mungasiyanitse laryngotracheitis, salmonellosis, matenda a Marek, aspergillosis, mycoplasmosis, coccidiosis, matenda opatsirana pogonana, matenda a kuchepetsa dzira, conjunctivitis, salpingitis.
Kuti nkhuku imodzi ikhale ndi matendawa, kuyendera kwake nthawi imodzi kumakhala kozungulira kuzungulira mbalame zakutchire kapena malo awo. Ndipo matenda onse a ziweto angakhale okwanira:
- kusowa kwa zakudya;
- nyumba yochulukirapo;
- kusowa kwa disofection periodic of feeders ndi omwera;
- kutali;
- kulumikizana ndi anthu odwala ndi odwala, komanso mazira ndi nthenga;
- kupezeka kwa makoswe mu nyumba ya nkhuku.
Kutupa kwa mutu ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zomaliza za matendawa.
Mukudziwa? Chaka chilichonse m'mayiko amasiku ano anthu oposa 250,000 mpaka hafu miliyoni amafa ndi chimfine.
Paziopsezo zambiri za matenda ndi achinyamata omwe sanakumanepo ndi chitetezo. Malinga ndi ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Oxford, omwe adzipatula nthawi yochuluka pa phunziroli, kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya ndi kufa kwakukulu kwa mbalame kumayamba chifukwa nkhuku kunyumba chifukwa cha moyo waufupi alibe nthawi yokhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza thupi. Izi zinakhudza kuwonjezereka kwa mliri wa nkhuku mu nkhuku.
Ngozi ya matenda ndi njira zofalitsira
Nkhani zina zosangalatsa za mipingo ndi mphamvu ya chimfine cha mbalame kuti iwonetsere nthenga zina za nyumbayo. Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda ndi turkeys, abakha ndi atsekwe, zomwe zimafalitsa mavairasi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake matenda a munthu mmodzi m'nyumba amapha ziweto zonse.
Kuyanjana kwa kanthaŵi kochepa ndi mbalame zakutchire kumakwanira matenda a nkhuku.
Asayansi atulukira njira zingapo za matenda ndi chimfine cha mbalame:
- Ntchentche ndi zitsulo zina za mbalame zimagunda nkhuku ndi malo oyendayenda m'mabwalo. Mu zouma, ma particles pamodzi ndi fumbi angalowe m'malo opuma, omwe ndi owopsa kwa anthu.
- Kugwiritsira ntchito nyama yodetsedwa ndi mankhwala a dzira ndi madzi. Kuchokera m'thupi la mbalame yodwala, kachilombo kameneka kakufalikira ku chilengedwe ndi nyansi zakutchire, kusungunula, ndi kumwaza mazira. Ngati mumadya nyama yosazinga bwino, mazira ophika ophika ophika, zoopsa za matenda a munthu ndizomwe zili pamwamba. Pamaso mwa nthenga, zakumwa ndi mazira a mbalame zowopsya m'nyumba ya nkhuku, mbalame zina zimatenganso. Sizolandiridwa kuti mbalame zakutchire zilowe m'nyumba za nkhuku, imwani madzi kuchokera ku zakumwa zam'madzi ndikudyetsa zakudya zomwe zimaperekedwa kuti zikhale zinyama.
- Kuyanjana ndi amphaka. Nthawi yosayembekezereka imadzaza ndi kutayika kwa ziweto chifukwa chakuti amphaka angabweretse matenda mu bwalo pomeza chimwala chokhala ndi kachilombo kunja kwa bwalo. Choncho, ndi bwino kuti musalole kuti masamba a fluffy mu nkhuku coop. Inde, chifukwa cha ziwalo za thupi, zinyama zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Vuto la chimfine la avian limagwirizana ndi ayodini, mowa 70 peresenti, mowa wotchedwa formalin ndi Na hydrochloride.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda ndi mbalame, anthu amafunika:
- Sambani manja anu bwinobwino ndi sopo ndi madzi mukatha kupita ku nkhuku, komanso musadye.
- Imwani madzi owiritsa omwe ali otsekemera.
- Kudya chakudya (makamaka nyama ndi dzira) zomwe zakhala zikuchitidwa kutentha kwautali.
- Peŵani kuyanjana ndi mbalame zakutchire (swans, abakha, atsekwe, storks, granes, herons).
- Tsatirani njira zanu zotetezera pa ntchito yaulimi. Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti mavairasi amakhalabe ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, mu manyowa, matendawa akhoza kupitirira kwa miyezi itatu, ndi m'madzi a madzi - kwa masiku 30. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kutentha.
