Zukini nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa kuti ndi mtundu wazowoneka bwino wa squash, choncho zofunikira pakulima kwawo ndizofanana. Koma popeza mbewuyo sikunakololedwa nthawi yomweyo m'dzinja, koma nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, ukadaulo waulimi wa masamba awa, mosiyanasiyana, umasiyanasiyana. M'madera ambiri, zukini zimabzalidwa pofesa mwachindunji m'mundamo, koma mbande nthawi zambiri zimakonzekera kubala zipatso zoyambirira.
Kukonzekera dothi ndi akasinja a mbande
Zukini amafuna nthaka yachonde moyo wawo wonse, kuphatikiza pa kulima. Banja wamba silingafunikire tchire la zukini, mbewu 4-5 ndizokwanira. Chifukwa chake, nthaka yofunikira ndiyosavuta kugula m'sitolo mwama fomu. Ngati muyenera kupulumutsa, mutha kudzipanga nokha, koma izi zimangofunika zingapo, koma si onse omwe ali pafupi.
Chimodzi mwazosakanikirana bwino bwino cha mbande chimaphatikizira theka peat, 30% humus, zina zonse ndizofanana malo amtundu wa sod ndi utuchi wopendekera wazipatso zamtundu uliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza wachilengedwe amawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wa zosakaniza zotere: magalamu angapo a nitrate iliyonse, pafupifupi 10 g ya superphosphate ndi 5-8 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu aliyense. Ndikosavuta, mwachidziwikire, kusakaniza feteleza wosakaniza ndi mawonekedwe ena, mwachitsanzo, azophos. Chifukwa chake, kudzikonzera nokha kusakaniza sikungakhale kotsika mtengo kwenikweni.
Mukamagula dothi, ndibwino kuti musankhe imodzi yomwe yapangidwira zukchini
Popanda peat, mutha kusakaniza dothi la pansi ndi humus ndikuwonjezera kapu ya phulusa la nkhuni ndi 20-40 g ya ammofoska ku ndowa ya osakaniza. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa tokha podzikhesa ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate sabata imodzi musanafese mbewu.
Kukonzekera mbewu zukini kuti mubzale
Masiku 60-80 akudutsa kuchokera ku mphukira za zukini mpaka kuyamba kwa kuphukira, chifukwa chake, kuti mukule mbande, simungathe kutengera kukonzekera kwapadera kwa mbewu: adzakhala ndi nthawi yophuka ngakhale ndi kufesa kouma. Imathandizira mbande, nthangala zimathiriridwa m'madzi musanafesedwe.
Mbewu za Zukini sizili choncho pomwe pakubuka mavuto, pokhapokha atasokonezeka popanda chiyembekezo. Amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo tsopano m'masitolo odziwika amagulitsa mbewu zodalirika zingapo.
Ngati mbewuzo sizinachokerako, ndibwino kuzikonzekera koyamba. Ndikoyenera kugwira ntchito yotsatirayi.
- Muyenereza kuponyera zing'onozing'ono koma zosakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Iyi ndi nkhani yakanthawi, ndizosavuta kuchita pamanja.
Mbewu za Zukini ndi zazikuru, ndipo kuzisankha si vuto
- Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhani ya zukini, sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate, ingokhalani nawo kwa maola angapo m'madzi ndi kutentha pafupifupi 50 zaC, ndiye ozizira m'madzi ozizira.
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate, muyenera kukonzekera yankho lamphamvu (monga kumanzere), koma mutha kuchita madzi otentha chabe
- Kutentha powayika kuti anyowe mufiriji usiku wonse.
- Ngati mukufuna kufulumizitsa njirayo, zimereni pang'ono ndikuchiyika pa sosilo mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuphimba. Madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka michira ya mizu itaonekera.
Ngati ma ponytails amakula kwambiri, amatha kuwonongeka atabzala
Simuyenera kudikira kuti michira ikhale yayikulupo: mbewuzovuta kubzala. Kutalika kwa michira yama millimeter ochepa ndikokwanira: Mbeu zomwe sizidzutsidwe zimatha kutsalira pachaza, ndipo nthangala zam'mimba ziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Alimi ena azomera amapanganso njere ndi zokuzitsa zokolola, koma izi sizili choncho.
Malamulo pofesa zukini kwa mbande
Mbande za Zukini zimabzalidwa makapu osiyana: kuposa peat, koma osinthika, okhala ndi pansi. Mabokosi akuluakulu wamba ndi osayenera kwathunthu, chifukwa zukini ndizopweteka kwambiri pakuika kwina kulikonse, kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa mizu kumachepetsa kukula kwawo kwina.
