Mungadabwe, koma luso lakusonkhanitsa bowa ndi sayansi yeniyeni. Nkofunika osati kudziwa kokha kumene ndi kotheka kukasonkhanitsa, komanso kuti athe kusiyanitsa bowa zomwe zimapezeka ndi anthu osadziwika komanso owopsa, monga momwe amatha kudzidzizira okha. Kusadziŵa zoyambira za bowa kumatha kukhala zovuta. Tiyeni tione mitundu yayikulu ya bowa yomwe imakula m'dera la Saratov, komanso malamulo a kufufuza kwawo ndi malo a bowa.
Bowa Chodyera
Bowa omwe amadya amadya. Pali zikwi zingapo zadzidzidzi, m'dera la Saratov zikukula izi:
- azungu;
- mkaka wamafuta;
- kwenikweni milkcakes
- osakatula wakuda;
- boletus;
- maluwa ndi maambulera;
- mbalame za aspen;
- kukonza;
- chanterelles;
- russula;
- wokonda uchi;
- mizere.
Nkhumba zoyera
Bowa wonyezimira (woyera, boletus, mu Chilatini Bolétus edúlis) amakonda kukula pafupi ndi spruce, pine, thundu, birch pa moss kapena chivundikiro, mchenga, mchenga, loamy nthaka. Zimakula m'mayiko onse kupatula Australia. Kapu yake ikhoza kufika 50 cm mu girth, ndipo mwendo - 10 cm m'lifupi ndi 25 cm mu msinkhu. 
Hat Pali mitundu yosiyana-siyana ya bulauni - kuchokera ku mdima mpaka kuunika kwambiri. Zimakhala zooneka ngati maonekedwe, koma ndi msinkhu wa bowa amasintha mawonekedwe kuti akhale osasangalatsa. Peel pa bonnet ikhoza kukhala ngakhale, yochepa kapena yokhotakhota, mu mkhalidwe wa chinyezi chokwanira ndi mchere mpaka kukhudza, koma sayenera kugumpha kumbuyo kwa zamkati.
Phunzirani za njira zosiyanasiyana zokolola bowa la porcini m'nyengo yozizira, momwe mungayankhire bwino, kuposa bowa zoyera.
Pulp mtundu wandiweyani, wandiweyani, wobiriwira, ndi msinkhu ukhoza kukhala wowopsya komanso wachikasu, ngati uli wosweka, sudzasintha mtundu. Muwonekedwe lake lopaka, imanyeketsa pang'onopang'ono, koma pakuphika, zonunkhira zimatengedwa mnyumba yonse.
Pansi pa zamkati ndi khungu lakuya mpaka 4 masentimita wandiweyani. Malingana ndi msinkhu wa bowa, mtundu umasiyana ndi woyera mpaka wotumbululuka chikasu kapena azitona pang'ono.
Msola uli wandiweyani, wofanana ndi mbiya yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo mu bowa wakale iwo ndi chitsulo. Mtunduwo umakhala wopepuka kuposa kapu, uli ndi maonekedwe a matope. 
Nthaŵi yopatsa chipatso kwambiri ya boletus ndiyo mapeto a August, koma ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa September, ndipo mu October-kutentha.
Mukudziwa? Bowa lalikulu kwambiri lolemera makilogalamu 140 ndi 2 mamita awiri linang'ambika mu 1985 ku Wisconsin (USA).
Ku Italy, boletus amadyedwa yaiwisi, imayamikiridwa pambuyo pa kuphika kulikonse, chifukwa imafalitsa kukoma kokometsetsa ndipo siimdima pamene yophika.
Mitundu yophika:
- kuyanika - pamene kununkhira kumawonekera kwambiri;
- kukwima;
- otentha;
- kuzimitsa;
- kuzizira;
- kusamba.
Ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mbale zazikulu ndi mbale, mbale, msuzi, kupangira ma pies, zikondamoyo, madontho. Mapindu a ntchito yake akuwonetseredwa mu kukondoweza kwa chimbudzi ndi zabwino zomanga thupi.
Mkaka
Gululi limagwirizanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa ndi zizindikiro zofanana, koma imodzi yokha (yeniyeni) imatengedwa ngati yodyedwa, zina zonse zimadya.
Mphungu weniweni (wamvula, woyera, pravsky, wofiira, Lactárius résimus) imakula pafupi ndi birch, mapaini, limes mu masango akulu. Amakula m'katikati mwa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn.
