Chakudya cha golide chatchuka kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Koma si aliyense amene amadziwa zinsinsi za zosiyana ndi zochititsa chidwi. Tiyeni tiwone mbiriyakale ya zosiyana ndi zizindikiro za chomera, mchitidwe wa kulima ndi kusamalira apulo "golide".
Mbiri yobereka
Apulo zosiyanasiyana Golden Delicious inakhazikitsidwa mu 1890 ku America, South Virginia, chifukwa cha kudutsa mosavuta. Kuphunzira za makhalidwe a mtengo watsopano ndi izo zinagulidwa. Zotsatira zake zinali kubala mitundu yatsopano yatsopano, yomwe maziko ake anali "Golden Excellent" (imatchedwanso apulo). Tsopano ndi wotchuka m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. 
Mukudziwa? Mapulo a kuthengo anayamba kulima kale m'dera la Kazakhstan ndi Kyrgyzstan masiku ano. Chisankhocho chinayambika ndipo chinapitilizidwa bwino ndi Agiriki akale. Kwa iwo muli mitundu 40.
Zamoyo
Zima zosiyanasiyana. Zipatso zikhoza kusungidwa mpaka May-April.
Zina mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana: zokolola ndi zapamwamba, kucha zipatso kumayambiriro, transportability ndi yosungirako pamlingo wapamwamba, zoyenera kukonza. Zipatso sizimagwa pamtengo. Koma zovuta ziri motere: zokolola zimatha kukhala pakatikati, mtengo wa apulo sumakonda chilala ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Chomera sichimalola brown spotting.
Zipatso zimayika kwambiri zinthu zopindulitsa: Ascorbic acid, P-yogwira zinthu, pectins, ascorbic acid, shuga.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Golden Delicious" inakhala maziko a kusinthika kwa mitundu yatsopano: "Jonagold" (Kuwonjezera pa "Jonatani"), "Starling", "Royal Red Delicious".
Pogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana "Red Delicious" ku America, mapeto ake osiyanasiyana "Red Red" anagwedezeka.
Malongosoledwe a mtengo ndi odzola mungu
Kufotokozera kwa apulo zosiyanasiyana "Kukoma Kwambiri": mtengo wamkati wokwera, kufika mamita atatu pamwamba. Mtengo wachikulire wozungulira, wozungulira, uli ndi chizolowezi chowombera. Korona wachinyamata "Golden Delicious" wothandizira. Mtengo wa Apple umabereka zochuluka, ndipo chifukwa nthambi nthawizonse zimatsikira pamwamba pa nthaka. Mphukira siiwopsya, yopindika, yofiira ndi yofiira. Pubescence ndi yofooka. Makungwa a mtengo wa apulo ndi mdima wakuda. Masambawo amawonekera pamapeto, ovunda ndi osakanikirana. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira. Maluwawo ndi ofanana ndi odzola, osakanikirana, ofiira, oyera ndi pinki, pistil column pubescent. Fruiting kusakaniza.
Ndi bwino kubzala pafupi ndi "Golden Delicious" zofufumitsa: "Kuthamanga Kwambiri", "Kusankhidwa", "Melrose", "Jonathan", "Wagner Mphoto". Mtengo wa apulo sangathe kuuluka pamadzi.
Ndikofunikira! Zokonza mungu zimayenera kubzalidwa mkati mwa makilomita 0,5 kuchokera ku Golden Delicious.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Maapulo ndi aakulu kapena osakaniza mu kukula. Fomu yayendera pafupi ndi tsinde, ngati kondomu. Peel ndi pang'ono kovuta, youma ndi wandiweyani. Dulani mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, kenako umakhala wachikasu-golidi ndi mtundu wofiirira wobiriwira, nthawi zina ndi wofiira wochokera ku dzuwa. Kulemera kwake kumakhala kosiyana, malingana ndi dera la kukula. Mwachitsanzo, pangakhale pafupifupi 140-170 g, nthawizina kuchepa. Manyowa ndi owopsa, oyera ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Mtundu wake umasintha chifukwa cha kusungirako kuwala kofiira, ndipo kukoma kwake kumakhala kokometsera. Mtengo sutayika ndi yosungirako bwino nthawi yonse. Fungo la chipatsocho ndi lowala. 
Pereka
Nthawi yokolola imakhala yotsika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Mtengo umodzi ukhoza kubweretsa makilogalamu 60 a mbewu, ndipo ndibwino kwambiri, makilogalamu 120. Maapulo ali ochuluka kwambiri moti amafanana ndi mphesa. Fruiting ikuyamba m'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala.
Mitengo yozizira ya mitengo ya apulo ikuphatikizapo "Antey", "Northern Synapse", "Medunitsa Zimnyaya", "Mtengo", "Lobo", "Orlik", "Bogatyr".