Momwe amafesa mbewu
Ndikofunika kukula mbande osati kunyumba, komwe imatambasuka kwambiri, koma m'malo obiriwira dzuwa: pamafunika kuchuluka kokwanira kwa dzuwa. Kukula kwa zikho kumatengera zaka zomwe mbewuzo zimayenera kubzalidwa m'mundamo. Palibe njira zomveka bwino. Ndikofunika kuigwira mpaka zaka 25-30 zikafika, koma magalasiwo ayenera kukhala osachepera theka la lita, kapena kupitilirabe ochulukirapo. Mutha kubzala m'mundamo muli ndi milungu iwiri, ndiye kuti 300 ml ndikokwanira. Makulidwe opanga makapu ndi 8-10 cm, kutalika 10 cm, ndiye kuti, voliyumu ili pafupi lita.
Pakati pa miphika yambiri ya peat ya zukini, muyenera kusankha zazikulu kwambiri
Kufesa mbewu ndikofunikira. Amakwiliridwa ndi masentimita 3-4.Matchero obzala amabzala amodzi nthawi imodzi, mbewu zowuma - ma PC atatu., Ndipo zikamera, chomera chabwino chimatsalira, ena onse amachotsedwa. Dothi limathiriridwa mokwanira ndi madzi ofunda ndikuyika malo otentha (kutentha kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 zaC) M'masiku ochepa, mphukira zidzawoneka zomwe zimakwera kwenikweni "pamaso panu." Magalasi amayenera kusamutsidwira kumalo otentha bwino okhala ndi kutentha pafupifupi 18 zaC. Kulephera kutero kudzapangitsa kuti mbande zikukula mwachangu, ndipo m'masiku awiri okha itha kutayidwa kale.
Madeti amafesa mbewu
Kuti tikuze mbande, mbewu zophika zimabzalidwa m'njira pakati kuyambira pa Epulo 20 mpaka 25. Koma nthawi iyi ndikuyerekeza, wolima munda aliyense amasankha payekha kuti akapititsa mbande pabedi. Zitha kupitikitsa zukini m'mundamo nyengo ikakhala yotentha. Zukini sizimalekerera chisanu pazaka zilizonse: kutentha kumatsika mpaka 10 zaNdi ntchito yake yofunika, imaphuka kwambiri, ndipo pamtunda wotsika pang'ono, mbewuyo imafa.
Chifukwa chake, pofesa mbewu, munthu ayenera kuganizira zonse zomwe zimakhala m'derali komanso kuti sizingatheke kusunga mbande kunyumba kwa mwezi wopitilira: zimakula. Chofunika kwambiri ndiz zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza kulimba kwa mbeuyo. Mbewu zamitundu yambiri, mwachitsanzo, pamtunda wa Volgograd kapena Kursk, zitha kufesedwa mkati mwa Epulo, m'chigawo cha Moscow pa Meyi 1, komanso ku Urals ndi Siberia pafupi ndi 20 mwezi watha wamasika. Kulankhula za mbande za zukini kum'mwera kwenikweni sizikumveka konse.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Kusamalira mbande za zukini sikubweretsa mavuto: masamba awa kuyambira masiku oyambawo amakula mwamphamvu, pafupifupi osadwala, pokhapokha ngati mwini wake awonjezera ndi kutentha ndi kuthirira, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amakula kukhala chitsamba chothandiza.
Zukini mmera womera
Mbande zovuta kwambiri m'moyo ndizoyambira masiku ochepa, pomwe zimafunikira kutentha pang'ono komanso kowala, koma kuyatsa magetsi. M'mwezi woyamba, zukini zimangofunika kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba komanso kutsatira kuwala ndi kutentha. Ndiye chifukwa chake kumakhala koyenera kubzala mbande muuwisi, ngati pali imodzi: mu nyumba yanyumba kumatha kukhala mdima pang'ono (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iyenera kukhala ndi magetsi), komanso yotentha kwambiri.
The zovuta kukula mbande m'tauni zinthu zukini amakhala pakati. Chifukwa chake, ndizabwino kwambiri kuti phwetekere kapena tsabola m'nyumba, ndizovuta kubzala mbande zolimba kabichi kunyumba chifukwa cha kutentha, ndipo zukini sizingakhale zovuta pokhapokha ngati nyakulimi, chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri kapena chifukwa chosowa nthawi, sachita njira zofunika panthawi.