Phunzirani momwe mungakolole ndi kukolola aspen, kumira wakuda, momwe mungakolole bowa m'mazira m'nyengo yozizira.
Hat mpaka 20 cm mu circumference, bowa aang'ono amakhala otetezeka, kenako amatenga mawonekedwe a nsanamira, m'mphepete mwake atakulungidwa mkati, ataphimbidwa ndi khungu loyera, khungu lofiira ndi utoto wofiira ndizotheka. 
Pulp kutsekemera, kutulutsa fungo la bowa, kumathera ndi madzi ofanana ndi mkaka, koma ndi kukoma kwake komwe kumavala ndi kukhala wonyezimira wachikasu.
Mwendo akhoza kukhala ndi masentimita 7 ndipo amatha kufika masentimita 5, osalala, opanda kanthu, mtundu ndi wofanana ndi wa kapu.
M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, bowa amapezeka ngati bowa, m'dziko lathu amakonda kudya ndi kukwera. Mitundu ina yauma, imakhala pansi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera zokometsera.
Maambulera okongola
Ambulera ndi variegated (macrolepiota, ambulera ya bowa, Macrolepiota procera) amatchulidwa ndi ambulera yomwe ili ndi kufanana. Bowa uwu ndi wachibale wa champagne, chipewa chake choyambirira chikuwonekera ngati dome, ndiye chimatsegula ndi kutenga mawonekedwe a belu, amawoneka ngati ambulera mu bowa okhwima, ndipo pali chidutswa chochepa pakati. 
Imene imakhala yofiirira, imakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda (chifukwa cha izi, bowa amawoneka kuti akudetsedwa), muluwo ndi wakuda. Dera la kapu likhoza kufika 30 cm.
Pulp Mtundu woyera, uli ndi utsi wabwino, uli ndi fungo la bowa wamphamvu, kotero kuti m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, Asia ndi Africa amagulitsidwa pamtengo wapatali. Nkhuku zazing'ono zomwe zimadyedwa kumeneko, zimakhala zovuta kwa anthu okhwima. Pansi pa thupi ili ndi mbale zofewa zoyera.
Mwendo woonda, mpaka 50 cm, wokhala ndi mamba, "siketi" imakula pansi pa bonnet.
Maambulera amasonkhanitsidwa kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa autumn mumadambo osabzalidwa kawirikawiri. Amadya kwambiri yokazinga. 
Chanterelles
Chanterelles (Cantharéllus) - izi ndi bowa zikukula pafupi ndi mitengo ya coniferous ndi yovuta, makamaka pansi, nthawi zina pa moss.
Kuphatikizapo mitundu iyi:
- velvety chanterelle (kawirikawiri mitundu);
- chidutswa;
- chodetsa;
- wamba (weniweni chanterelle, cockerel);
- chithunzi;
- zabodza (inedible);
- imvi
- chithunzithunzi;
- chosemedwa ngati nyanga (chakuda).
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe kusiyanitsa chanterelle yonyenga kuchokera ku real chanterelle, momwe mungasamalirire chanterelles, momwe mungasamalirire chanterelles, momwe mungachitire chanterelles.
Chanterelles amakula pa miyendo, yomwe imakhala pang'onopang'ono popanda kusintha. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera kapena wachikasu, mwendo ndi kapu ndizowonongeka, bowawo ndi otsika, nthawi zambiri amawombera. Pansi pa kapu imayikidwa. 
Kawirikawiri, bowa amawoneka owala kwambiri, mndandanda wa mdima wandiweyani, mitundu ina ya imvi kapena yakuda.
Chanterelles imakula pakati pa chilimwe ndipo imatha kupitiriza kukula mpaka m'mawa. Iwo sakhala osadandaula konse.
Nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa, yophika, owuma, zamzitini.
Maslata
Maslyata (Suillus) amakula pafupi ndi mitengo ya coniferous kuyambira ku chilimwe mpaka pakati pa autumn ndi kuphatikizapo mitundu 50. Hat zimakhala zoboola kapena zowonongeka, khungu ndi lofewa, zowonongeka, mdima, mosavuta kuchotsedwa mthupi la chikasu.
