Orchid Zygopetalum ndi maluwa osadzichepetsa komanso okongoletsa kwambiri. Zimasiyanitsa ndi motley yotchinga ya maluwa okongola.
Zing'onozing'ono zygopetalum (Zygopetalum) zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa orchid. Ikuphatikiza mitundu 15 yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu uwu umayimilidwa ndi epiphytes, koma nthawi zina kumalo ena okhalamo akhoza kukhala lithophytes kapena zomera zapansi. Mitundu yonse ya mtundu umenewu ingapezeke m'madera otentha a ku America, koma anthu ambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula za ku Brazil.
Tsatanetsatane Mwachidule
Zygopetalum (Zygopetalum) - duwa ndilo lakale la Orchids. Amaonedwa kuti ndi monocotyledonous osatha epiphyte ndi lithophyte, nayenso ndi ya zomera zakutchire. Malo a maluwawo ndi Mexico, Brazil, Peru, madera otentha ku South America. Chilengedwe - Mtsinje wa miyala, nkhalango zam'madera otentha, madera.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Tsamba lakukwawa, kukula makwerero. Mphukira, imakula mpaka 50 - 60 cm mu msinkhu. Pseudobulbs ndi yaifupi, mpaka masentimita 6 m'litali, ovunda, yosalala. Khalani ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono. Pseudobulbs ali mu chisa cha masamba apansi, kenako amafa.
Masambawo amawala, amawonetseka, amakhala ochuluka, amanyanyaka, amawopsya. Amakhala ndi masamba a lanceolate. Mapepala amatenga longitudinal nthiti. Peduncle molunjika, mpaka 45 - 50 cm yaitali, limakula kuchokera kumunsi masamba. Mapulosi a zomera - mitengo yamaluwa yomwe imakhala ndi masamba 12kukula mosalekeza. Maluwa omwewo ndi variegated, maloti. Khalani ndi mtundu wosiyana wobiriwira, wofiirira, woyera. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba. Kusiyanitsa pamapiko kumakhala kwakukulu, kofiira kwambiri kapena lilac.
Maluwa aakulu ndi onunkhira. Muzu ndi wandiweyani, wosalimba. Njirayi ndi yoyera, yakuda, ukuluka.
Mbiri ya
Zygopetalum Orchid - kuchokera ku Greek - "paired", "goli" ndi "petal". Mitundu yachilengedwe imaonedwa kuti ndi South American orchid mitundu. Mtunduwu ndi wawung'ono, pali mitundu 15. Mitundu yolima yamaluwa masiku ano imapezeka ku Ulaya konse. Malingalirowa ndi osavuta kusunga, osadzichepetsa, amafuna zochitika pafupi ndi chilengedwe cha kutentha.
Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?
Zygopetalum ya orchid imasiyana ndi kukula kosazolowereka kwa mapesi, ndizo zachiyanjano. Mbalame yam'mimba imakula m'magawo - mbali iliyonse yatsopano ikukwera pamwamba pa pseudobulb yakale. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imeneyi imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi duwa yokhayokha, yomwe imamera pang'onopang'ono.
Zosiyana, mosiyana ndi ma orchids ena, salola zinthu zina "kuyanika" kwa gawo lapansi.
Mphukira ya mphukira imakhala yopanda chitetezo chomwe chimatha kusunga chinyezi mu gawo lapansi.
Podort ndi zithunzi zawo
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Mitundu ya hybrid ikugwirizana ndi malo.
Malo otchuka kwambiri.
Maculatum
Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndi mamita 7 cm. Inflorescence imaphatikizapo 10 mpaka 12 maluwa. Pangani kutalika, molunjika, mpaka masentimita 45. Petals variegated, wobiriwira ndi mawanga ofiira. Mlomo umakhala woyera, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira.
Amazonica
Maluwawo ndi oyera, milomo imayikidwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira. Masamba amakula ngati fanesi, wobiriwira wobiriwira, lanceolate. Mpaka 20 cm m'litali. Orchid ili ndi fungo losapitirira la maluwa.
