Zukini, ngakhale ndi chomera chosasangalatsa, koma kuti mukakolole bwino, mukufunikabe kusamala posankha tsamba, kukonza mbewu, komanso kuganizira masiku obzala. Popeza mwadziwa magawo akuluakulu a kulima kwa vwendeyi, ngakhale mlimi wa novice amatha kubzala ndikukula.
Kusankha malo oti mubzale, kukonza dothi ndi mabedi
Pokulima zukini, ndikofunikira kugawa malo abwino ndi owotcha ndi dzuwa, popeza chikhalidwecho ndiotentha komanso chowala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuzungulira kwa mbewu osakulira m'malo amodzi chaka chilichonse. Vwende yamtunduwu imakula bwino pazowonda zopepuka ndi ma chernozems osagwirizana ndi acid pH = 5.5-6.5. Kukonzekera dothi kubzala bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, dziko lapansi limakumbidwa mpaka 30 cm, ndipo limasiyidwa osaphwanyika. Kuti mutsetse dothi ndi michere, makilogalamu 6-10 a manyowa, humus kapena kompositi pokumbira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita imodzi. Kuphatikiza pazachilengedwe, feteleza wama mineral amathandizidwanso (50-70 g pa 1 m²).
Pokonzekera malo obzala zukini, manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati organic
Sipangokhala nthawi zonse kuti malo omwe ali patsamba lino amakwaniritsa zofunikira. Dothi losauka komanso acidic silili oyenera kukula zukini. Peaty, swampy and clayey, omwe amadziwika ndi chinyezi chachikulu, nawonso sioyenera. Ngati m'malo omwe mukuyenera kubzala chikhalidwecho, nthaka ndi acidic, malire ndi ofunika. Pazifukwa izi, 200-500 g la laimu pa 1 m² amawonjezeredwa. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa ndi laimu nthawi imodzi. Poterepa, ndibwino kuwonjezera organic mu April.
Mokulira, nthaka ikhoza kuthira manyowa mu nthawi yachaka, koma ndibwino kuwonjezera michere mu maenje obzala mu zotsatirazi:
- humus kapena kompositi 1-1,5 kg;
- phulusa 150-200 g.
Mu nthawi ya masika, totsegulira mabedi timakhala kuti tisungunuke, kenako 15-20 g ya ammonium sulfate pa 1 m² imapangidwa pansi pokumba mpaka 20 cm. Ngati dothi lomwe lili m'derali ndi lamchenga kapena mchenga, ndiye kuti zukini zitha kubzalidwe pamalo athyathyathya. Komabe, pamtanda wolimba ndi dothi, mbewu zimangoyima m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, mabedi amafunikira kuti apangidwe pafupifupi mita 1 ndikukulira mpaka 25 cm.
Chapakatikati, dothi limakumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa bayonet kwa fosholo ndipo 1520 g ya ammonium sulfate amawonjezeredwa pa mita imodzi
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu kuti mubzale
Kuti mbewu zimere mwachangu, ndipo mbande ndizabwino, zimayenera kukonzekera bwino.
Mayeso akumera
Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera utuchi wa nkhuni, womwe umakhuthulidwa kangapo ndi madzi otentha wokhala ndi theka la ola. Pambuyo pake, amatsanulira m'bokosi laling'ono. Mbewu zimayalidwa m'mizere pamwamba pa utuchi. Pakati pawo kusiya mtunda wa 1-1,5 masentimita, ndi pakati pa mizere - 2-3 cm. Kenako, zinthu zoyesedwa zobzala zimakonkhedwa ndi utuchi ndikukoloweka ndi manja anu. Bokosilo liyenera kukhala m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwa + 23-27˚С. Pambuyo zikamera, kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zamera kumawerengedwa. Kuti mupewe kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kumera, kumera ndibwino kuyala mbewu 10.
Poyesa kumera kwa mbewu, amazikulunga ndi yonyowa yopyapyala ndikuyika moto kuti zimere
Kumira ndi Kumera
Kuti zilowe pansi, muyenera chidebe ndi chidutswa cha gauze. Mbewu zimayanjananso bwino pamalopo ndipo zimakutidwa ndi wina pamwamba. Kenako amathiriridwa ndi madzi otentha osaposa + 35 ° C, pambuyo pake amaika chidebe'cho pamalo amdima. Pakukhathamira, muyenera kuwunika momwe madziwo akusinthira nthawi ndi nthawi kuti akhale atsopano. Kutentha sikungakhale osaposa maola 16 mpaka 20, omwe ndi okwanira kufewetsa chipolopolo ndikufinya mbewu.
Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa mtundu wake ukangosintha kuchoka pakawonekere kukhala woderapo.
Mbewu za Zukini zitha kunyowetsedwa osati m'madzi wamba, koma mwanjira zapadera zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa komanso kukulitsa lochuluka. Zakudya zamagetsi ndi zopukusa kukula ziyenera kuchepetsedwa m'madzi ofunda pa kutentha pafupifupi + 25 ° C. Pa kumera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwamaumwini awa:
- 1 lita imodzi ya madzi amasungunula 1 tsp. nitrofoski kapena nitroammofoski;
- kuchepetsa potaziyamu permanganate m'madzi ofunda kuti mupeze yankho la pinki, ndikuwonjezera theka la piritsi la zinthu zilizonse;
- 1 litre lamadzi kuchepetsa 1 tsp. ndalama Kristalin kapena Rost-1;
- 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l phulusa.
Kupititsa kumera mbeu, imanyowa m'mawu olimbikitsa.
Kumera kumachitika chimodzimodzi ndikunyowa: Mbewu zopyapyala zimayikidwa mchidebe ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi yankho la michere yambiri kotero kuti madziwo amangobisa minofu. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa kwa masiku 3-4 asanafike mphukira.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Zukini, monga chikhalidwe china chilichonse, ziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yoperekedwa kwa izi komanso malinga ndi mawonekedwe ena ake.
Nthawi yayitali
Mutha kuyamba kubzala nthaka ikayamba kufunda mpaka + 12˚˚. Ngati dothi silikutentha kwenikweni, ndiye kuti mbewu sizingamere, kuvunda ndi kufa. Pankhaniyi, dikirani nthawi zina. Mwambiri, kubzala ndi mbewu zophukira kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Ngati nyengo ilola kuti muchite izi kale, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu zouma.
Kutambalala
Kuti zucchini ipange malo ambiri. Chifukwa chake, mukabzala, ndibwino kuti muzitsatira dongosolo lotsatirali: pakati pa mizere 70 cm, pakati pa mbeu mu masentimita 50. Ngati mukuyang'ana zokumana nazo zamaluwa ena, zukini zitha kubzalidwa mosiyana pang'ono: Mbeu 4-5 zimayikidwa mu bowo limodzi, kusiyana kwa 30 kumapangidwa pakati pa mabowo mzere -40 masentimita, pakati pa mizere 70-100 masentimita. Mbewuzo zikamakula, malo okhuthala amapangidwa, omwe nthawi yachilimwe amatentha amalola chinyontho kukhalabe m'nthaka.
Kubzala zukini pamalo otseguka kumachitika mogwirizana ndi chiwembu, chomwe chimapereka mwayi wopezeka muzakudya komanso kuwala kwa mbewu
Momwe mungabzalire mbewu
Nthawi ikakwana, mbewu zakonzeka, mutha kuyamba kubzala, pomwe zimachita zotsatirazi:
- Amakumba maenje mu bedi 3-5 masentimita ndikuzama pa dothi lolemera komanso masentimita 5-7 pamiyala yamchenga.
Pansi pa zukini, kukumba mabowo akuya masentimita 3-5 ndikuchepera ndi madzi
- Kubzala maenje okhetsedwa ndi madzi a 1-1,5 malita.
- Madziwo atamwetsedwa, nthanga ziwiri ziwiri zimayikidwa paliponse, ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi ndikupukutira pang'ono.
Mukatha kuthira madzi, mbewu 2-3 zimayikidwa mu chitsime chilichonse, zowazidwa ndi lapansi ndikupepuka pang'ono
- Zabzidwa zimayalidwa ndi peat, humus kapena chabe nthaka youma.
Kusunga chinyezi komanso kupewa udzu, mabedi mutabzala njerezi amazika ndi dothi louma, humus, udzu, peat
Osanyalanyaza njira yolimayo monga mulching, chifukwa mutathilira kapena mpweya, kutumphuka kumakhala padziko lapansi, komwe kumalepheretsa mbewu kuti zisakhuthu.
