Watermelon ndi chilimwe, mabulosi okoma omwe amasangalatsidwa ndi ana ndi akulu omwe. Masiku ano, amalimidwa osati pokhapokha, komanso pamtunda wowonjezera kutentha. Kupambana kwa mwambowu mwachindunji kumatengera zinthu monga kusankha koyenera komanso kukonzekera dothi ndi mbewu, komanso kubzala mitengo panthaka.
Kusankhidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa mavwende
Musanayambe kukulira mavwende m'malo otsekedwa, ndikofunikira kumanga malo oteteza, omwe ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Kukula kwa chiwembu komanso kapangidwe kamtsogolo zimangodalira zomwe amakonda ndi kuthekera kwa wosamalira mundawo. Popeza mavwende amafunika madera akuluakulu pakulima, kukula kwa zobiriwira kuyenera kukhala koyenera, osachepera 2 m mulifupi ndi 5 mita kutalika.
Padziko lonse lapansi pakufunika masamba obiriwira ambiri, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chikhalidwe
Kwa mavwende, komanso nkhaka, trellis ndiyofunikira. Mothandizidwa ndi kapangidwe kameneka, perekani mbewu zomesa. Pachifukwa ichi, malo obiriwira azikhala pafupifupi mamita awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bwino komanso kukula kwachikhalidwe. Potere, mbewu sizidzakumana ndi zoletsa zilizonse. Kuti musankhe kapangidwe ka kubzala komanso mavwende okulira, choyamba muyenera kuganizira za mawonekedwe a mapangidwe awa:
- A wowonjezera kutentha pansi pa kanema ndiye njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Zoyipa zake ndikuti sizinapangidwe kukhazikitsa magetsi owonjezera, chifukwa chomwe sichingatheke kuyendetsa kutentha mkati. Malo obiriwira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mavwende, koma kokha nyengo yotentha, ndiye kuti, mwina mu Meyi.
- Glass greenhouse. Ntchito yomanga imeneyi ndi yotopetsa, chifukwa chake, pomanga maziko amafunika. Nthawi yomweyo, ngati mumapanganso mtundu wamtunduwu, umadziwika ndi kudalirika komanso moyo wautali. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa dongosolo lotenthetsera.
- Malo obiriwira a polycarbonate amaonedwa kuti ndiosankha kwambiri. Chobwereza chokha ndi mtengo wa zinthuzo. Mapangidwe awa ndiosavuta kumanga, okhazikika, amakulolani kukhazikitsa Kutentha kowonjezera. Mutha kubzala mbande za chivwende mu Epulo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zopangira mavwende okhala mkati ndi nyumba yobiriwira ya polycarbonate
Komabe, kusankha kwazinthu zobiriwira komanso momwe zimapangidwira pambuyo pake sizokhazo zomwe zingasamalidwe. Nyumbayo iyeneranso kukhala yokonzekera kubzala, yopezeka ndi chilichonse chofunikira:
- Chipindacho chili ndi magetsi oyatsa. Monga zida zotere, gasi, mafuta olimba kapena boiler yamagetsi angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira yopangira uvuni ndiyotheka, koma kapangidwe kameneka kamabweretsa zovuta zina, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha nthawi zonse. Pankhani yophika, zikhala zofunikira kuyika mapaipi pansi pa madzi omwe atenthe pansi.
- Kuti mupeze mavwende masana masana nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi maola 10), magwero owunikira owonjezera mwanjira ya nyali za fluorescent adzafunika.
- Mavwende ndi mavwende ena amatha kugwira matenda a fungus. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika kochiza chimango ndi zinthu zauwisi ndi njira ya sulfate yamkuwa (100 g pa 10 l yamadzi).
Ngati kapangidwe ka zobiriwira sizatsopano, ndiye kuti musanadzalemo chivwende chimayang'ana kuti chiwonongeke, ndipo ngati mwapezeka, zakonzedwa zimachitika. Zowonadi ndi zakuti ma gour sazindikira kwenikweni kutentha kochepa ndipo mpweya wozizira ukalowa mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbewu zazing'ono zimangofa.
Kukonzekera zobiriwira zanyengo yatsopano kumaphatikizapo kutsuka ndikukonza ndi sulfure wamkuwa kapena zina
Kusankhidwa ndi kukonzekera dothi lamvwende
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kuti kulima kwa mavwende paliponse komanso malo obiriwira ndizoyenera dothi. Njira yabwino ikakhala kuyamba kukonzekera kuchokera kugwa. Nthaka imathiridwa manyowa ndikupanga manyowa owola pokumba (makilogalamu 20 pa mita imodzi), udzu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, manyowa obiriwira.