Dziwani zomwe boilers ndi zothandiza komanso zovulaza, momwe mungasiyanitse mabotolo abodza, kutsukitsa mwamsanga nkhumba popanda mpeni, ndi njira ziti zomwe mungakonzekere boilers m'nyengo yozizira, momwe zimakhalira zokoma kuphika nkhumba zozizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukadula, mnofu ukhoza kukhala wofiira kapena bluish, ndi tubular pansipa. Msola uli wofewa kapena wovuta pang'ono, wotsika, pangakhale mphete pansi pa kapu. 
Butters ndi okazinga, owiritsa, amchere, amawotchera, amaonjezera ku supu, sauces, mbali mbale, nthawi zambiri - zouma.
Bowa lakumapeto
Bowa lakumapeto (kwenikweni, Armillaria mellea) adasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa August mpaka kumayambiriro kwa December. Malo abwino kwambiri oti muwapeze iwo ndi mitengo yowonongeka, yamitsinje, stumps.
Chipewa chawo chimakula mpaka masentimita 10 mu girth, kawirikawiri - mpaka masentimita 17, ndiwonekedwe ofanana, pang'onopang'ono kutsegula. Wakale wa bowa, phokoso lake lidzakhala lokhazikika.
Mtundu wa khungu pamapopu ndi wachikasu kapena wofiirira ndi kusakaniza pang'ono kobiriwira, kumdima pakati. Pakati pa m'mphepete mukukula masikelo a kirimu, omwe sangakhale bowa wakale. 
Thupi ndi loyamba mnofu, lowala, kenako limakhala lochepa kwambiri, limatulutsa, limakhala lokoma, lamala kuchokera pansi.
Msolawo ndi woonda kwambiri, mpaka mamita 10 cm wamtali, bulauni, pa bonnet ya mthunzi wowala, pafupi ndi nthaka - mdima, ndi mbale, pafupi ndi bonnet pali filimu mu bwalo. Mu bowa wochulukirapo, tsinde lake limakhala lolimba ndipo limalowa pansi.
Ndikofunikira! 100 g ya uchi imakhala ndi mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wamkuwa ndi zinc.Bowa amatsuka, mchere, mwachangu, wiritsani. M'mayiko akumadzulo, iwo sali otchuka, nthawi zina amawoneka oopsa.
Phunzirani za phindu la uchi la bowa, momwe mungasungunulire uchi mowa m'nyengo yozizira, momwe mungathere, kuphika, kuphika caviar ku uchi wolimba.
Meadow uchi agaric
Meadow agaric uchi (minda, udzu negnuchchiki, cloves, dambo marasmius, Marasmius amawerenga) amasonkhanitsa kuchokera kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka pakati pa nthawi ya autumn, makamaka udzu - m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa misewu, m'munda wamaluwa. Amakula m'mabanja akulu. 
Hat chooneka ngati dongo poyamba, kenako chimakhala chophweka, mu bowa wakale kwambiri m'mphepete mwawo mulikwera pamwamba, pakatikati pali mdima wamdima. Madzi ake amatha kufika masentimita asanu, mobwerezabwereza - masentimita 8. Pakati pa kapu ndizomwe zimayambira. Peel chikasu chachikasu, chingakhale chokwera. Pulp wochenjera, ali ndi clove kapena almond kukoma. Pansi pa kapu muli ndi mbale.
Mwendo Zitha kukhala 10 cm wamtali ndi 5mm mu girth. Zimakonda kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta ndi ukalamba. Mtundu wa miyendo sungakhale wolimba ngati wa kapu.
Pophika, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zimaphatikizidwa, mchere, yokazinga, wophika. Zakudya zimadya, koma zimakhala zovuta.
Brownberries
Brownberry mbande ( Leccinum) pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana ndi khungu lakuda, kuyambira imvi-bulauni mpaka yofiirira. 
Kapu yawo imakhala yoboola ngati thupi, thupi ndi loyera, lofewa, limakhala lalikulu mpaka masentimita 15. Thupi limakhala loyera kwambiri, pansi ndi lopangidwa ndi ulusi wofanana ndi ulusi umene umakhala wamdima ndi msinkhu wa bowa, umakonda zokoma, zokometsera. Mukamathyola sikusintha mtundu (kupatula pinking podberzovik). Kukoma ndi kununkhira sizandale.
Msola uli woonda (mumdima wakuda ndi wolimba mofanana ndi mbiya), ukhoza kufika pa masentimita 12 m'litali, utoto wofiira mu mtundu, ululu, ulusi mu kukoma.