Kanema: Kubzala mbewu zukini poyera
Momwe mungabzala zukini mu wowonjezera kutentha
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu za vwende zomwe zimafunsidwa zimamera poyera. Komabe, mu zobiriwira, zimaperekanso zokolola zabwino, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wotola zukini 30 kuchokera 1 m². Ngakhale pali njira yofananira yolima, kubzala m'nyumba kumakhala ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuzilingalira.
Njira yotentha
Mu wowonjezera kutentha kubzala zukini, muyenera kupanga kutentha kwambiri: masana + 23 ° C, usiku osachepera + 14 ° C. Nthaka iyeneranso kutentha bwino - + 20-25˚С.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Musanadzalemo zukini mumkhalidwe wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kusamalira feteleza. Kuti muchite izi, makilogalamu 10 a manyowa owola amapangira kukumba pa 1 m². Monga momwe ziliri panthaka, ndibwino kuti mukonzekeze nthaka mukugwa. Maminolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbewu. Pazifukwa izi, 30-40 g ya nitrophoska amawonjezeredwa kudzenje limodzi lokhazikika, ndikuphatikiza ndi nthaka.
Nthaka yomwe imakhala munkhokwe imaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zonse zachilengedwe komanso michere
Nthawi yayitali
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, zukini zitha kulimidwa pafupifupi chaka chonse, koma ndi bwino kuchedwetsa kubzala kumapeto kwa nthawi yachisanu kapena kuchiyambiyambi kwamasika, popeza nthawi yotuta ya malimwe imatha kusunga bwino kwa miyezi itatu. Poganizira zomwe alimi ambiri alimi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi yobzala mtundu uwu wa vwende mu malo otsekedwa zimatengera gawo lolimidwa:
- m'matawuni - Meyi 5-10;
- ku Siberia - Meyi 15-20;
- ku Krasnodar Territory - Epulo 10-15.
Kukula ndi kubzala mbande
Potseguka, mbewu za vwende zimatha kubzala pobzala mbewu ndi mbande mwachindunji. M'malo obiriwira, kulima mbande kumathandiza kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti mbande zizipezeka mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikamadzalidwa ndikuwonjezera kutentha zimachepetsa mwayi wa matenda. Pakubzala mbewu, nthaka imatha kutengedwa kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha ndikugula okonzeka mavwende. Kubzala akasinja kudzaza ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi ndikunyowa bwino. Mbewu zimakonzedwanso chimodzimodzi monga potseguka.
Pakukula mbande za zukini, zimabzalidwa mumiyala kapena makhaseti oyenera
M'nthaka panga kakang'ono ka 1.5 cm, ikani mbewu ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Kenako ikani chodzala ndi galasi kapena filimu. Kutuluka kwa mbande kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa m'masiku 3-5, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsimikizira boma lotentha la + 26-28 ° C. Gawo 3-4 la masamba awa, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa ndikumalowa. Njira yodzala mbande ndi yosavuta ndipo imatsata njira izi:
- Pamabedi wowonjezera kutentha kumapangitsa mabowo kukula kwa dongo.
Pamabedi wowonjezera kutentha kumapangitsa mabowo kukula kwa dongo
- Mbande zimachotsedwa muzibzalidwe ndikuyika mu dzenje lobzala mwa njira yodutsa.
Mukabzala mbande za zukini mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbewuzo zimachotsedwa mu thanki yobzala ndikuyika mu dzenje (mwachitsanzo, mbande za nkhaka)
- Finyani mbande ndi dothi ndi madzi.
Mutabzala mbande za zukini, mabedi amawumbika ndi kuthirira
Zukini wabzalidwa m'mizere mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mtunda pakati pa mbeu za 0,4-0.8 m, ndipo mzere kutalikirana kwa 0.8-1,5 m, kutengera mitundu yamtundu wina.
Momwe mungabzala zukini
Vwende yamtunduwu imatha kukhala wamkulu osati momwe zimakhalira kwa aliyense. Palinso zosankha zina zosalimira wamba zukini, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri m'malo ang'onoang'ono.
Mumatumba kapena m'mbale
Kukula zukini m'matumba si njira yovuta. Pazifukwa izi, matumba opangidwa ndi polypropylene kapena polyethylene okhala ndi voliyumu pafupifupi malita 120 ndi oyenera. Kompositi, utuchi, zotsalira zomwe zimayikidwa pansi, kenako nkuwaza ndi dothi. Mabowo angapo amapangidwa pansi pa thumba kuti asasowe madzi. Kubzala zukini kutulutsa zonse njere ndi mbande, kenako ndikutsirira. Ngati nyengo yozizira ikunenedweratu, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki, kale zidadula pansi. Ndi njira iyi yobzala, mbewu sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso kuyambitsa michere.