Zomera kapena ma siderate ndizomera zomwe zimabzalidwa m'nthaka kuti zitha kuphatikizidwa m'nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kapangidwe ka dothi, kumalemeretsa ndi kufufuza zinthu ndi nayitrogeni.
Kuphatikiza feteleza wachilengedwe, muyenera kuwonjezera mchenga wamtsinje (1 chidebe pa 1 m²), komanso zinthu monga mchere wa nitrophoska ndi superphosphate 10 g iliyonse, kutengera malo omwewo. Mwambiri, mavwende amafunika dothi lopepuka, lamchenga momwe madzi osasanjika samasiyidwa.
Vidiyo: Kukonza dothi lanyengo yatsopano
Mukamakonza dothi kuti vwende, musaiwale za chofunikira monga acidity. Kwa mavwende, ayenera kukhala m'mitundu yambiri ya pH 6-7. Mutha kudziwa izi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera kapena zingwe. Ngati chizindikirocho chikuchoka kwambiri pamalopo, ndiye kuti pakuwonjezereka ndikofunikira kuwonjezera, mwachitsanzo, laimu pamtunda wa 0,7 kg pa 1 m². Ngati dothi, m'malo mwake, ndi zamchere, ndiye kuti muwonjezere acidity ndi 1 ph, onjezerani 3 makilogalamu a manyowa kapena 9 kg wa kompositi pa 1 m².
Kusankha ndi kukonza kubzala
Mukamasankha mavwende osiyanasiyana kuti mulime wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kupatsidwa mitundu yomwe zipatso zazing'ono zimakhala. Udindo wofunikira pakusankha zodzala ndi zomwe dera limaberekera. Muyenera kugula mbewu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nyengo yanu.
Mukamasankha mitundu yamagawo yolimitsa m'nyumba, makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yayifupi yakucha
Poganizira za nyengo zamakhaka, mpofunika kudziwa kuti m'malo otsekedwa ndibwino kusankha mitundu yokhayo yomwe ingatsimikizire kuti zipatsozo zikukula. Mitundu yakucha yayitali ingakusiyeni opanda kalikonse. Mavwende oterewa amatha kubzala popanda kukhudzidwa kumadera akumwera okha. Pakati pa mitundu yakucha yakucha, zotsatirazi zingalimbikitsidwe: Spark, Sibiryak, Cinderella, Mphatso ku North F1, Krimstar F1, Kuwala kwa Siberian, Pink Champagne F1.
Kuphatikiza pakusankha mbewu, amafunikirabe kukonzekera bwino kuti mubzale. Choyamba, mbewu zimafunika kukanidwa. Chifukwa chaichi, zimathiridwa mumtsuko wamadzi ndipo mbewu zomwe zidawonongeka zimawonedwa ngati zosayenera kubzala. Kenako zinthu zobzala zimathandizidwa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 10, zomwe zimafunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisadwale.
Kuwonongeka kwa chomera chakubzala mu potaziyamu permanganate kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse mabakiteriya ndi ma fungus okhala panthaka ya mbewu
Iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbewu zaermoni zimadziwika ndi kumera bwino. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika kochitapo kanthu kuti tifulumizane kumera. Kupititsa kumera, mbewuzo zimaphimbidwa ndi kutentha kwa + 55 ° C kwa maola atatu kapena kuyikidwa pamalo owala kwa sabata limodzi. Monga kukonzekera, mbewu za chivwende zimadziwikanso m'madzi kutentha kwa firiji kwa tsiku. Mutha kuweruza kuti mbeu zakonzeka kumera ndi maonekedwe ake - ngati kutuphuka ndikuwoneka kukula kwake, ndi nthawi yoti zimere.
Kupititsa kumera, mbewu za mavwende zimaphikidwa m'madzi mu madzi kapena madzi
Mbeu zophukira zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati zili ndi thumba lonyowa kapena ndi chithandizo chisanachitike ndi zokupatsani mphamvu ndi feteleza (Zircon, Epin, Humic kukonzekera). Kenako mbewuzo zimatsukidwa m'madzi, ndikukulungidwa ndi chidebe chothira ndikuyika malo otentha, nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuyang'ana ndikumunyowetsa minofu ngati pakufunika, komanso kuyang'ana mbewu kuti zikuponyere. Kuphatikiza pa zochita zonse, njere zitha kuphimbidwa ndi kanema, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zitheke.