Lindeniae
Maluwa a chomera ndi variegated, ooneka ngati nyenyezi.. Flower m'mimba mwake mpaka 7 - 8 masentimita. Maluwa ndi ofiira obiriwira ndi bulauni mikwingwirima. Kusiyana kwa maluwa, mtundu woyera ndi zofiira zofiirira. Masambawa ndi ofiira, amawunikira, amawala, mpaka 25 mpaka 30 cm m'litali.
Maluwa
Ndi liti ndipo zikuchitika bwanji?
Zotsambazi zikhoza kusamba pa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka ndi zolimbikitsa zina.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa kunyumba nthawi ndi nthawi
Tsvetokon ku Zygopetalum imakula pamene sinapangidwe pseudobulba. Pakati pa maluwa amayamba kukula. Zimayambira kukula pambuyo pa maluwa.
Kuonjezera maluwa a orchid ayenera kukonzedwanso pamalo ochepa.
Pa nthawi yopuma, pamene pseudobulbs yakula, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kufika 18 - 20 ° C. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika 60 - 70%. Kusamba kumachepetsedwa.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati simungathe kusungunuka?
Ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, peduncle singakule. Kuwonjezera kwowonjezera kwa duwa kumafunika. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 3 - 4 ° C.
Malangizo osamalira kunyumba
Kusankha malo
Orchid zygopetalum imakula bwino mthunzi wamba. Miphika imayikidwa bwino kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Mawindo a kumwera amafunika shading ndi nsalu yotchinga, makamaka pa nthawi ya masana. Malo akummwera amafunika kuunikira kwina ndi nyali yapadera kwa maola 4 pa tsiku.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Chinthu chopangira gawoli chimafuna kukhuta, chonyowa, chatsanulidwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ngalandezi zimaphatikizapo zidutswa za makungwa ndipo zowonjezera dongo, phula. Kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka kuwonjezera perlite. Vermiculite amawonjezeredwa kuti asunge gawo losavuta..
Zolemba za dothi:
- Moss - sphagnum - 1 koloko.
- Sodland - ora limodzi
- Peat - 1 ora
- Masamba owuma - ora limodzi
- Kusamba
Miphika
Kwa olima munda oyambirira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito miphika yapulasitiki yowonongeka kuti ayang'ane mkhalidwe wa mizu ndi umphumphu wa nthaka.
Pofuna kupuma bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga mabowo osati pansi pa mphika, komanso pambali yonse ya chidebecho. Anagwiritsanso ntchito mabokosi a matabwa, mabasiki okhwima.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwa orchid zygopetalum kumafuna moyenera. Kutentha kwa nyengo ya chilimwe ndi 24 - 25 ° C masana ndi 18 - 19 ° C usiku. M'nthawi yachisanu-yozizira, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 18 - 21 ° C masana, usiku mpaka 16 ° C.
Kuti zitheke bwino, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa madigiri 3 mpaka 4 kuyenera kuwonedwa.
Pamene kutentha kwa kasupe kumakhazikitsidwa, miphika ikhoza kutengedwera kunja kwa mpweya wabwino - kutsegula verandas ndi loggias. Chilengedwe chimapangitsa zomera kuti zikhale ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe usiku ndi masana.
Chinyezi
Kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika 70 - 90%. Chilolezo chovomerezeka cha zygopetalum ndi 60%. Mu kutentha, muyenera kupopera duwa, yambani masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa. Komanso pafupi ndi miphika imayikidwa zitsulo zotseguka ndi madzi. Mutha kuika miphika pazitsulo zamadzi.
Mu malo otentha, magetsi oyendetsa mpweya omwe amachititsa kuti mpweya uzikhala bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera chinyezi.
