Ogulitsa nkhumba ambiri amalota kuti ali ndi nkhumba pamunda wawo kuti, mosamala kwambiri komanso ndalama zoyamwitsa, adzakhala ndi nyama yophika komanso kuwonjezereka. Ndipo nkhumba zoterozo zilipo. Karmaly ali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri mu nkhumba zopangira nkhumba. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za zokolola ndi maonekedwe a zinyama, za momwe zimakhalira ndi njira zoberekera ana.
Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za mtunduwu
Karmalyas ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana ndi zokolola zabwino, choncho zimakonda kwambiri pakati pa oweta nkhumba.
Maonekedwe
Mtsinje pakati pa nkhono ya nkhumba ya Korea ndi Vietnamese vislobrew anapatsa dziko mwayi wakuwona mitundu yatsopano ya nkhumba, zomwe zimatchedwa karmaly. Mu maonekedwe, amafanana ndi nkhumba zakutchire, zomwe sizitalika, koma tsitsi lopota. Kupeza nkhumba zoterezo zimachepetsa khalidwe. 
Zosiyana za karmales ndizitsamba zazing'ono komanso zophweka, makutu amfupi, miyendo yochepa yamphongo, tsitsi lalifupi, lalifupi ndi lopindika kwambiri, gawo lopangidwa bwino, chifuwa chachikulu ndi nsana, ndi chimbudzi chokhazikika.
Mukudziwa? Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti nkhumba yoyamba inali ku China. Ndipo izo zinachitika kale mu Zakachikwi zachisanu ndi chitatu BC.
Mtundu wa nkhumbawu umalekerera mosavuta kutentha kulikonse. M'mazira ozizira, amatetezedwa ndi mafuta osanjikiza, ndipo pamasiku otentha, nkhumba zimayenda mozungulira popanda mavuto pansi pano. Nkhumba zimafika mosavuta kukula kwakukulu mu nthawi yochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubereka nkhumba kukhale kotheka kwambiri. 
Kukonzekera
Makhalidwe abwino a karmales amadziwika ndi zosangalatsa zodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Mtundu uwu wa nkhumba uli ndi nyama yambiri yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Ngakhalenso nkhumba ikadyetsa mafuta ambiri, imadula mosavuta.
Dzidziwenso ndi maonekedwe a nkhumba: nyemba zoyera, Duroc, Mirgorodskaya, lamba wofiira, Vietnamese vislobryusha.
Abambo amazindikira kuwala kosavuta kwa mafupa a karmala, omwe amawathandiza kuti apite ku 85 peresenti ya phindu lopindulitsa. Nkhumba zimaphedwa patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka kudya. Nthawi yotereyi ndi yofunikira kuti matumbawa akhale olemera kwambiri (pafupifupi 200-220 kg). Ngati nkhumbazo zimakhala patali pang'ono, zikhoza kuwononga kukoma kwa nyama. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti amuna nthawi zonse amakhala aakulu kuposa akazi. 
Zotsatira za mtundu wa nkhumba zimadalira kukula kwa feteleza. Karmala yaikazi imatha kubereka nkhumba 50 pa chaka, chomwe ndi chisonyezero chachikulu pa kubereka nkhumba. Komanso, mkazi amatha kudyetsa yekha nkhuku zake ndi mkaka. Panthawi imodzi, mkaziyo ali m'thumba amakhala ndi nkhumba zazing'ono 20, zomwe zimabadwa ndi kukula kwakukulu (zomwe zimawoneka ngati nkhumba za ku Korea ya milungu itatu).
Kukolola kwakukulu kumatchulidwanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa kulemera. Pasanathe chaka, nkhumba imakhala yolemera kwambiri, ndipo patatha theka la chaka, kulemera kwake kukuwirikiza. Kuwonjezera apo, karmala amaonedwa ngati nkhumba za nyama, zomwe ziri ndi mafuta ochepa, zomwe zimapatsa nyama ya nkhumba makhalidwe ena oonda. 
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtunduwu
Ubwino wa mtundu uwu wa nkhumba ndi mtendere wawo wapadera. Karmaly sangafufuze pansi pa mipanda kapena kukumba mabowo pansi. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhumba za karmal zimayamba kugonana pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo zakonzeka kubereka, pamene mitundu ina ya nkhumba zakubadwa zimangobereka.