Kuti tumphukire msanga, umakutidwa ndi chidebe chonyowa ndikuyika malo otentha
Zambiri zodzala chivwende m'malo otsekedwa
Kukula chivwende m'malo obiriwira sichingakhale ntchito yovuta ngati mutabzala bwino ndikuwasamalira moyenera.
Zomwe sizingabzalidwe ndi mavwende pafupi
Ndi kukula kochepa kwa chiwembu komanso kulephera kukhazikitsa nyumba zingapo zobiriwira, pamakhala funso labwino - lingabzalidwe ndi mavwende? Choyamba, mutha kubzala mbewu ina ya vwende - vwende. Ndikotheka kukula mavwende ndi tomato, tsabola wa belu, biringanya.
Mavwende amkati amatha kubzala ndi biringanya, tomato, vwende, tsabola wa belu
Musamakulitse mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyontho. Chifukwa cha chinyezi komanso kukonzekera kwapamwamba, mavwende amadziwitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus.
Ngati titenga mwachitsanzo nkhaka zomwezo, ndiye kuti mbewu izi zimakonda chinyezi ndipo zimafunikira mpweya wabwino wowonjezera kutentha. Izi sizitanthauza kuti sizingabzalidwe ndi mavwende. Ndizotheka, koma kwa mabulosi okoma ndikofunikira kugawa malo ouma komanso opanda mphepo, ndi nkhaka kuti zitheke kuthirira komanso mpweya wabwino. Mpaka nthawi ifike mutabzala chivwende mu wowonjezera kutentha, mutha kubzala mbewu ya greenery kapena radish. Izi mbewu sizibweretsa vuto lililonse.
Vidiyo: Kudzala mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi tomato
Kubzala
Madzi ndi mbewu yokonda kutentha ndipo kuzizira sikovomerezeka ndikakula. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kuthamangira kuti mubzalire mu wowonjezera kutentha, osachepera mpaka palibe choopsa cha chisanu. Ngati mapangidwewo ali ndi gwero lotenthetsera, ndiye kuti simungawope kuzizira. Ponena za nthawi yofikira, ku zigawo zikuluzikulu zitha kuyambitsidwa sabata lachiwiri la Meyi, kumadera akumwera - chakumapeto kwa mwezi. Kummwera, kuyika kwachikhalidwe kungachitike kumapeto kwa Epulo.
Madeti omwe akuwonetsedwa ali pafupifupi, momwe nyengo ingasinthire chaka ndi chaka. Ngati kasupe adayamba kukhala wokhazikika, masiku obzala amawonjezedwa ndi sabata, pomwe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, m'malo mwake, amachepetsedwa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti asanabzala mavwende, dothi liyenera kutentha mpaka 14 ° C. Kupanda kutero, mbewuzo sizingaphuke kapena kuti kumera kwake kuzichepetse.
Kutambalala
Mutha kubzala mavwende m'njira zingapo, koma njira yabwino ndi imodzi. Kuti muchite izi, chisa chimathiridwa pamabedi 90 cm mulifupi ndi 20 cm (50 cm mulifupi ndi 20 cm). Mukabzala mbeu mzere pakati pa zitsime, kutalikirana masentimita 40-50. Njira yodzala iyi ndioyenereradi nyumba yaying'ono.
Njira yodzala ndi chingwe chimodzi ngati mavwende ingakhale njira yabwino yobwezeretsera nyumba pang'ono
Ndikabzala mizere iwiri, mbewuzo zimadzalidwa poyang'aniridwa, pomwe mizere iwiri imapangidwa motalikirana 50 cm kuchokera wina ndi mzake 70 cm pakati pa mbewu zomwe.
M'malo otsekedwa, mavwende nthawi zambiri amabzala m'njira ziwiri
M'malo otsekedwa, mavwende nthawi zambiri amabzala molingana ndi mizere iwiri.
Momwe mungabzalire mbande za mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kubzala mbande kumayambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yotentha, yomwe imadalira mwachindunji kuderalo. Masana, cholembera kutentha sikuyenera kugwera pansi + 25 ° C, usiku - pansipa + 5 ° C. Kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka yakuwunda mwachangu, mabedi amatha kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu yakuda. Tsiku lotsatila mutha kupitiliza kunyamula. Pansi pa mbewu pangani mabowo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amawathira ndi madzi ofunda, otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa.