Pakukula zukini m'matumba, polypropylene kapena polyethylene zopangidwa pafupifupi 120 l zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
Momwemonso, zukini zitha kulimidwa mumabapu omwe ali ndi muyeso wa malita 150-200. Pakati pa thankiyo, papa wokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 30 ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono amaikidwapo momwe madziwo amathirira. Pansi pa mbiya mudaphimbidwa ndi konkodzi yopangira zotayira. Pambuyo pake anagona zigawo za humus, udzu, chisakanizo cha peat ndi utuchi, kenako dothi lomwe dzadzaliridwe njere zake.
Kubzala mbewu kapena mbande kumachitika mbali zonse ziwiri za chitolirochi.
Kanema: Kukula zukini mu mbiya
Pavalo
Zukini ikabzalidwe mu bokosi lamatabwa pafupifupi 1 mita, yodzitchinjiriza ndi zozungulira m'mphepete, zomwe zingapewe kuwola kwa mabatani. Kenako bokosilo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi zinyalala zazomera, nthambi zazing'ono, utuchi ndi manyowa. Njira zotsalazo ndizofanana ndi njira yapita.
Kukula zukini m'bokosi, ndikofunikira kudzaza nyumbayo ndi zotsalira zazomera, nthambi zazing'ono, utuchi ndi manyowa
M'mabedi
Njirayi ndi yoyenera bwino kulima zukini pa dongo, dongo kapena dothi la acid. Njira, kwenikweni, ndiyo kama yodzutsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, ikani bokosi lamatanda, kutalika kwake komwe kumangotengera zomwe mukufuna, ndipo m'lifupi saposa mamitala 0.7. Atakonza chimangocho, chimadzaza ndi manyowa pompopompo ndi manyowa, humus imawonjezeredwa pamlingo wa chidebe 1 pa 1.5 m pomanga. Bokosi lalikulu (pafupifupi 60%) limadzaza zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Nthaka ikakonzedwa, pangani mabowo akuya masentimita 20 okhala ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 80. Musanabzale mbewuzo, maenje amakhetsedwa ndi madzi ofunda. Mukayika njere, dothi limayikiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi kapena masamba, omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole ndikusunga chinyontho. Ndi njira iyi yokulira zukini, kukapanda kuleka ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira.
Pamabedi ofunda
Ukadaulo waulimi wamabedi ofunda ndi ofanana ndi kukula m'mabokosi. Kusiyana kwa njirayi ndikuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, ndipo mulingo wamabedi suyenera kukwezedwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Kuti akonzekere kutsatsa, amakumba ngalande yakuya masentimita 50 ndikuidzaza ndi makina oyiyikira, omwe avunda kwa nthawi yayitali (nthambi, zinyalala zamatabwa, udzu, mabango, etc.). Wosanjikiza aliyense umathiridwa ndi madzi, ndipo nthawi yanthawi amalipira kwambiri kuthirira kuposa mabedi wamba.
Zotsatira zake, kuyenera kutulutsidwa wosanjikiza wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40-45. Kompositi imatsanuliridwa pamwamba pake, yomwe imathiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa ndi nettle ndikuphimbidwa ndi lapansi. Pabedi lokonzekera mudabzala mbewu kapena mbande za zukini. Zotsatira zake kuti nthaka itenthe kwambiri m'nthaka, mbewuzo zitha kupezeka mwachangu kuposa njira zobzala wamba. Komabe, chifukwa chazovuta, njirayi siyabwino kwa mlimi aliyense.