Kuwala ndi kutentha kwa kukula mbande pawindo
Kutentha kwakukulu pakupanga zukini ndi 20-25 zaC, koma akumva bwino pa 15-20 zaC, chifukwa chake, pakubzala mbande kunyumba, sizipanga nzeru kuganizira makamaka kutentha. Chachikulu ndichakuti musakhale otentha kwambiri masiku 4-5 atatulukira: panthawiyi muyenera kupeza malo pachiwindi chozizira kwambiri. Mtsogolomo, kutentha wamba kwa nyumba zambiri m'tauni ndizabwino pachikhalidwe ichi.
Zowunikira ziyenera kumwazikana, koma mphamvu zokwanira: zowongolera za April zangowongolera dzuwa zimatha kuwotcha timapepala, ndipo zukini pazenera lakumpoto ndizowala kwambiri. Maola opangira masana ayenera kukhala opitilira maola 12, koma mu Epulo-Meyi akuwonjeza kale kufunika kwake. Mphamvu yakuwala iyenera kusintha ndi kukhazikitsa nyali zowonjezera. Kumbali yakumwera safunikira, apo ayi nyali ya phytolamp kapena nyale yowunikira yozizira iyenera kuyikidwa mwachindunji pamwamba pa makapu. Nyali za Incandescent zimatenthetsera mpweya kwambiri ndikuwotcha mbewuzo.
Pa sew ya kumwera sill pali mbande zokwanira za mbewu iliyonse
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mbande za Zukini ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda okha (osachepera 25 zaC) kuti dothi lisamere. Koma chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu ndi kufa kwa mbande, sichilivulanso. Chifukwa chake, ngati wolima dimba akudziwa kufooka kwa kuthirira mbewu zochulukirapo, ayenera kuyikapo pang'ono masentimita angapo oyikamo zinyalala pansi pa makapu. Kuthilira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatengera momwe zinthu ziliri, koma pafupifupi ndikofunikira kuthirira kamodzi pakatha masiku atatu ndi theka mumphika umodzi, woyamba 40-50, kenako mpaka 100 ml ya madzi.
Kuphatikiza chinyezi cha dothi, chinyezi cha mpweya ndizofunikanso, chomwe sichiyenera kukhala chokwanira kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kuthana nayo, koma osalola kuti mbewu zoyandikana nazo zisokonezane, komanso mpweya wofewa m'masungidwewo. Magalasi okhala ndi mbande amayenera kuchoka kutali kuti wina asiyane.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ngati mbande zimasungidwa mu zikho pafupifupi mwezi, munthawi imeneyi zimadyetsedwa kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba - sabata litatuluka, chachiwiri - masiku ena 7-10. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zapamwamba zakonzedwa zopangira mbande, koma mutha kutenga feteleza wamafuta aliwonse ndikuwayika mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
Mukuvala kwatsirizidwe, kapangidwe kazakudya nthawi zonse kamakhala koyenera
Ngati dothi linatengedwa ndi chopatsa thanzi, mutha kuchita popanda feteleza, ndikuwadyetsa mbewuzo ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni. Mukadyetsa, michere yothetsera michere siyenera kugwera pamasamba. Mbewu zothira feteleza isanayambe kapena itatha, mbewu zimathirira madzi oyera ofunda.
Sankhani
Kutola mbande za zukini ndikosayenera. Osachepera pang'ono mmera wake, mbewu ikafesedwa ndikuchuluka dothi lalikulu, muzu wapakati umapanikizika. Zowonongeka kumizu, ngakhale zochepa, zukini ndizopweteka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukuyenera kuthira mbande muchidebe china (kuchokera pa bokosi wamba kupita ku makapu osiyana kapena kapu kupita mumphika wokulirapo), izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ikani dothi musanagwire madziwo ndikuyesetsa kuti muchotse mbewu ndi dothi lalikulu popanda kuwononga mizu. Dzenje la iye m'malo atsopano lidayambitsidwa kale, ndikumuthira madzi. Pang'onopang'ono mudzazitse ma voids m dzenje ndi dothi, ndiye kuti mbande zathiriridwa bwino mumphika watsopano ndikutsukidwa kwa masiku angapo osakwanira. Mulimonsemo, kuphatikizira kumakhala kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa zukini, pambuyo pake amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso pafupifupi sabata limodzi.
Thirani mu nthaka
Kummwera kwa dzikolo kulibe mavuto ndi kukula kwa zukini, ndipo pafupifupi palibe amene amalima mbande kumeneko. M'madera otentha pang'ono, madera otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa amawagawira, pobzala chikhalidwe kumapiri. Kumpoto chakumadzulo, kutentha m'malo otseguka sikokwanira nthawi zonse, ndipo zukini amakhalidwa pansi pa malo osavuta kwambiri amafilimu. Mulimonsemo, ndibwino kubzala mbande m'mabedi pa masiku 25-30.