Chinthu chimodzi mwa ubwino wa nkhumbazi ndizo mphamvu zawo zowonjezera, zomwe zimatha kukumba pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya, ndipo izi zimakhudza mwachindunji nthawi yowonjezera kulemera. Kupindula kwakukulu kwa chisanu ndi ubwino wina wa karmales. Ngati mutasiya nkhumba zing'onozing'ono mumsewu pa tsiku la chisanu, amatha kuyenda mwamtendere, sipadzakhala zovuta. 
Zing'onoting'ono zili ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri ali wamng'ono. Nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zimatha kujambulidwa mu motley, imvi, zakuda, zofiirira kapena zofiira. Kuwonjezera apo, ana a Karmalov ali ndi mabungwe omwe ali kumbuyo, omwe amatha ndi zaka. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya nkhumba, Karmala ali ndi mafuta osachepera okwanira. Chomwecho, alimi sayenera kuopa mavuto ndi zinyama zopitirira.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yaying'ono, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhumba, simukuyenera kuyipitsa "Suiferrovit" monga katemera.
Panalibe zoperewera mu nkhumbazo. Chombo chokhacho chimakhala mwazokha. Nthawi zina, mwiniwake akafika kumalo awo, nkhumba zimatha kufalitsa, koma izi sizing'ono. Kawirikawiri karmala ndi imodzi mwa nyama zomwe zimakonda kwambiri nkhumba pakati pa alimi, komanso chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo labwino komanso kudzichepetsa kwa chakudya ndi moyo. 
Momwe mungasankhire nkhumba zathanzi pakugula
Kugula nkhumba zing'onozing'ono ndi ntchito yodalirika. Ngakhale Karmalah ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha thanzi labwino kwambiri, chiopsezo chopeza minofu yosafunikira imakhalabe. Kuti mugule nkhumba yathanzi, samverani mchira wake. Ziyenera kukhala za ubweya ndipo zisamamatire thupi. Komanso, mchira wa chonyowa ukhoza kusonyeza kuti pali matenda mu karmala. Kuti musasokoneze mtundu wa nkhumba ndikugula nyama yomwe mukufunikira, yang'anani chithunzi cha karmala, komanso phunzirani makhalidwe onse a mtundu uwu wa nkhumba. 
Mukagula nyama yaing'ono muyenera kumvetsera bwino kupuma kwake. Matumbo sayenera kuphulika, chifukwa kuphulika kumawonetsa matenda a m'mapapu, omwe nkhumba yatsopano yatsopano siidzakhala ndi moyo kwautali. Kumbukirani kuti mtundu uwu wa nkhumba uli ndi ubweya wambiri, ngakhale mwezi umodzi, choncho ngati mumapatsidwa kugula nkhumba kapena nkhanu, musakane.
Ngwewe ya nkhumba ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti imere munda.
Mitengo ya nkhumba ndi mitundu yochepa ya mafuta, koma ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa mafuta ocheperapo, mutengere nkhumba zowona komanso zowomba. Chizindikiro ichi chidzatsimikiziranso kuti ukadzakula nkhumba idzakhala yabwino, ngakhale kuti idzakhala yochepetsetsa, koma yochuluka kwambiri.
Zomwe amangidwa
Mtundu uwu wa nkhumba sizimafuna chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo izi ndi zosiyana ndi nkhumba zina zambiri. Pofuna kusamalira karmals, ndi kofunika kuti muteteze gawo lina (kuti muzitcha aviary). Mutha kuchotsa kunja kwa galasi, popeza nkhumba zoterozo sizingasweke chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mtendere wa m'maganizo. Ndi bwino kumanga aviary pa malo komwe kuli udzu wambiri. 
Ndikofunika kuteteza nkhumba kuti zisamangidwe, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimadwala. Choncho, ndi zofunika kukonzekera malo awo okhala pa malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho. Ndibwino kuti musamapange mipanda yamatabwa, chifukwa karmaly amakhala ngati kutsogolo kutsogolo kwa khola, ndipo izi zingawonongeke kumtunda kwa mpanda.
Piglet Care
Kusamalira matumba sikukutenga nthawi yochuluka. Nkhumba zimakhala zosasinthasintha ndipo samayankha matenda ambiri, siziyenera katemera. Komabe, chithandizo chosachiritsika chikuchitidwabe. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhumba zimayenera kumanga tangi yosamba, kumene muyenera kuwonjezera ku Lube, zomwe zingapulumutse achinyamata ku matenda ambiri.
