Mmodzi wa okondedwa kwambiri maluwa a wamaluwa ndi florists ali munda ranunculus kapena monga amatchedwa buttercup Zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanasiyana, choncho imakulolani kuti muyambe kuganiza zojambula.
Mitundu ya munda ranunculus
Zonse mitundu ya buttercups Chikhalidwechi chikhoza kugawa m'magulu awiri:
- wokhotakhota kapena African maluwa ake omwe amawoneka ngati peony;
- Persian zomwe zimafanana ndi maluwa a duwa.
Mukudziwa? Ranunkulyus imatchedwanso "Asia Buttercup" chifukwa idabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Asia Minor. M'zaka za m'ma 1600 kuchokera ku Turkey, adafika ku England, kumene adadzutsa chidwi chake. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, kutchuka kwake kunatsika, koma masiku ano zomera zimapereka chidwi kuchokera kwa wamaluwa. Mphepete mwa maluwa 8-10 masentimita awiri ndi tsinde 15-50 masentimita wamtali amatha kuimirira m'madzi kwa milungu iwiri.
Mitsuko ndi mabotolo
Chomeracho ndi cha banja la buttercups, Choncho, ili ndi maonekedwe, morphological ndi agrotechnical makhalidwe a kulima khalidwe la banja lino.
Nthawi yabwino yofika pakhomo
Ngati tubers idabzalidwa kupyolera mu mbande, ndiye ziyenera kuikidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo ngati mukufuna kukalima nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa May. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mababu a mbewuyo, komanso mbande zimabzalidwa pokhapokha ngati pangozi yadzidzidzi imatha. Kawirikawiri, funsoli, "Momwe mungabzalitsire ranunculus?" Lili ndi njira yowonjezera ngati mudziwa malamulo oyambirira a ndondomekoyi.
Momwe mungasankhire malo oti mufike
Zomera zimakula bwino mumthunzi, ngakhale zimakhala bwino mu dzuwa. Koma mumthunzi wamdima, maluwa amakula, amakula ndipo samatha nthawi yaitali, ndipo ndikofunikira kupeza malo omwe sipadzakhala mphepo yamphamvu nthawi zonse, koma kudzakhala kutentha kokwanira.
Kodi kukonzekera tubers
Pofuna kukonzekera kuti mbeu ikhale yobzala, imayikidwa maola angapo kumalo ozizira. Izi zikhoza kukhala moss, wetdust sawdust kapena siponji, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi madzi kapena yankho la potassium permanganate. Nthawi zina Kuti nyengo ikule bwino, kukula kwapadera kukuthandizira. Ena wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kukulitsa tubers ndi chiguduli chowombera mu Appin yankho. Pankhaniyi, iwo amasungidwa mu dziko lino osapitirira maora asanu ndi limodzi. Panthawiyi, amatha kupeza chinyezi chokwanira, popanda kukopa madzi ena, chifukwa mizu imayamba kuvunda nthawi.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nthaka?
Chomera chikukula bwino mu nthaka, yopanda ndale, yachonde. Izi zikhoza kukhala dothi lakuda ndi humus kapena mchenga, kapena peat ndi choko kuti asokoneze kwambiri acidity. N'zosatheka kudzala tizilomboti mu loam. Nkofunika kuti dziko lisasunge chinyezi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo imalitenga bwino pa ulimi wothirira. Choncho, m'pofunikira kusankha nthaka yomwe yatsekedwa, yotentha ndi yolemera mu humus ndi nthawi ya sing'anga zomwe zimachitika pH 5-8. Madzi a pansi pansi ayenera kukhala mamita limodzi ndi hafu.
Musaiwale za ngalande, mwinamwake mizu idzavunda. Pansi pa dzenje muyenera kutsanulira mchenga. Nthaka yokha ikufunikanso kukonzekera. Asanabzala, amachimba ndi kompositi komanso yankho la foundationol.
Ndondomeko ndi kuya kwake
Kubzala buttercups ndi tubers ali ndi makhalidwe ake omwe. Kotero, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Chomera sichimaloleza kusintha, kotero malo ayenera kusankhidwa pasadakhale, atayesa zonse bwino. Kudzala tubers, kuti azikumba dzenje ndi kuika pa kuya kwa masentimita 5-8. Pakati pawo pakhale mtunda wa masentimita 10 mpaka 15, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba ndikugona ndi mchenga kapena nthaka yosakhwima. Ngati pali mwayi wa chisanu, ndiye m'malo mwa mchenga mungagwiritse ntchito udzu kapena zophimba. Poyamba kuthirira kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuti asawononge mizu. Kawirikawiri, peduncles yoyamba imaoneka miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, nthawi yomwe ranunculus ili pachimake ndi pafupi pakati pa chilimwe.