Nyengo ya kusonkhanitsa kwawo imabwera mu June ndipo imatha mu October. Brownberries amakula pafupi ndi mitengo yovuta, nthawi zambiri - pafupi ndi mabala. Zitha kuuma, kuphika, yokazinga, kuzifota.
Mukudziwa? Anthu okhala m'madera otsetsereka a tundra ndi m'nkhalango, kumene amabala bulala pafupi ndi mitengo ya birch, amawatcha "birch".
Apange bowa
Kupanga bowa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Ofiira (redhead, krasik, krasyuk, bowa wofiira, aspenik, dye, Leccinum aurantíacum) - ndi chipewa chofiira.
- Brown-bulauni (wofiira-bulauni, chikopa chaching'ono, Leccinum versipélle) - ndi chipewa cha mtundu wachikasu-bulauni.
- White (Aspen woyera, Leccinum percandidum) - ndi chipewa choyera.
- Zithunzi (Hárrya chrómapes) - ndi chipewa cha mtundu wakuda wa pinki ndi mwendo pamwamba pa pinki yofiira, pansi - ya chikasu.
Zimasiyanasiyana ndi browns ndi thupi lokhazikika komanso phazi lalikulu.
Pezani mitundu yanji ya bokosi la lalanje yomwe ilipo, ndi bowa wofiira wa boletus amawoneka bwanji, momwe mungasiyanitse mabodza olakwika.
Kapu imakula mpaka mamita masentimita khumi ndi awiri, mobwerezabwereza - mpaka masentimita 30. Mu bowa laling'ono ndi lozungulira, pafupi ndi pedicle, limakhala ngati lakala ndi zaka.
Mnofu wa bowa wachinyamata ndi wolimba, mchere wambiri ndi wofewa, mtunduwo ndi woyera, umasweka mdima ukagwa. 
Pansi pa kapu imakhala ndi villi-tubules mpaka 3 cm m'litali, pakati pa pores omwe amapangidwa. Wakukula fungasi, wakuda mtundu wa wosanjikiza.
Msola ukhoza kufika masentimita 15 m'litali ndi masentimita 5 mu girth, woyera, scaly. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, akhoza kukhala ndi lalikulu mamita pafupi ndi nthaka. Mosiyana ndi zojambulajambula, palibe mawonekedwe a mbiya. Kukoma kwake kunamveka utsi wofewa.
Kukoma kwa bowa ndi kofooka, kukoma sikulowerera, pokonza kuphika. Zingakhale zokazinga, zotchedwa marinated, zouma, zophika, mchere.
Ayenera kufufuzidwa pafupi ndi mitengo yochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri - pafupi ndi aspen ndi poplar, kuyambira pachiyambi cha nyengo ya chilimwe mpaka pakati pa m'dzinja. 
Zolemba
Zotsatira zapansi ndi:
- azungu;
- wakuda
- kukuda.
Ndipotu, bowa izi sizokhudzana ndi bowa, ngakhale kuti zimakhala zofanana ndizo, koma zimakhala zofanana. Zimakula makamaka pafupi ndi thundu, pine, aspen, spruce, birch, beech, ndi alder. Sungani nawo kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe mpaka m'mawa. Podgazdki ali ndi kukoma kokoma mchere.
Kusiyanitsa podgruzdka woyera (wouma wouma, Rússula délica) kuchokera pa katunduyo ndi motere:
- mu chikopa chowuma komanso chosasunthika pamutu;
- muzitsulo zofiira zoyera ndi zokongoletsera za buluu;
- popanda mchere woyera;
- Popanda kukonda kwamkati pamapope popanda mbale.
Hat zoyera pansi pa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu zikufanana ndi mulu, zimakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe a chingwe choyera chokhala ndi mdima. Mu girth cap akhoza kufika 18 masentimita. Pulp popanda mbale zopanda pake, mbale zimakonda lakuthwa.
Mwendo bowa, ngati chimwala, ndi choyera, chozungulira, chopanda kanthu.
Kutenga wakuda (Rússula adústa) amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa madzi oyera ndi kukoma kwake, mosiyana, thupi liri ndi kukoma kokoma. Ngati mutathyola bowa, zamkati zidzasanduka zofiira, kenako zidzasanduka mdima, mawanga wakuda amachokera kuzipsyinjo. Bowa amamva ngati nkhungu.