- Onetsetsani zinyama zam'nyumba, kusintha kwa khalidwe lake. Zoonadi, nthawi yowunika matendawa ndi njira zothandizira ndizofunika kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, kuyambira 2003 mpaka 2005, matenda okwana 112 a matenda a H5N1 a virus avian influenza anadziwika padziko lapansi, omwe 57 anali ophedwa. Odwala makamaka okhala ku Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, ndi Indonesia.
Mitundu yayikulu ya chimfine cha avian
Sayansi yamakono yamakono imayambitsa matenda a ntchentche ku ma ARVs a mtundu wa Orthomyxoviridae, omwe, malingana ndi maonekedwe awo a serological, amagwiritsa ntchito 3 serotypes:
- A - Zonyamulira zake ndi nyanja yam'madzi. Kuphulika kwa matendawa nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda a anthu komanso nkhuku zakufa. Serotype imaonedwa kuti ndi yoyipa kwambiri komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa anthu, ndipo ingayambitse mavuto aakulu. Fluenza A mitundu imagawidwa m'magulu angapo (H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, H5N1, H7N7, H1N2, H9N2, H7N2, H7N3, H7N5, H10N7, ndi ena);
- B - serotype ndi yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi yoyamba. Zimasintha nthawi 2-3 pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana. Ndichosinthika kuti kusintha kwake kumayambitsa kusintha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana zaka 3-5, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana. Onani kuti mphamvu ya mutagenic ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha ogwira mavairasi amachititsa kuti mliri wa fuluwenza B usakhazikike;
- Ndi - mavairasi a serotype awa amachiza anthu ndi zinyama, komanso amachititsa mavuto aakulu komanso kuphulika kwa mderalo. Kusasintha kwa kusintha kwa mtundu wa chimfinechi kumakhudzana ndi mfundo yakuti munthu amadwala kamodzi kokha m'moyo wake, ndipo kenako amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa anthu, zizindikiro za ntchentche ya avian sizisiyana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena, koma kufa ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Odwala omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi: kupweteka mutu ndi kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka, malungo, kunyoza, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kutuluka m'mphuno ndi mimba. Pa tsiku lachisanu lachisanu cha chitukuko cha matenda, kupuma kwayamba kumayambira.
Asayansi tsopano akudziwa pafupifupi 15 subtypes a mavairasi a mtundu A. Oopsa kwambiri mwawo ndi H5N1 ndi H7N7. Kusakanikirana kwapakati panthawi imodzi ya matenda a chimfine. Zimatenga nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamene kangabweretse nkhuku. Pambuyo maola 48 a matendawa, mukhoza kutaya zinyama zonse. Maphunziro a ophunzira angakhale chizindikiro cha chimfine cha mbalame.
Pali milandu pamene matendawa ali ochepa thupi. Kenaka, mu mbalame zam'tchire, mazira oika dzira akhoza kuchepa ndipo kunja kwa nthenga kumachepa. Koma mitundu yoopsa ya chimfine imadziwonetsera okha kwa maola makumi awiri kuchokera pamene matendawa aloŵa mu thupi la mbalame. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe kungakhale kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 masiku.
Chiwombankhanga cha avian chikhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa:
- zovuta (owopsa kwambiri ndi chipatala chowala);
- subacute (matendawa amatha masiku 10 mpaka 25 ndipo amasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ambirimbiri omwe amwalira, chiwerengero cha matendawa chimapezeka pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya milandu);
- osatha (kumachitika pamene matendawa ali ndi vuto lochepa la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, lasokonezeka).
Pezani chifukwa chake pamakhala miyendo ya nkhuku, chifukwa nkhuku zimayenda ndi zofunikira, bwanji nkhuku zotsekula.
Gawo la mbalame chimfine matenda
Matenda a kachilomboka, kulowa m'thupi la nkhuku, amachulukira m'matumbo ake. Pambuyo maola 4, kupweteka kumayambitsa magazi, kumakhudzanso njira yake, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi.
Pa nthawi yonse ya kukhala ndi thupi la zamoyo zilizonse, kachirombo ka chimfine chimadutsa muzinthu zinayi za chitukuko:
- Wodziwika ndi kuchulukitsa kwa matenda ndi kusungunuka kwa poizoni m'thupi.
- Vutoli limalowa kale m'magazi ndipo limapezeka mosavuta. Iyi ndi nthawi ya viremia, pamene chiwerengero cha nkhuku chikuchepa kwambiri. Zimapezeka chifukwa cha poizoni.