Malangizo pobzala mbande
Zukini limamera bwino pamtunda wachonde, koma ndizotheka kupeza bwino ngakhale dongo. Koma kumetera ndichotsutsana kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, bedi lakumunda limakonzedwa m'malo otentha, ndikukumba pasadakhalepo ndikuyambitsa zokolola zachikhalidwe m'munda wa mbewu zam'munda, koma kutsimikizira ndikwabwino.
Popeza zukini amapanga mizu yoyambira bwino yomwe imafalikira mbali zonse, mabowo obzala mbande amapangidwa motalikirana kwambiri wina ndi mzake - osachepera 70. Pogwiritsa ntchito fosholo kapena fosholo, ikani bowo kukula kwake kosaposa chidebe, kuti, ngakhale chiwembuchi chafukula kale ndi feteleza, pangani feteleza wakomweko. Hafu ya ndowa ya hafu ndi theka la lita imodzi ya phulusa la nkhuni ayikidwa m'dzenje; feteleza wa mchere ndi bwino kupewedwa.
Asanabzale mbande, madzi ambiri ofunda amathiridwa mum zitsime kuti athe kunyowetsa dothi lonse mozungulira chomera cham'tsogolo. Nthawi zambiri mbande zomwe zimakula zimabzalidwa popanda kuzama, ndikukula kapena kutalikirana zimatsitsidwa mu dzenje lakuya, mpaka masamba a cotyledon. Mbande kwa nthawi yoyamba ziyenera kuphimbidwa kuchokera ku dzuwa lowala, ndipo ngati chisanu chikhalebe chotheka, ndiye kuti chimatetezedwa ku zotsatira zawo. Kwa izi, zida zopanda nsalu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - lutrasil, spanbond.
Mbande zabwino zimabzalidwa popanda kuzama
Madeti obzala mbande panthaka
Mbande zanyengo zimachitika nthawi yomweyo mbande za phwetekere zibzalidwe. Madeti enieniwo amadalira nyengo ya kuderalo komanso nyengo yomwe iliri mu chaka chimodzi: simungalole zukini kulowa ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri chisanu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ngati mbande yakula, iyenera kubzalidwe, koma m'malo okhala kanthawi kochepa. Simungakhale naye kunyumba kwa mwezi wopitilira.
Ngati simutero pobisala, ndiye kuti m'chigawo chapakati ndipo, makamaka, m'matawuni, kubzala zukini panja popanda chiopsezo ndizotheka pokhapokha pa 5 June. Ku Urals ndi ambiri a Siberia - Sabata ina pambuyo pake. Koma, zowonadi, awa ndi masiku oyenerana, chaka ndi chaka sikofunikira. Ngati zukini zadzala kuti zisungidwe nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita mbande konse, koma mofatsa fesani mbewu m'mundamo itatha kuopseza chisanu.
Wokonzeka kubzala mbande za zukini ayenera kukhala ndi masamba enieni awiri amtundu wobiriwira, tsamba lakuthwa lalifupi, ndipo mizu ikhale yoyera, yolimba. Ngati pali tsamba limodzi lokha, kubzala ndikotheka pokhapokha poto wa peat, ndiye kuti, popanda kusokonezedwa pang'ono ndi mizu. Mbande zibzalidwe bwino m'masiku amitambo, m'mawa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo mukamakula mbande
Ngati mukutsatira malamulo okhomera mbande, zonse zimayenda bwino, sipangakhale mavuto. Komabe, kulephera kumatha kuchitika, ndipo wolima m'munda nthawi zina amakumana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi.
- Ngati mbande sizinakhalepo patsiku lakhumi mutabzala, simuyenera kudikiranso: kukwatula mbewu nthawi imeneyo kukadamera kale, ndipo ngati mbewuzo zidabzalidwa, ndiye kuti sizili bwino. Mbewu zabwinobwino zokhala dothi lonyowa zimaphuka firiji. Mukufunika kugula zatsopano ndi zatsopano.
- Mbande imatha kutambalala, iyi ndiye vuto lalikulu, ndipo pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo, koma chachikulu ndicho kutentha kwambiri sabata yoyamba itamera. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimachitika mopepuka kapena makapu ambiri. Choyamba, muyenera kuwonjezera kuwala ndikuyesera kuthira dothi m'magalasi. Ndikothekanso kukasuntha zukini mosamala m'miphika yambiri, kukulitsa zimayambira. Ngati zinthu sizinapite patali, izi zitha kuthandiza.