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Ndi bwino kugula mbande mu malo odyera kapena malo osungirako. Zotsatira zodwala ndi zosayenera zingagulitsidwe pamsika wa chilengedwe komanso ngakhale amalonda. Inde, kuonetsetsa kuti ubwino wa katundu sudzapweteka. Ubwino ndi wabwino ngati:
- mizu yakula kwambiri;
- sapling wa zaka zitatu ali ndi masamba 3-4 a mafupa mpaka mamita 60 cm ndipo amazuka mpaka masentimita 40;
- Palibe zizindikiro za matenda, kuwonongeka, makamaka pa tsamba la katemera.
Ngati mutenga chomera chaka ndi chaka, muyenera kukonzekera mapangidwe apamwamba a korona.
Mbeu ingagulidwe ndi nsalu ya dothi pa mizu, ndipo izi zidzakhala zowonjezera, monga momwe zilili pano mbewuyo idzaphuka mofulumira. 
Lamulo lodzala mbande za apulo m'deralo
Choyamba muyenera kumvetsera nthawi yoyenera kubzala mtengo. Chilengedwe ndi dothi zimathandizanso kwambiri.
Nthawi yabwino
Kubzala kungakhoze kuchitika mu kugwa, pamene palibe malo ozizira. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi mwezi wa Oktoba. Ngati munayenera kutero kumapeto kwa nyengo, ndi bwino kuyembekezera kuti mukhale otentha kwambiri mu April.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo
Pa malo osankhika amadalira pa thanzi la mtengo, motero kukolola kwabwino. Pa chiwembu cha apulo cha golidi, payenera kukhala dzuwa lambiri, lomwe ndi losavuta kukwaniritsa pobzala mtengo kumadzulo kwa munda. Chomera chodalirika cha loamy ndi carbonate-sody n'chosangalatsa, mosiyana ndi mchenga ndi wowonjezera. Ngakhale pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, zikhoza kukhala zirizonse. Koma ngati nthaka ndi dothi, onetsetsani kuti yonjezerani mchenga.
Acidity sayenera kukhalapo kapena kukhala yaying'ono. Kukula ndi madzi apansi pa mtunda wa mamita 2 kuchokera pamwamba ndi zofunika. Ndikofunikanso kuti mitengo ya apulo ikulumphire kumera pafupi.
Ndikofunikira! Apple ndi zakudya zopangira zakudya zokwanira 80-90%. Lili ndi chitsulo chambiri, ngakhale kuti silikuwonjezera hemoglobini chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kuyamwa. Gawo la tebulo la periodic: phosphorous, magnesium, potaziyamu, zinki, sodium, calcium, manganese, fluorine, ayodini, molybdenum. Organic acids: citric, malic, acetic, succinic, folic, ascorbic, nicotinic, chlorogenic. Mavitamini: A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, E, K, Z, ZZ. Zinthu zothandiza: pectin, carotene, wowuma, makatekini, mapuloteni ndi mafuta pangŠ¢ono ting'onoting'ono, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso macronutrients.
Site kukonzekera ndi mbande
Pa sitezi sayenera kale kukula mitengo ya zipatso. Posankha malo, izi ziyenera kuganizidwa: ziyenera kuunikiridwa mokwanira, nthaka ikhale yachonde, kapena nkofunikira kupereka chithandizo cha wosabereka ndi feteleza, ndipo malo sayenera kutseguka mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto. 
Mfundo ina yofunikira: payenera kukhala malo okwanira korona yopita patsogolo (3 mamita pakati pa mitengo). Kubzala chomera, dzenje la 1 mamita lonse ndi 1 mamita lakuya zakonzedwa kwa masabata atatu kapena mwezi kuti nthaka ikhale pansi ndi kuikanizidwa.
Mu "Golden Delicious" musanadzale zitsulo pamwamba ndi impso ndi pamwamba. Kotero mukhoza kuteteza kukula kwa mphukira zosafunikira. 5-6 masamba ndi mbali zotsalira mafupa.
Njira ndi ndondomeko
Mu dzenje lokonzedwa feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, mpaka 1 makilogalamu amakala, mpaka 2 kg ya superphosphate, 1 kapena 2 zidebe za humus, komanso 15 g ya sulphate ya potassium. Kenaka mu dzenje ikani chiwerengero kuti chigwire thunthu. Mtengo wa apulo umene uli ndi mizu yotseguka iyenera kuloledwa mu kukula kokondweretsa njira ya pafupifupi maola 1-2.
Mukamabzala mtengo, muzu wa mizu uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa mtunda wa masentimita asanu 5. Mthunzi umaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo zomera zimagwedezeka kuti zizigawa mofanana dziko lapansi. Kenaka, thunthu imangirizidwa ku khola ndipo imatsanulira pa ndowa ziwiri za madzi. Pamapeto pake, wosanjikizidwa pamwamba amamangidwa ndi humus ndipo amamangiriridwa pang'ono. Pakatha masiku atatu mutabzala mtengo muyenera kumwa madzi okwanira 4. 
Sanagwirizane ndi dziko lapansi kapena zitsulo zomwe zimangoikidwa mu dzenje komanso zophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Kumbukirani: mtunda wa pakati pa maenje uyenera kukhala mamita 3.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kulima minda yamaluwa "Golden Delicious" kuti ayese nambala ya mazira ndi maluwa, monga zipatso zimadwala ndi ambiri. Ndipo nthambi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Koma njira iyi ndi imodzi mwa anthu ambiri, omwe ntchito yawo ndi yokolola bwino komanso thanzi la mtengo. Kuchokera ku chisamaliro cha nyengo kumadalira chomwe kukoma ndi kulemera kudzakhala maapulo.