Maonekedwe a kapu ndi ofanana ndi a khungu; khungu ndi lofiira (patali nthawi zambiri bowa limakula, ndikumdima), zimakhala zovuta kukhudza.
Kuwombera kosautsika (Chitchainizi (Chosavuta Kumva)) ndi msinkhu amasintha mtundu wa kapu: mu bowa wachinyamata ndi wofiira, ndiye bulauni, mu bowa wambiri ndi wakuda. 
Maonekedwe a kapu amafanana ndi supuni.
Thupi liri loyera mu mtundu, limasanduka lofiira panthawi yopuma, kenako limasanduka lakuda. Zimasangalatsa ngati zipatso, zimakonda zokometsera.
Msogo umasintha mtundu wochokera ku zoyera kupita ku wakuda, kukoma kwake ndi kokoma.
Podgazdki makamaka chokoma mu maonekedwe a mchere.
Ryzhiki
Ryzhik (elovik, Lactarius) ndi imodzi mwa bofunika kwambiri, popeza ili ndi mavitamini A, B, C, amino acid ndi zinthu zina zopindulitsa, pali mitundu yambiri. Dzina lake liri loyenera ku mtundu wa lalanje.
Kapu yake imakula mpaka masentimita 18, mu bowa wachinyamatayo imakhala yoboola pakati ndi chitunda pakati. 
Pang'onopang'ono, zimatuluka ndipo zimatenga mawonekedwe a ndodo ndi m'mphepete mwa mphiri. Kuphulika kwa khungu kumasowa, kungakhale kokonzeka. Matenda achikulire akale amatha kudetsedwa. Ma mbalewo ali pansi pa kapu.
Mwendo imakula mu mawonekedwe a silinda yopanda ungwiro mkati, mtundu ndi wofanana ndi wa kapu. Kutalika kwake kumakula mpaka masentimita 7, mu girth - mpaka 2 cm.
Pulp lalanje, akadula mdima, kununkhira kwa zipatso, chokoma, madzi amadziwika kwambiri olemera a orange, omwe mwamsanga amawunduka.
Amakula pafupi ndi mapaini ndi spruce mu udzu kapena moss kuyambira m'mayezi mpaka m'mawa.
Huskies ndi chokoma, ngati amchere kapena asungunuka, ndi mankhwalawa mtundu wawo umakhala wobiriwira. Mukhozanso kudya yaiwisi. 
Kupalasa
Kupanga (tricholom, Tricholoma) muli mitundu yoposa 90 ya bowa, kuphatikizapo poizoni. Matsuko pazitsulo zingakhale zozungulira, zosalala kapena zofanana ndi mapepala. Zitha kukhala masentimita 10 mu kukula, kawirikawiri mpaka masentimita 15. Zolemba zikukula pansipa.
Pezani momwe iwo amawonekera ndipo ngati pali mzere wa poplar, mzere wofiira, mzere wofiira, mzere wofiira, mzere wobiriwira, mzere wa dziko, mzere wa chikasu.
Mtundu khungu likhoza kukhala lofiira, lofiirira, lobiriwira, imvi, ndi zina zotero, malingana ndi mitundu. Peel Zingakhale zowuma kapena zokhazikika.
Mwendo Zingakhale zoposa 10 cm kutalika ndi 2 cm mu girth; zikhoza kukhala zoyera kapena zofanana ndi kapu. Kukoma ndi fibrous.
Pulp Zingakhale zopanda pake, zoyaka, zowawa pang'ono, zopweteka. Ndi woonda kapena wandiweyani, woyera kapena wachikasu, odorless kapena wokoma. 
Ridovki ikukula paliponse - m'minda yamatabwa ndi nkhalango zam'madzi, m'mitsinje, pamphepete mwa nkhalango, poyera. Mitundu ina imasankha ndipo imakonda mitengo yambiri, makamaka - birch, kapena, - coniferous (pine). Sonkhanitsani ryadovki kuyambira pachiyambi cha chilimwe kufikira m'mawa.
Pophika, maguluwo samayamikika, chifukwa amamva zowawa kapena zopanda pake, koma amawotcha, amchere komanso amawotcha, kukoma kwawo kumakhala bwino.
Russula
Kuchokera pa mitundu 275 ya russula (Roussula) 60 amapezeka kumadera a Russia ku nkhalango zakuda komanso zam'madzi m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. Zonsezi zimasiyanasiyana ndi khungu, zomwe zingakhale zosiyana ndi zamkati.