Kusamalira bwino ndikofunika kwa maluwa a ranunculus.
Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, pa khumi omwe amagulidwapo tubercups, 6-7 okha ndi mizu, ndipo theka la iwo limatuluka maluwa. Vuto ndilo Ziphuphu zimatuluka msanga kwambiri, zimataya chinyezi, ndipo zimayambanso kuopsa kwa masabata angapo oyambirira. Choncho, kuti muonjezere mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yobzala buttercups komanso momwe mungasamalire pakukula.
Mukudziwa? Kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, Ranunculus amatanthauza "chule", ndipo adalandira dzina lotereli kuti mitundu ina ya zamoyozo zimakhala kuti zikhazikike m'nyanja. Ku Italy, chomeracho chimatchedwa "zibokosi zagolide," ndipo ena amatsutsa nthano za momwe Yesu anasinthira nyenyezi zing'onozing'ono maluwa ndi kuzipereka kwa mayi ake ngati chizindikiro cha chikondi. Anthu osadziwika ndi ulimi amalitcha buttercups miniprops kapena akatswiri. Masiku ano, akatswiri ali ndi mitundu yoposa 600 ya zomera.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthaka
Ranunkulyus amafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, koma pang'ono. Monga tanenera kale, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa kuvunda kwa mizu. Kunja, vutoli limatsimikiziridwa mwa kusiya masamba ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu pamasamba. Kulimbana ndi vuto ili ndi losavuta. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuchotsa mizu yoonongeka ndikumasula nthaka yozungulira mbewu.
Dyetsani buttercups ayenera kukhala kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pa izi, feteleza za potashi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wa 40 g pa mita imodzi ya dothi. Pa kubzala ndi nthawi ya maluwa, ndi bwino kuwonjezera phulusa, potaziyamu sulfate kapena potaziyamu mchere kunthaka. Monga chithandizo, mullein kapena feteleza zovuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
Njira yobzala zomera ndi yosavuta. Kuwonjezera pa kuthirira bwino ndi kuchotsa maluwa a peduncles, mulch amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi kofunikanso kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse kuti mizu ya mbewu ikhale yabwino komanso yosasinthasintha.
Kusamalira buttercups kunyumba ndi ofanana, ndi kusiyana kokha kukhala chimenecho Kupalira mmimba nthawi zonse pa bedi la maluwa pa nkhaniyi sikofunika. Pofuna kukula maluwa pa khonde, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tipeze mitundu yambiri ya timatope mu mphika umodzi kuti tipeze maonekedwe okongola. Ndibwino kuika mphika kumbali ya kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Koma ngati ili kumbali yakumwera, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi maluwa nthawi yaitali. Mu funso lakuti "Kodi mungatani kuti mukule ranunculus kunyumba?", Osati kokha nkhani yothirira ndi kudyetsa nthawi zonse, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira.
Kudulira
Nkofunika nthawi kudulira maluwa inflorescences, chifukwa chomera chimapanga maluwa mapesi wandiweyani ndipo amatha kusokoneza maluwa atsopano. Kuchokera ku mapesi odulidwa amapanga maluwa ndi kuwaika m'madzi, kumene amatha kuyima kwa milungu iwiri.
Kukumba ndi kusunga ma tubers
Gawo ili la munda likuchitika pambuyo pa mbeu ottsvetet ndi prisohnet. Kodi ranunculus imatha nthawi yaitali bwanji? Pakatikatikati pake, amatikongoletsa ndi maluwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa August - kutentha kutangotha, koma kutentha kusanayambe. Komabe, kukumba tubers pokhapokha masamba a zomerawo atayidwa kale, mosasamala mwezi wa chaka. Izi zisanachitike, m'pofunikira kudula masamba ake owuma komanso zimayambira. Mukamakumba tubers, samalani kwambiri, popeza ndi ofooka komanso osowa.