- Kuberekera kwa mavairasi kwaima kale, ndipo thupi limapanga ma antibodies.
- M'thupi la thupi lokhala ndi nthenda yotha kudwala, kumakhala ma antibodies, omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamalimbane ndi matenda.
Sikuti matenda opatsirana okha amachititsa kuti nkhuku zisamve bwino, phunzirani kuthana ndi mphutsi, nkhupakupa, nsabwe, utitiri, ndi nthenga.
Zizindikiro za fuluwenza ya avian
Mfundo yakuti ziweto zakhudzidwa ndi matenda a chimfine zimangoganiziridwa ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri, komanso nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku thanzi.
Matendawa akuwonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kuchepa kwakukulu mu dzira likugwirira ntchito;Akadwala, amatha kunyamula mazira popanda chipolopolo.
- kukana kwathunthu anthu odwala kuti adye, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa mofulumira kulemera kwa moyo;
- kusokonezeka kwa maonekedwe, kuchepa kwa ntchito;
- nthenga zowonongeka ndi minofu yotentha mucous tissue;
- Maselo ambirimbiri omwe amachititsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta komanso kumapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino;
- kukhalapo kwa milandu yakuya komanso kupuma kwapakati;
- kuwonjezeka kufika ku 40-43 ° C kutentha kwa thupi;
- kutsegula m'mimba mtundu wobiriwira;
- kupwetekedwa mtima;
- Nkhuku (mu nkhuku, zosokonezeka za dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha zimawonetseredwa ndi kulephera kugwirizanitsa kuyenda, kugwa, kuthamanga kwa mapiko ndi khosi, kusowa kwa mayankho ku zinyansi zakunja, kusakhoza kuyenda pamapazi);
- ludzu lamphamvu, chifukwa chake m'mapapo mapapo amakula ndikufa.
Ndikofunikira! Mavairasi a H5N1 ndi H7N7 amafalitsidwa ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga kuchokera ku mbalame yodwalayo kupita kwa anthu. Sipanakhazikitsidwe milandu yotumizira matenda pakati pa anthu odwala komanso odwala.
Kutulukira matenda
Ndikofunika kusunga khalidwe la alonda a nkhuku ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayankha zolakwika zomwe zimakhala ndi khalidwe lawo. Palibe mankhwala othandiza kuti matenda a chimfine akufa lero. Choncho, pozindikira zochepa chabe za matendawa, ndibwino kudziwitsa anthu za zinyama kuti athetse vutoli.
Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku wake wa nkhuku zakufa. Zikatero, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka:
- mucosal amasintha mu ziwalo za m'mimba;
- Zochitika za kutayika kwa mmimba ndi ntchentche;
- Mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kutupa kwakukulu;
- thupi lokhazika thupi.
Pezani zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku zikunjenjemera, penyani, chifuwa.
Akatswiri amaona kuti matendawa amatsimikizira kuti:
- kudzipatula ndikudziwika kuti ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (makamaka pamaso pa zizindikiro za subtypes H5 ndi H7);
- zizindikiro za ribonucleic acid;
- kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kwa ma hemagglutinin mavairasi a H5 ndi H7 subtypes.
Anthu odwala amatembenukira chisa cha buluu
Nthawi zina pamene ziphuphu za mbalame zimayamba ndi zotsatira zoopsa m'madera oyandikana nawo, nkofunika kuthetsa mlengalenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikhala kutali ndi malo ena kunja kwa masiku 25.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhuku ya chiwindi ya avian imawonongeka mosavuta ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. Mu nyama, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timamwalira patatha zaka khumi pamtentha wa madigiri * 85 ° Celsius.
Kodi chiwopsezo cha avian chimatha?
Ngakhale nkhuku imodzi yokha inamwalira mu nkhuku yanu, ngati matenda a avian chimatsimikiziridwa, muyenera kupha ziweto zonse mwazi ndi kuziwotcha. Chofunikira ichi n'choyenera chifukwa chakuti matendawa sali othandizira kuchipatala, ndipo zamoyozo zinali pafupi kwambiri. Pambuyo kupha nyumba ayenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha mankhwala akuchilomboka, lero palibe katemera wotsutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Asayansi akulongosola izi mwa kufalikira kwakukulu kwa vutoli ndi kusintha kwake kofulumira. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuyesa konse kuyesa zosokoneza sikudzatha. Mpaka pano, ochita kafukufuku amatha kusankha mankhwala omwe amaletsa kukula kwa kachilombo m'thupi.