Kuunikira
Orchid zygopetalum imakonda kuwala kodetsa kodetsa. Miyezi yowoneka bwino imakhala maluwa osiyana. Masamba - chizindikiro cha zotsatira zake. Ngati mawanga akuwonekera pa masamba, mthunzi mawindo, chotsani miphika patsogolo pazenera. Ngati masamba ali mdima - kuwala kukuwonjezeredwa.
Kuthirira
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakonda chinyezi. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumakhala kochuluka, nthawi zonse. Amafunika m'mawa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Tikulimbikitsanso kukonza madzi ofunda kawiri pamwezi..
Mukamwetsa madzi sayenera kugwera pa inflorescences okha. Maluwa amatha kupempha. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuchepa. Chomeracho sichiyenera kuuma, koma dampness ya gawolo sayenera kuloledwa.
Pambuyo kusamba kwa tsamba la sinus, chotsitsacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi swab ya thonje.
Madzi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, kuyeretsedwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kutsirira ndi kumiza. Mphika umayikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu ndi madzi kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20. Madzi atatha kukwanira, amachotsedwa poto.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuwona kumafuna kawirikawiri, koma kumavala zovala. Potaziyamu ndi feteleza phosphate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza zamadzimadzi makamaka ma orchids. Kuti ngakhale kugawidwa kwa feteleza feteleza, kuvala pamwamba kukuphatikizidwa ndi ulimi wothirira..
Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, feteleza feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zobiriwira.
M'chilimwe iwo amathira maluwa 2 p. pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikwanira kufesa gawolo pamwezi.
Kuwaza
Kubwezeretsa chomeracho chiyenera kukhala zaka 2 mpaka 3, pamene mizu yakula kwambiri, mphika wakhala wochepa. Kuika ndi kofunikanso ngati gawo lapansi lawonongeka kapena ladetsedwa ndi matenda opatsirana. Ndondomekoyi imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, isanafike mapangidwe.
Mapulani:
- Wothira nthaka m'phika.
- Anachotsa mosamala maluwa.
- Amatsuka mizu ya nthaka yakale.
- Zakale, zouma, zowonongeka mizu zimadulidwa.
- Zowuma zouma zimachotsedwanso.
- Magawo amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makala.
Tikukupatsani inu kuti muwone kanema momwe zimachitikira Zigopetalum.
Kuswana
Zygopetalum ndiyo njira yovomerezeka kwambiri yopangira orchids.. Gawo lirilonse logawanika liyenera kukhala ndi pseudobulbs 2 mpaka 3 wathanzi.
Chigawo cha chigawenga:
- Mizu imatsukidwa kuchokera kumsana wakale, mizu yovunda ndi youma imadulidwa.
- Maluwawo amagawidwa m'magulu angapo.
- Mbali zolekanitsidwa zimadzaza ndi makala opasuka, owuma panja.
- Mbande imamizidwa mu moss - sphagnum m'makina apadera okhwima.
- Kuthirira kumakhala nthawi zonse musanayambe kuwombera.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zowonongeka kwambiri za orchids Zygopetalum:
- Madzi otentha amathandiza kuchotsa kangaude. Mukhoza kupanga masamba a zomera. Chithandizocho chiyenera kubwerezedwa 2 - 3 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku khumi ndi awiri.
- Nkhono ndi slugs nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa masamba a duwa, zimasiya ziphuphu zoyera. Amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a mezurol.
- Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi chinyezi chochuluka, mizu ndi imvi zowola zimayambira. Amafuna kuika, kusandutsa gawo lapansi, mankhwala ndi fungicide.
Pofuna kupewa zowola, zofiira, bowa, zimalimbikitsa kupukuta masamba ndi njira yofooka yochotsera: 1 l. madzi 20 g ndalama.
Kwa maluwa abwino, kukula ndi chitukuko cha orchid zygopetalum kumafunika kutsatira malamulo oyenera a chisamaliro: kuthirira nthawi zonse, kusakaniza nthawi yake, kuvala pamwamba ndi kuvala matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