Mapirawo ndi amwala, osasinthasintha, mitundu ina imasintha mtundu pamene ali ndi mpweya, kukoma kumakhala kofewa, kowawa kapena kowala. 
Zipewa bowa amatha kukhala ngati mpira, kenaka amawongoledwa, ataphimbidwa ndi mbale kuchokera pansi. Mimbayi imatha kufika masentimita asanu, nthawizina - 10 masentimita, 30 cm.
Miyendo kugwedeza kapena kukulitsa pansi, kungakhale kopanda kanthu, koyera kapena zofanana ndi kapu. Kutalika kwa mwendo kufika mpaka 8 masentimita.
Kuti achotse mkwiyo, russula ayenera kuyamba kuphika kapena kuthira. Pambuyo pake, iwo ali okazinga, amchere, ophika.
Bowa woopsa komanso wokhazikika
Bowa amatchedwa poizoni, omwe ali ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimachititsa kuti poizoni azidya zakudya, zimakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha kapena zimapangitsa imfa. 
Izi ndi bowa ngati awa:
- grebe wotumbululuka ndi poizoni kwambiri;
- fulani agaric;
- govorushka;
- ukonde wa kangaude;
- zojambula;
- mzere;
- chithunzi;
- lepiota;
- chisa chachinyengo;
- bowa wonyenga wabodza;
- bowa la satana;
- nkhumba zabwino ndi zina (pafupifupi 150 mitundu).
Zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndi bowa zomwe ziri ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa kapena zimayambitsa poizoni mu mawonekedwe osakonzekera, ndipo mutaphika ndikudya:
- mkaka wa mkaka kupatulapo panopo;
- Sambani;
- mtengo;
- Duboviki;
- whitefish;
- mokonda;
- mvula;
- Amanitas a imvi.
Nthawi zambiri amadya bowa, ma ngolo ndi walui.
Chirabe chapafupi
Chigiriki (Amanita phalloides) - bowa woopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kapu yake ingakhale ya masentimita 15 mu kukula kwake, ikhoza kukhala yozungulira kapena yowonongeka, khungu lake limakhala loyera, ndi lofiira. Снизу шляпка покрыта мягкими пластинками. Мякоть белая, толстая, пахнет приторно-сладко, запах слабый.
Msola ukhoza kukhala wamtali wa masentimita 16 mpaka 2.5 cm mu girth, uli ndi mawonekedwe a silinda, utoto wofiira kapena kapu, umakhala ndi mtundu wa wavy. Mphwa wam'munsi wapamwamba kuposa pamwamba, atakulungidwa mu "thumba" mu zoyera.
Amamera pa nthaka yachonde m'mapiri aatali kuyambira kumapeto kwa July mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, amasankha malo pafupi ndi mitengo yosalala, imafalikira bwino. 
Zizindikilo za kuledzera zimawoneka pamene anthu sakuwagwirizanitsa ndi poizoni wa bowa, pambuyo pa 6, zimachitika pambuyo pa maora 48. Tsiku lina, zizindikiro zimatha, koma kumwa mowa kumapitirira. Kulira kungathe mpaka masiku 4, ndiye chirichonse chimabwerera ndi mphamvu yatsopano.
Panthaŵi yomwe munthu akufuna thandizo lachipatala, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi impso zingakhale zosasinthika. Mukhoza kutenga poizoni ngakhale ndi bowa pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Zizindikiro zazikulu za kusiyana pakati pa bokosi lofiira ndi bowa zomwe zimapezeka ndi zoyera, kukhalapo kwa filimu pansi pa kapu ndi mphete, ndi mnofu wosaphika.
Wolf
Mimbulu imabwera mkati:
- Azungu (woyera, Lactárius pubéscens) - khungu ndilopaka loyera, pakatikati kapu ikhoza kukhala mdima.
- Pinki (volvyanitsa, rubella, volnyanka, msuzi, volminka, volzhanka, dyeing, volvenka, wave, Lactárius torminósus) - khungu ndilopaka mtundu wa pinki.
Kukula kwa kapu ndi 8-12 masentimita, mu bowa wachinyamata ndi phokoso lalitali; m'zakale zimapanga ndodo yaing'ono; m'mphepete mwa phokoso la pinki imatsitsa pansi. Pansi pa kapu muli ndi mbale.
Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera ndi phokoso lowala komanso kukoma kwake. Kupukuta koyera kumakhala ndi thupi lofooka, pinki alibe. Msuzi woyera, ngati mkaka, amamasulidwa ku zamkati pamene akuphwanyika.
Tsinde limakhala lachitali masentimita 6 mpaka masentimita 2 mu girth, ngati mawonekedwe a silinda, a mthunzi womwewo monga bonnet, wamphamvu, ndipo mu bowa wakale muli chopanda kanthu.
Fufuzani ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi birch mu August ndi September. Idyani iwo mu mchere wothira ndi mchere.
Valui
Chofunika kwambiri (nkhumba, Kubur, podtopolnik, ng'ombe, ng'ombe, tiller, plakun mushroom, cam, whitefish, Rússula foétens) imakula mu nkhalango zotchedwa coniferous and deciduous kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka m'ma autumn. 
Kapu ikhoza kufika kukula kwa masentimita 15. Khungu ndi lofiira kapena lachikasu, pambali pamphepete mwa grooves, zimakhala zosavuta kumbuyo kwa zamkati, zong'ambika. Mu bowa laling'ono, pamphepete mwa kapu mumalumikiza tsinde, ndikupanga mpira, kenaka m'mphepete mwawo mutuluke. M'munsimu muli mthunzi wokongola wa mbale.
Mnofu ndi wosalimba, wofiira, pamene umathyola mdima. Kukoma kwake kumakhala kowawa, kununkhiza ndiko kukumbukira batala.
Msola ukhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a silinda kapena mbiya, mpaka masentimita 12 mu msinkhu mpaka 3 masentimita mu girth, mtundu uli woyera ndi mdima wakuda. Mwa ukalamba, kusowa kanthu kumaonekera mkati.
Amadya mchere wamchere kapena amawotcha, koma choyamba chotsani ululu mwa kuwonjezera.
Skripitsa
Kujambula (kumverera, kumveka, kumalira, mkaka podskrebysh, Lactárius velléreus) nthawi zambiri limakula pafupi ndi birch, coniferous ndi mitengo yovuta m'chilimwe ndi oyambirira autumn. 
Zikuwoneka ngati supuni ya tsabola, koma mbale pansi pa kapu imakhala patali kwambiri.
Chipewa cha violin ndi chosasunthika, mu bowa wachinyama chimakhala chogwedezeka pang'ono, ndiye m'mphepete mwake amatha, ndipo pakati kumadutsa, kupanga mapepala. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wofiira, ndi ubweya mpaka kukhudza. Mbali ya kapu ikhoza kukhala masentimita 26. Mtundu wa kapu, zamkati, mbale ndi juzi zingadetse pang'ono.
Nyama imakhala yoyera, yotsekemera, yowopsya, ikaphwanyika kuchokera kumtundu wa madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri komanso kununkhiza kwake.
Msoza ukhoza kukhala wamtali masentimita 8 mpaka masentimita asanu muja, wofiira, wofiira.
Bowa awa amadya mchere pambuyo pautali wautali. 
Mawanga a mandimu m'dera la Saratov
Bowa zambiri mu dera la Saratov akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa m'malo awa:
- Mudzi wa Popovka wa dera la Saratov (volnushki, bowa wa mkaka, ma brooms).
- Mudzi Yagodnaya Polyana Tatishchevsky chigawo (chanterelles, bowa).
- Mudzi wa Alekseevka Baltaysky chigawo (brownberry, boletus, aspen mbalame, yophukira uchi agarics).
- Mudzi wa Ozerki, chigawo cha Petrovsky (boletus, boletus, bowa wamkaka, mbalame za aspen).
- The kuthetsa Ivanteevka, Krasnoarmeysky chigawo (boletus bowa, udzu wofiirira, mkaka bowa).
- Nkhalango ya Tignes-Zinhes Lake ya Engelsky District (bowa wa mkaka, bowa aspen).
- Mudzi wa Kamenka, chigawo cha Tatishchevsky (boleta).
- Malo okhala mumzinda wa Bazarny Karabulak, Bazarno-Karabulaksky District (podberezoviki).
- Mudzi wa Zvonaryovka wa Marksa District (bowa woyera, aspen, bowa wachikasu).
Mukudziwa? Palibe amene amadziwa kuti bowa anawoneka pa dziko lapansi, koma amadziwika kuti anakulira zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, pamene dinosaurs sanalipo pano.