Kupanga mabedi ofunda pansi pa zukini, amapangira bokosi lamatabwa, lomwe limadzaza ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, lophimbidwa ndi nthaka, kenako mbewu zobzalidwa
Pa manyowa osapsa
Mwanjira iyi, pobzala zukini, zinthu zowola bwino za organic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe nthawi yophukira zimasinthidwa kupita ku munda wamtsogolo. Denga la manyowa osakhwima limathiridwa ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15, ndipo mabowo amakhala omangika pang'ono kuti abzalidwe. Hafu imodzi yamadzi ofunda imathiridwa mu dzenje lirilonse, ndipo tsiku lotsatira, m'mawa, maukwati a masamba amabzalidwa pansi pamabotolo apulasitiki odulidwa. Popewa kuthamangitsa mbande, zisoti za mabotolo siziyenera kutulutsidwa. Mutabzala, dimba lonse, kupatula kuti libzale maenje, libatani, mwachitsanzo, ndi udzu. Kuthirira kumatha kukhala kwachikhalidwe kapena kukokana.
Kanema: zukini pamulu wa kompositi
Pansi pa kanema
Njira yodzala zukini pansi pa kanema wakuda ndiyabwino kwa alimi akum'mwera ndicholinga chothirira, komanso kumadera okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, mwachitsanzo, North-West. M'tsogolomu, zinyalala zambiri zamitengo (zomangira nkhuni, namsongole, ndi zina) zimatsanulidwa pa bedi lam'tsogolo kuchokera m'dzinja, pambuyo pake mulu wa zipolopolo zosankhidwa dzira umazidwamo ndi kuthira yankho la Fitosporin-M. Nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, mundawo wokutidwa ndi polyethylene.
Chapakatikati, mabowo amapangidwa modutsa mufilimu, mabowo amakhetsedwa ndi madzi ofunda (1 ndowa iliyonse). Pambuyo pochita ikamatera zukini. Ndi njirayi, chikhalidwe sichifunika kuthirira (ku North-West), kuvala pamwamba komanso kulimira.Mukakulitsa vwende yamtunduwu kumwera kwa dzikolo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera udzu kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa filimuyi.
Mukukula zukini pansi pa kanema, tikulimbikitsidwa kulinganiza kuthirira, ndipo kum'mwera kumwaza madzi owundikira ndi udzu (dzungu mu chithunzi)
Zomwe sizingabzalidwe pafupi ndi squash
Zikafika pakulima zukini, wamaluwa nthawi yomweyo amaganiza kuti malo ambiri ndiofunika chifukwa cha mbewuyi. Chifukwa chake, m'minda yaying'ono, kubzala palimodzi ndizolandilidwa kwambiri. Vwende lomwe limafunsidwa limafunikira malo ambiri, koma chitsamba chimamera mkati mwa chilimwe. Alimi omwe akudziwa bwino amadziwa kuti mzere wamasamba mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zina, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukhwima koyambirira. Ganizirani mbewu zoyandikana zomwe zitha kukhala pafupi ndi zukini:
- kuti musunge malo, mutha kudzala zukini pafupi ndi adyo kapena nthawi ya anyezi;
- vwende isanayambe kugwira ntchito, muthanso kukhala ndi nthawi yopanga katsabola, radish, letesi, parsley;
- pafupi ndi zukini, mutha kudzala nandolo kapena nyemba, zomwe zimakweza trellis ndipo sizidzakusokoneza kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu yomwe mukukambirana;
- moyandikana ndi masamba oyandikana ndi masamba omwe mungabzalire ma turnips, radishes, beets, anyezi;
- oyandikana nawo abwino ndi mbewu zazitali: chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa, zomwe zimakutetezani ndi mavwende ku mphepo;
- radish wakuda ndi mnansi wabwino kwambiri wa zukini, chifukwa umasokoneza masamba a kangaude ndi chosasinthika;
- Calendula ndi nasturtium zidzakhala zokongoletsa komanso zoteteza mabedi a squash.
Mukakonzekera malo obzala zukini, muyenera kuganizira za mbewu zoyandikana ndi (pachithunzichi, kabichi woyambirira ndi zukini)
Komabe, pali mbewu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe kutali ndi zukini:
- nkhaka zobzalidwa pafupi ndimakhumudwa;
- sayenera kubzala pafupi ndi sikwashi ndi dzungu, chifukwa chifukwa cha kupukutira mungu wosakanikira sikumakoma kwambiri.
Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kukonzekera koyambirira kwa malowo kuti mbewu zamunda zisasokonezane.
Zukini zitha kubzikika bwino poyera komanso pobiriwira. Potsirizira pake, mbewuyo ikhoza kupezeka kale. Ngati tsamba lanu lilibe kukula kokulirapo, mutha kusintha njira zosakhazikika pokhazikitsa mbewuyi ndikubzala pambuyo pake.