Ndikofunikira! Pachimake, ranunculus ndi chomera chosatha, koma pamalo otseguka, pa kutentha pansi -7ºC, imamwalira. Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira imayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi, kumene kutentha kumakhala pa 4 + ... ºC.Pambuyo kukumba tubers, ndibwino kuima kwa theka la ora mu maziko kapena mphindi 15-20 mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, ndiyeno zouma kwa masiku atatu m'malo amdima. Kwa yosungirako, iwo amakutidwa mu thumba la mapepala kapena mchere wouma ndipo amasungidwa pamalo opumira mpweya mumabokosi. Ngati nyengo kumalo mwanu siilimbikitse, zomera zimatha kuziyika pamalo othuthuka, kenako zimadzazidwa ndi masamba owuma, masamba a spruce kapena malo ena m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukudziwa? Pamapeto pa nyengo yokula, 5-7 achinyamata mphukira amapezeka pa tuber iliyonse. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo zomera, koma ndi iwo maluwa ali ang'onoting'ono, ofooka ndi osachepera yowutsa mudyo.
Ranunculus kuswana
Pali njira zazikulu ziwiri zobzala mbewu: tubers ndi mbewu. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira yofalitsira ndi mphukira, koma kenako chomera chimakula pang'ono.
Tubers
Matenda otsekemera amakhala ndi njira zingapo ndipo amafanana ndi phazi la goose. Kwa kubereka ndikofunikira kusankha wamkulu mwa iwo, kukhala ndi njira zinayi. Nkofunika kuti iwo ali olimba, okhuta komanso okwanira okhuta ndi chinyezi.
Mukadzala tubers, mvetserani kuti impso ili pamtunda pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati ndizochepa kwambiri, chomeracho chikhoza kufa. Kuti akwaniritse vutoli ndi losavuta, chifukwa ndi losavuta kudziwa komwe kuli impso. Kuika malo oyenera a tuber pakufika kwala zala.
Mbewu
Popeza mbewu ya mbewu ya buttercup imamera ndi yochepa kwambiri, alimi samangoyamba kufalitsa mbewu motero. Amene amasankha pazomwezi, amasonkhanitsa nyemba kuchokera ku masamba oyambirira. Mbewu isanayambe, imapindikizidwa m'magazi kuti mbewu zisagwe. Kenako achotsedwa ndi kutumizidwa kusungirako.
Kumera kumayambiriro kumapeto kwa February kapena kumayambiriro kwa March. Mbewu imatsanuliridwa pa nthaka yokonzedwa ndi kuwaza pamwamba ndi 1.5-2 masentimita. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo amaika magalasi kapena filimu ndikuyiyika pamalo abwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika kukhala mkati mwa 15% + 17ºC, ndipo nthaka imayambitsidwa nthawi. Mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka masabata awiri kapena atatu mutabzala. Pa nthawiyi, ndizotheka kuchotsa chivundikiro chotetezera ndikupitiriza kukula mbeu mpaka mbeu zikuwoneka m'masamba awiri. Kenaka amaloĊµera m'matangi amodzi ndi kuyembekezera nthawi yoyenera, atabzalidwa pamtunda.
Ndikofunikira! Bzalidwa motere, mbande idzapatsa maluwa chaka chotsatira, ndipo ndi tubers yatsopano, maluwa imayamba miyezi ingapo mutabzala.
Kulamulira tizilombo
Chomera chofotokozedwa, monga china chirichonse, chimawonekera pa icho tizirombo ndi matenda. Kotero, ngati inu munawona pa timapepala powdery mildew (mwa mawonekedwe a nkhungu yoyera) kapena mawanga a bulauni - ndizo zizindikiro za matenda a fungal. Zimapezeka ndi damps kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuthirira madzi kapena nyengo yamvula. Zokhudza kwambiri zomera zimawononga. Ngati bowa lafalikira pang'ono, konzani mpweya wabwino mu ranunculus.
Mwa tizirombo muzu wa buttercups nthawi zambiri kuthetsa nyongolotsi za nematode. Pamwamba pa chomera ndi parasitic kabulugufe, thrips, nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi chiyani chomwe chingasonyeze malo a siliva ndi oyera pa masamba. Polimbana ndi tizilombo m'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Monga njira yothandizira, kawiri kapena katatu pamlungu ranculys amathiridwa ndi 0,2% mercaptophos yankho.
Monga tikuonera, kulima ranunculus ndi nkhani yosavuta. Ndikofunika kuti uwapatse nthaka yabwino, pamalo ozizira mpweya dzuwa ndi madzi okwanira. Kusamalira chomera kunyumba kumakhala pafupi ndi kusamalira m'munda.