Mbewu zamadzi zimabzalidwa munyengo yobiriwira nyengo ikadzayamba kutentha
Zomera ziwiri zimayikidwa mu bowo limodzi, nyemba imodzi yopendekera 1 cm pamwamba pamtunda, zomwe zimalepheretsa mbewu kuwola. Mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala mu thanki yobzala, kupewa kuwononga mizu ndi zimayambira. Kubzala ndikwabwino ngati mavwende adakula m'mapoto a peat. Pamene tchire limakula, zopondera zimawongoleredwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kanema: Kubzala mbande za mavwende m'malo otsekedwa
Kusamalira Madzi a Greenhouse
Madzi ndi amodzi mwa mbewu zokuluka, motero iyenera kumangirizidwa ndi nyumba yobiriwira. Tsinde la chivwende, mosiyana ndi nkhaka, silingathe kumamatira payokha chingwecho. Potere, muyenera kuyang'ananso mabedi tsiku lililonse ndikuwonetsa mphukira za mbewu pamene zikukula kuzungulira trellis. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira kuti mu chivalo chotsekedwa pansi chikapangidwa, ngati lamulo, mu tsinde limodzi, i.e. zipatso zimamangiriridwa pa mphukira yayikulu, ndipo njira zamtsogolo zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Palibenso zipatso zinayi zomwe zatsalira pakubzala kwakukulu, zomwe zimatengera dera lomwe likukula ndi mitundu yamamadzi. Tsinani tsinde lalikulu, pomwe masamba asanu amabwerera zipatso zakumtunda.
M'malo otsekedwa, mavwende amapangidwa kukhala tsinde limodzi, i.e. zipatso zikangopangika pakubowola kwakukulu
Madzi amalima patatha masiku 60 mutabzala m'nthaka. Choyamba, maluwa amphongo amawonekera, kenako maluwa achikazi. Chimodzi mwamagawo ofunikira nthawi imeneyi ndi njira yopukutira mungu, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitika pamanja. Kuti achite izi, amang'amba maluwa amphongo ndikuwatsamira pachikazi. Zotsirizazo poyamba zimakhala ndi chipatso chaching'ono. Ndi kupukutira bwino, thumba losunga mazira limayamba kukula mwachangu, apo ayi maluwa atambalala.
Zipatsozo zikafika kukula ndi maula, masamba 7 amasiyira aliyense wa iwo ndikuphwanya korona wa zimayambira. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mavwende mpaka kukula kwa apulo yaying'ono, amaikidwa m'matumba am'manja ndikumangirizidwa ndi trellis. Ngati zipatsozo sizimamangidwa munthawi yake, zimangothothola zingwe zomangira zawo. Popeza kutuluka kwamphukira zatsopano kukuchedwetsa kucha, njirazi zimatulutsidwa nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa ukhondo mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Popewa kuwononga zotsekemera za mavwende, zipatsozo ziyenera kuikidwa m'matumba amiyala ndikumangirizidwa ndi trellis
Ngakhale malingaliro omwe alipo pakati pa wamaluwa kuti mavwende amakonda kuthirira, chikhalidwechi sichigwirizana ndi chilala. Izi zikusonyeza kuti muyenera kuthirira nthaka mosamala kwambiri. Kwambiri, mbewuyo imafunikira chinyezi isanafike nthawi ya maluwa, nthawi yopanga komanso kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira. Madzi gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, kuthera mpaka malita 7 pa tchire limodzi.
Kutsirira kumayimitsidwa pomwe zipatso zimafikira kukula zomwe zimakhala zamipikisano.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, chidwi chimalipira kuvala pamwamba. Pokonzekera yankho la michere, sakanizani 1 tbsp. l azofoski ndi superphosphate, komanso 1 tsp. potaziyamu sulfate ndi kuchepetsedwa m'madzi 10, kenako feteleza umathiridwa muzu woyendera mbewu, mutanyowetsa nthaka. Nthawi yonse yokukula, zovala zapamwamba za 4 zimachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, amasamalira kawirikawiri mawonekedwe ndi momwe mbewu zimakhalira, kuti ngati zingachitike kuti tizirombo tating'onoting'ono kapena kakulidwe ka matenda, nkotheka kuyankha m'nthawi yake.
Kanema: chisamaliro ndikupanga mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha
Popeza mavwende ndichikhalidwe chakumwera, sikuti mlimi aliyense wapakatikati kapena oyambira kumpoto asankha kudzabzala pamalo ake. Komabe, ngati pali wowonjezera kutentha, sizovuta kuchita izi. Chachikulu ndikukonzekera bwino chophimba ndi mbewu, ndikutsikira m'nthawi yake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuwasamalirani bwino.