Malangizo othandiza
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa bowa zowonjezera kuti musakhale ndi poizoni, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Dziŵani malamulo a kukotula bowa, mawanga a bowa, zithunzi za bowa woopsa, njira.
- Nyamuka molawirira. Nkhokwe zimawoneka bwino pamene dzuŵa silikuwuluka kuchokera ku udzu, ndipo mame omwe amawoneka pamapopu amadziyang'ana okha. Kuonjezerapo, kusowa kwa kutentha ndi osankha ena a bowa kuzungulira kungathandize kuti mukolole bwino. Patsikulo muyenera kudutsa m'nkhalango ndi msana wanu ku dzuwa.
- Zovala ndi nsapato ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka komanso zotetezeka - kuteteza ku zinyama, kuti zisasokoneze kayendedwe, kuti zisakanike, zisamadziwe. Nsapato za mabulosi zimateteza kuteteza njoka.
- Mu mapepala apulasitiki, bowa zimagwedezeka, zimagwedezeka ndikugwedezeka, choncho ndi bwino kutenga dengu limodzi ndi inu. Ikani bowa pansi.
- Kuti musataye, ndibwino kuti musapite ku nkhalango yachilendo popanda anthu omwe akuyang'ana pamenepo. Musaiwale kulipira foni musanapite, mukhoza kutenga kampasi ndi woyendetsa. Mu nkhalango, kumbukirani zolemba.
- Tengani madzi abwino ndi inu ndipo onetsetsani kuti muzimwa kuti kutaya madzi kwa madzi sikuchitika.
- Mukafika m'nkhalango, fufuzani ndodo yomwe mungathe kuigwiritsa ntchito, kuti musamawerama nthawi zonse.
- Kusakayikira pang'ono ponena za kuoneka kwa bowa ndi chifukwa chosiyira m'nkhalango. Zowopsa pazochitika zoterozo ndi chinthu chosayenerera, poizoni wa bowa ndi wovuta kwambiri.
- Kuti musadye pamodzi ndi bowa la mankhwala osiyanasiyana, musatengere zitsanzo zomwe zikukula pafupi ndi misewu, mafakitale ndi malo ena ochepetsera poizoni.
- Dulani bowa ndikumununkhiza: fungo losasangalatsa kwenikweni ndi chizindikiro cha bowa chakupha.
- Musasowetse bowa zovuta kuti muwone zambiri za iwo pa intaneti kunyumba. Zithunzi zosaoneka bwino ndi kuwala kwazomwe sizikuwonetsa mtundu wopangidwa.
- Pansi pa mapazi anu muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa, osati kungophonya bowa, komanso kuti musapunthwe, osati kugwa, kuti musayende pa njokayo.
- Nkhumba sizikula mosiyana, choncho yang'anani mozungulira, ngati mupeza, yang'anani zambiri.
- Ndizosatheka kuyesa bowa yaiwisi - ena mwawo ndi owopsa pa mawonekedwe awo, ndipo ophika amakhala opanda vuto.
- Musati muwononge bowa zomwe simudzatenga. Bowa woopsa amachitanso ntchito zina m'nthaka.
- Nkhumba sizimachotsedwa pansi, koma zimachotsedwa mosamala kuti zisasokoneze mycelium ndikuyambitsa zowola.
- Kwa bowa lamanga, onetsetsani kuti palibe "thumba" pansipa ndi "skirt" pansi pa kapu.
- Bowa amafunika kutsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kuphika mofulumira kuti asawonongeke.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa wakale amatha kukhala owopsa. Vutoli ndi lovunda komanso lopangika.
Zimandivuta kupeza munthu amene amakana kudya bowa. Ngati mwasankha kuti muzisonkhanitse nokha, funsani mutuwo poyamba.
Kotero, mu dera la Saratov mukhoza kukolola mbewu yayikulu ya bowa wokoma ndi wathanzi, koma muyenera kudziwa komwe, nthawi, ndi ziti muyenera kuyang'ana. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tisiyanitse bowa zomwe zimapezeka poizoni, chifukwa poizoni amatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati atachedwa kuti achitepo kanthu kuti apulumutse moyo.
Ndi bwino kubwerera kuchokera m'nkhalango popanda bowa, kusiyana ndi kuyesa anthu osadziŵa, chifukwa zitsanzo zambiri zimadziwika ngakhale anthu osankhidwa a bowa omwe akudziwa bwino.