Pezani chifukwa chake mukusowa nkhumba.
Momwe mungadyetse nkhumba
Nkhumba za Karmalah sizimafuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma ndi kudya moyenera komanso koyenera, mukhoza kulitsa nyama yomwe idzakhale ndi nyama yonyeketsa ndi yowona bwino. Zakudya zamtundu wa nkhumbazi zimakhala ndi mbewu zosiyana siyana komanso zitsamba zatsopano, malinga ndi momwe mumasinthira ndondomeko ya zakudya, nyama "pamtundu" idzakhala yosiyana kwambiri. 
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zikhoza kuphunzitsidwa pofufuza mankhwala.
Ngati chakudya cha nkhumbachi chimakhala ndi masamba ndi tirigu, ndiye nyama ikhoza kukhala yoipa (kapena ayi, mwina sangakhalepo). Kuonjezera kutaya phala kuzinthu za nsomba kungapangitse kuti nyama ya nkhumba izipatsa kukoma kwa nsomba nyama. Mafuta a soya, soya, chakudya cha nsomba ndi zakudya zina zotsika kwambiri zimachepetsa kwambiri kukoma kwa nyama. Koma mkaka udzawathandiza kuti nyama zam'madzi zizikhala zokoma komanso zokoma.
Nthawi zina kumatha kudyetsa nkhumbazo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya sizingatheke, pamakhala ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Koma ngati nkhumba zotere zimadyetsedwa pokhapokha ndi zakudya zosakaniza, ubwino wa nyama udzagwa kwambiri. Mtengo wochuluka wa chakudya pa karmala tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 70%, zina zonse zimapangidwa ndi zochokera ku zomera ndi zinyama: zitsamba zatsopano, zakudya za mkaka, mbewu zambewu. 
Asanayambe chisanu, nkhumba zimafunika kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi mchere wothirira zakudya. Koma choyamba, ndibwino kuti muyankhule ndi wodwala wamatenda wodziŵa zambiri yemwe angapereke mlingo wa mankhwala ndi nthawi yake.
Ana obereka
Karmals ndi mtundu wa nkhumba zomwe zili ndi fecundity. Malingana ndi kufotokoza kwa obereketsa nkhumba, nkhumbazi, zomwe zili kale pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, zimatha kukwatirana ndi farrow. Komanso, patatha masiku makumi atatu akuyamwitsa, mkazi akhoza kukwatiranso. 
Mkazi, yemwe amabereka mwana, kenako amawadyetsa, safuna thandizo lililonse. Karmaly amasamala nkhumba, zokhoza kupanga nkhumba zazikulu ndi zathanzi kuchokera ku ziweto zazing'ono. Chofunika chokha: muyenera kumanga chipinda chaching'ono m'magalimoto, komwe nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zidzakhalapo nthawi yoyamba.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha ma chromosomes a X m'karyotype ya karmales, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhumba zambiri.
Sabata yoyamba itatha kubadwa, makanda a Karmales amapeza zakudya zonse zofunikira kuchokera mkaka wa amayi awo. Sabata yotsatira, nkhumba zikhoza kupatsidwa udzu watsopano monga chakudya, ndipo pa tsiku 14 chakudya chilichonse chikhoza kuwonekera pa zakudya zawo. M'masabata oyambirira a moyo wa karmal ang'onoang'ono, mtundu wabwino wa chakudya chawo udzakhala makaroti, beets, kapena maungu. 
Nkhumba zikafika masiku makumi awiri, zindikirani zakudya zawo mofanana: zakudya zofiira (70%), masamba ophika kapena owiritsa (20%), fupa (nsomba) kapena mafupa ofewa (5%), ufa wa nyemba (5%) .
Malinga ndi zomwe tatchulazo, mutha kuganizira zokhudzana ndi zabwino ndi zolakwika zomwe zili m'kati mwa zida zam'madzi. Ogulitsa nkhumba ambiri amakonda kuthana ndi karmalae chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chisamaliro ndi kukoma kwa nyama, zomwe zimaika mtundu wa nkhumba pamwamba pa mndandanda wa wotchuka kwambiri.