WHO ikuyamikira
Kuti apeze chitetezo chaumwini, onse omwe ali ndi minda ya kumudzi ndi minda ya nkhuku, World Health Organization akulangiza kuti:
- Pewani kukhudzana kwa nkhuku ndi nyama iliyonse yakutchire.
- Musalole ana kuti alumikizane ndi mbalame zakutchire.
- Pewani ziweto poyatsa kapena pamalo omwe mwasankha.
- Ngati pali anthu omwe ali ndi matenda m'gulu la nkhosa, samalani nkhuku poteteza okha ndi kupuma, maski ndi magolovesi. Onetsetsani kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito nsapato zosinthika. Pambuyo pa ntchito, onetsetsani kusamba nkhope yanu ndi manja ndi sopo, ndipo zovala ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe mavairasi a chiwopsezo ali ovuta.
- Musadye nyama yodwala kapena mazira kapena mbalame zogwirizana nazo.
- Lembani nkhaniyo mwamsanga kwa katswiri wa ziweto.
- Pamaso pa zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana mwa anthu omwe akukula kumbuyo kwa nkhuku, pitani kuchipatala.
- Nthawi zonse mufiriji kuti musunge nyama ndi mazira pazokha.
Mukudziwa? Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa chimfine cha mbalame kunayamba mu 1878. Nthendayi inalembedwa ku Italy ndi Peronchito wa veterinarian. Ponena za imfa ya ziweto, poyamba idatchedwa "nkhuku".
Chitetezo cha Madzi a Avian
Malingana ndi akatswiri, palibe zochitika zomwe zimapereka zana limodzi peresenti kutetezera ziweto ku mavuto. Komabe, ngati mukuchita mwanjira yovuta, mukhoza kukhazikitsa chodalira chomwe palibe vuto lomwe lingagonjetse.
Njira zothandizira kuthetsa nkhanza mbalamezi ndizo:
- Kulekanitsa kwathunthu nkhuku kuchokera kwa anthu achilengedwe.
- Kuletsedwa kwa zinyama zapakhomo m'mabwalo a anthu, ndipo pakakhala kuphulika kumeneku - kuchokera kumalo okongola a mbalame zakutchire (nthawi iyi ikhoza kutenga miyezi ingapo, choncho malo odalirika ndi malo abwino amakhala oyenera).
- Kuwongolera mwamphamvu zinyama zopatsa chakudya ndi madzi. Sizomveka kuti anawo azidya mazira osadziwika. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
- Omwe amachiza odwala, oledzera komanso nkhuku zowonongeka.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya zoyenera kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo wa anapiye, komanso kuyambitsa vitamini complexes mu chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
- В случаях подозрения на инфицирование можно дать больным особям "Террамицин" (распылить лекарство на 20-сантиметровом расстоянии от больной курицы), "Хлортетрациклин" (препарат добавляют в кормовые мешанки из расчёта 0,3 г на 1 кг живого веса).
Узнайте, как излечить болезни ног и глаз у кур.Kuteteza matenda kumakhala kosavuta nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi kuchiza. Ndipo pakadali pano, poyesayesa kupeza chithandizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizinabweretsere zotsatira zake, njira iliyonse yothetsera iyenera kuchitidwa mwamphamvu. Ngakhale zomwe zingakhale zosatheka kuziganizira poyamba zimalimbikitsa chikhumbo choteteza nkhuku.
Matenda a Chikuku Video
Zowonongeka kwa mbalame
Ndipo sizingatheke ngakhale kulingalira za mbalame chimfine, iyi ndi nkhani yowopsya yokha ndi cholinga chowonetsa chuma cha Russia. Chiwombankhanga cha Avian, matenda a nkhumba, matenda a ng'ombe amisala, chibayo cha chiwindi - ndi mapulaneti angati omwe mwakhala nawo posachedwa?
Pafupifupi anthu chikwi padziko lonse lapansi adafera - kuchokera mabiliyoni - panthawi yomwe pafupifupi theka la milioni anamwalira ndi chimfine wamba chaka chilichonse.
... Ndipo pa mutuwo. Zikuwoneka ngati kungopweteka kwambiri. Amene alibe kukhudzana ndi mbalame zam'tchire, zoopsa ndizochepa. Chiwombankhangachi chinali, ndi nthawizonse chidzakhala chilengedwe, chogwirizana ndi mbalame yosamuka.
Ndimakumbukira ndikumbukira chaka cha 2005, kale ndakhala ndikuyambitsa nkhaniyi mu Utumiki wa Chitetezo. Patapita kanthawi, chirichonse chinachepa ...