Mutu wapachaka ndi chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chomwe chimapezeka m'mphepete mwa dziwe ndi madambo. Amasiyana m'maso owoneka bwino obiriwira komanso maluwa ozungulira, omwe adatchedwa dzina.
Kufotokozera
Chomera sichimangokhala ngati mitundu yokhayokha, komanso imakhala ndi banja lake lautuli. Zili pagulu la a monocotyledonous department of angiosperms. Pazonse, pali mitundu yopitilira 20 yomwe imakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'nkhalango. Kuthengo, mitengoyi imapezeka ku Caucasus, Europe, Turkey, North America ndi North Africa. Ndimamva bwino m'derali kuyambira nyengo yochepa kwambiri mpaka nyengo yotentha. Zitsanzo zopatula zimapezeka kumwera kwa Siberia.
Mizu ya manor ndi yooneka ngati ulusi, wophuka kwambiri. Zimayambira ndi udzu wochepa thupi, mpaka kutalika kwa 20-80 cm. Udzu wambiri wobiriwira bwino. Kutalika kwambiri kwa masamba ndi 2 m ndi kutalika kwa 3 mm mpaka 3 masentimita .. Masamba ndiwotalikirapo kuposa tsinde, amakhala owonda, nthawi zambiri amtundu kapena mawonekedwe a nthiti zofewa. Masamba apamwamba ndi ofupikirapo kuposa am'munsi. Pafupifupi gawo lonse la mbewuyo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapumira timapumira.
Maluwa ndi owoneka bwino kapena okhala ndi matupi amfupi, omwe amatengedwa m'mitundu ingapo yama inflorescence. Dawo la mpira woterowo pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi 1.5 masentimita, ndipo mbewuzo zikacha, zimafika masentimita 2.5. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi timinsalu tating'ono, tomwe timaziyerekeza ndi hedgehog.
Mitu yoboola ngati mpira imakhala pa tsinde mu mawonekedwe a mpangidwe wooneka ngati nthongo, nthawi zina nthambi za mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mpaka kutalika kwa 70 cm.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imakhala yodzaza kapena patali. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Zipatso za mbewu zimacha m'tulo ndikugona mokwanira. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, amakhala nthawi yayitali pamadzi (kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri), zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewuyo ifalikire. Popeza imamizidwa pansi, mbewu zimamera.
Zosiyanasiyana
Mtengo wamtundu wowongoka umakhala wowongoka kapena wamtali mpaka masentimita 50-150. Uli ndi mitundu iwiri mizu:
- zokwawa - njira zina zamakedzana zimachotsedwa kumbali kukafuna zakudya;
- chilili - konzani mbewuyo pamalo amodzi.
Masamba olimba samakhala pachimake, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi masamba a irises. Pa phesi limodzi pali zipatso zazing'ono zamkati (zidutswa 6-12 za kukula kwa mtola) ndi maluwa okulirapo pistillate (mpaka zidutswa 5).
Choyang'ana kumutu ndichosavuta. Osiyana ndi mawonekedwe ofewa a mphukira, amayandama momasuka pamtunda. Kutalika kwambiri kwa tsinde ndi 120 cm.
Jamu amapita osadziwika. Imasiyanasiyana mu mphukira zowongoka kwambiri, pomwe anthu atatu ndi 20 amaluwa amaluwa. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi masentimita 120.
Cowberry imasiyanasiyana muutali (mpaka 2 m) ndi masamba owonda (1-5 mm). Tsinde ndi lalifupi kwambiri kuposa masamba omwe ali ndi maluwa ochepa. Mwathunthu, mpaka 3 mitu yamphamvu ndi mitu ya pistil imalumikizidwa ndi mphukira pamiyendo yayifupi. Maluwa amapezeka kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka Julayi, ndipo mu Ogasiti zipatso zimacha.
Gooseberry wakumpoto masamba osiyanasiyana komanso yayitali. Mitsempha yama masamba wamba siyotchulidwa kwambiri ndipo imawoneka bwino m'munsi yachitatu. Masamba osalala ndi opindika, owala, osawala pang'ono. Zimayambira ndizoyandama komanso zowongoka, zazifupi kuposa masamba. Ma inflorescence osavuta amakhala ndi mitu ya amuna ndi akazi. Maluwa apamwamba amakhala mwamphamvu pachimake, ndipo otsika amaikidwa pambali. Maluwa achimuna amakhala omangika kwambiri achikazi.