Mukudziwa? Chisato Ivasagi, wa ku Japan, adakulira pa dziko lapansi mu 2005: 1.85 kg wolemera.
Kusamalira dothi
Mutabzala mitengo muyenera kusamala namsongole. Ndikofunika kuthirira mtengo kangapo pachaka, osayiwala, chifukwa izi sizimakonda chilala. Choyamba kuthirira madzi musanayambe kuphuka, ndiye mutatha maluwa kumapeto kwa masabata atatu, musanakolole kwa masabata 3-4, ndipo potsirizira pake, tsamba ligwa.
Kumasula nthaka n'kofunikira nthawi zonse masika, makamaka mtengo ukadali wamng'ono. Kuphatikizira kumachitika mutatha kuthirira, kubzala, kuti muwonjezere zokolola. Kuti izi zitheke, gwiritsani ntchito dera lozungulira mtengo ndi feteleza wobiriwira. Mpweyawu ukhoza kukhala wa 30 cm mpaka 1.5 mamita. Ndi bwino kufesa nasturtium pansi pa mtengo wa apulo monga feteleza wobiriwira. 
Kudyetsa
Pofuna kukondweretsa zokolola, nthaka imadyetsedwa ndi organic ndi mineral feteleza. Chaka chilichonse perekani manyowa kapena kompositi. Manyowa amayamba m'dzinja, nthawi zina ndi kuwonjezera kwa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere. Kawiri pachaka, m'chaka ndi autumn, nayitrogeni feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndizotheka kwambiri. Yankho la urea limaonedwa kuti ndilovala bwino pamayambiriro a masika, m'chilimwe, sodium imathandiza popanga feteleza iliyonse.
Kuchiza mankhwala
- Ndikofunika kupopera ndi "Topaz" kuti muteteze powdery mildew, mutatha maluwa a chlorine mkuwa oksidi ndi abwino. Mukhozanso kudyetsa mtengo wa phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza.
- Brown spotting akhoza kutetezedwa ndi kuthirira nthaka moyenera ndi nthawi zonse, komanso kukumba nthaka isanafike nyengo yozizira.
- Pofuna kupewa nkhanambo pamakhala nthambi zoyenera.
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ngati matenda, timafuna kupewa mosamala.
- Karbofos amateteza nsabwe za m'masamba. Ndipo mungathe kupulumutsa mtengo kuchokera ku apulo mite, kuchotsa makungwa akale kuchokera pamenepo ndi kupopera malowo ndi yankho la Karbofos. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi masamba a apulo akhoza kutayidwa ndi masamba oyaka.
- Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa kachilomboka kameneka, mtengo ndi nthambi zakale zimamasulidwa ku makungwa akale.
- Nitrofen ya 3% imalepheretsa timapepala. Kapena mungagwiritse ntchito prophylactic nthawi isanafike Mphukira.
Werengani komanso momwe mungagwirire ndi tizilombo ta mtengo wa apulo monga mbulu ya apulo.
Kupanga korona ndi korona
Kukonza korona nthawi zonse n'kofunikira, ndipo mawonekedwe ayenera kuperekedwa ozungulira. Chocheperapo chomwe chingakhoze kuchitidwa ndi kupatulira, kubwezeretsanso ndi kudulira ndi kusamalira. Choyamba, nkofunika kuchotsa nthambi zowonjezereka ndi zowoneka, zosiyana chaka chatha. Zonsezi zidzalola kuti zosiyanasiyana zisamalire.
Mukhoza kutchera kugwa ndi kasupe. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuti achotse nthambi zowonongeka, ndi kugwa, zouma ndi zowola. Ngakhale m'chilimwe, kudulira kungatheke kuti chipatso chipezeke. Pambuyo chisanu kudulira sikungakhale.
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Amakumba nthaka kumapeto kwa autumn, manyowa ndi kumwa madzi. Pristvolnye mabwalo mulch. Mitengo yaing'ono imakhala yoyera ndi dothi, ndipo akale omwe ali ndi mandimu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi mkuwa sulphate ndi nkhuni.
Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe ndi njira yopangira kutseka, thunthu limayeretsedwa ndikutsekedwa ndi chirichonse chomwe chingakhale chothandiza: pepala, nsalu, burlap, nthambi za spruce. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito thovu la polyethylene pofuna kutsegula pomba. Nyengo yozizira isanayambe bwino kutentha mbewu. Ngakhale akunena kuti kuli kozizira, imakondabe kutentha. Pakati pa thaw ndikofunikira kuyanjana ndi chipale chofewa m'mimba mwake.
Pansi pazifukwa zabwino, Golden Delicious, yomwe yagonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi, chaka chilichonse chidzapatsa banja lanu zipatso zokoma, zipatso ndi zosiyanasiyana zakonzekera. Sangalalani!