Wadzaza hedgehog Tsinde lalifupi lokwanira 20-30 cm.Masamba atali ndi mbali yopingasa, 8-12 mm mulifupi. Mtundu wamfupi wa inflorescence 5-7 masentimita utali ndi 1-2 stamen ndi 3-5 pistillate maluwa. Maluwa amapezeka kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Ogasiti, zipatso zimacha mwezi umodzi.
Chovala cham'mutu chaching'ono kapena ochepa kutalika amafika 30-70 cm. Zimayandama zoyandama kapena zowongoka, zimakhala ndi ma 4 to 9 infode. Masamba ndi owonda, owoneka bwino padzuwa, kutalika kwa 15-30 masentimita ndi 0.3-1 masentimita.Chatunthira kufupikirako kumakhala ndi 2 stamen ndi maluwa 4 apistillate.
Kuswana
Ndikofunikira kufalitsa mutu wamatanda pogawa tchire. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi yamasika, chomera chazaka wazaka 3-5 zimakumbidwa ndikuzichotsa ndi manja ake ndikugawa. Aliyense wa iwo amizidwa munthaka madzi osefukira m'malo atsopano. Kuzama kotsika kuli mpaka 50 cm pansi pamadzi.
Pakulima mbewu, mbande zimapezeka mwachangu. Mbale zokhala ndi dothi zodzala ndi matope, njere zimayikidwa pansi mpaka masentimita awiri mpaka atatu. Masamba oyamba amawonekera patangotha miyezi 1-1,5 patatha kuphukira. Chakumapeto kwa mvula, machubu amamizidwa m'madzi otseguka kapena kuwaika malo okhazikika.
Kusamalira mutu
Mtengo wamtundu wapachaka umakonda madzi osayenda kapena ofooka, umatha kupezeka matupi a mchere wamchere pang'ono komanso pang'ono. Kuti mufikire malo, sankhani madera. Kusamalira, mmera ndi wodzichepetsa, kupatsira ndi kuthirira ndi feteleza. Masamba ake ofooka ofooka amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta mumphepo yamphamvu, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti apereke pogona. M'malo achilengedwe, mitengo yamingayi imayandikana ndi mbewu zolimba kwambiri za amphibian.
Mizu yachilengedwe imathandizira kukula kwa tchire, nthawi ndi nthawi, kubzala mbeu mosafunikira kuyenera kudulilidwa ndikumachotsedwa kuti gawo lisapezeke bwino.
Mukabzala m'madziwe owoneka, chisamaliro chikuyenera kutengedwa, popeza ma ma rhizomes ndiwokoma ndipo amatha kuwononga chivundikiro pansi pa dziwe.
Mtengowo suzizira kwambiri ndipo sufuna malo owonjezera m'nyengo yozizira. Chapakatikati, mphukira zouma zimadulidwa.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Mtengo wamutu umasiyanitsidwa ndi katundu wokongoletsa kwambiri. Mitundu yake yofewa yowala idzatsitsimutsanso gombe la malo achilengedwe ndi opangira zojambulajambula. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tapeworm kapena kuphatikiza ndi amphibians amphamvu ndi amdima. Chifukwa chofalikira mofulumira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi akulu okha, m'munda mwanu ndiyofunika kuyima pamalo ocheperako kapena oyandama.
Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsa, ilinso ndi cholinga, chifukwa mizu imalimbitsa dothi lapansi, ndipo mphukira zimathandizira kuyeretsa kwamadzi. Tchire limadziwika ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono, chifukwa chake, ndioyenera ngati chomera cha mafoni amadzi, komanso nutria ndi muskrats. Alimi a njuchi amayamikira izi zam'madzi monga prganos yabwino.
Mankhwala ozikidwa ndi ziphuphu
Zinthu zotsatirazi zidapezeka pakupanga masamba ndi masamba a mitengo yaminga:
- ascorbic acid;
- alkaloids;
- saponins;
- zoteteza.
Kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, mbewuyo imachiritsa moona. Malingaliro ochokera mmenemo amathandizira kukhazika mtima pansi ndikukhazikitsa loto. Zigawo zapadera zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa kuzungulira kwa dongosolo ndipo zimagwira ngati ma immunomodulators achilengedwe.
M'mankhwala wowerengeka, kapu ndi painkiller ndi vasoconstrictor. Imakhazikika ntchito yam'mimba komanso ziwalo zazimayi (zokhala ndi zowawa komanso zowumitsa pakamwa nthawi yayitali).