Mbande zoterezi zimafunikira kuziika m'phika lalikulu, kuzama kwambiri
- Mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono pokhapokha dothi lopanda bwino: kutentha mu nyumba ndikokwanira bwino kukula, ndipo nthaka youma mbewu zingafune. Mwadzidzidzi muyenera kudyetsa zukini zonse mchere feteleza.
- Kuchepetsa mbande ndizotheka osati kokha chifukwa chouma, koma, m'malo mwake, kuchokera ku chinyezi chambiri. Mokulira, makamaka ndi madzi ozizira, kumatha kubweretsa kuwoneka kwa mizu zowola, chifukwa chomwe nsonga za mizu zimafa, ndiye kuti khosi la mizu limasanduka lofiirira. Zomera zoterezi zimafota ndikufa, sizingapulumutsidwe.
- Chifukwa chosowa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, masamba amatha kutembenukira chikaso. Mchitidwewo umayambira m'mphepete mwa pepala, kenako umapita kudera lonselo. Ngati mungaigwire nthawi yomweyo ndikudyetsa mbande ndi yankho la urea kapena nitrate, itha kukhala bwino. Ngati masamba ali achikasu kwathunthu, mbewu zimafa.
Vidiyo: zolakwika pamene mukukula mbande za zukini
Komanso kusamalira zukini
Kuthirira zukini poyamba ndizochepa kuposa nkhaka: patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Izi zimachitika mpaka mbande zikalimba ndipo mwachiwonekere sizikula. Ndipo nthawi yotentha, makamaka pa nthawi ya maluwa ambiri, amathiriridwa madzi ofunika, chifukwa champhamvu masana ndipo chinyontho m'nthaka ndi masamba a masamba afota komanso sag. Madzi othirira ayenera kutentha, kutentha tsiku lonse padzuwa. Kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti inyowetse nthaka pafupifupi ndikuzama kuya konse, ndikuti masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Ndikakhala ndi chinyezi, zipatso zimakula kukula kwamtundu, koma kwambiri.
Chisamaliro cha chilimwe chimakhala ngati mbewu zina, pomwepo, zomwe zimabowola khungubwe, zimayambitsa nkhawa, zitatha. Chifukwa chake, nkhondo yolimbana ndi tiziromboyi iyenera kukhala yopitilira. Mukukula, kuthira feteleza ndi 2-3 kumachitika, osayesetsa kupitiliza ndi nayitrogeni, pomwe tsamba limakula, koma zipatso sizipsa bwino.
Pali mitundu yokwerera ndi chitsamba ya zukini. Kutengera izi, ndikofunikira kukonza zitsamba za mbewu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ya Shrub ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma kukwera yomwe imakonda kutulutsa kokhazikika. Zitsulo ziyenera kuyikidwa pabedi kuti zisasokonezane, koma posamalira mbewu, yesetsani kuti zisasokoneze. Zomera za Shrub sizifunikira kupangidwa, zipatso zake zimapangidwa makamaka patsinde lapakati. Kutalika kwakuthupi kumafuna kuchepa, komwe kumakulitsa zipatso zambiri. Mu mbewu zotere, pamwamba pa tsinde limadina tsamba limodzi kapena lachisanu pambuyo pa kuonekera, chifukwa chomwe mphukira yamtunduwu imakula: ndi kuti pomwe mbewu zazikulu zimamera.
Mitundu ya Shrub ndi yabwino kwambiri: amatenga malo ocheperako
Thumba losunga mazira la zukini masiku 7-12 liyenera kusungidwa mwadongosolo, apo ayi kupangira zipatso kumatha kutha. Koma ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa zipatso kuti mudye nthawi yachisanu, mu Ogasiti mutha kusiyanso zidutswa ziwiri pachitsamba ndi kuzilola kuti zipse. Kututa mu Seputembala, ali kale ndi khungwa lakumaso ndipo nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba mpaka Chaka Chatsopano, ndipo izi zikugwiranso ntchito mitundu yambiri.
Kanema: kuyambira kufesa mbewu mpaka mbande mpaka kukolola
Kukula zukini sikufunikira nthawi zonse mmera, masamba awa amakula bwino pambuyo pofesa mbewu mwachindunji m'mundamo. Koma kuti apange zipatso zoyambirira, amayesa kubzala mbewu m'miphika kunyumba, m'malo motengera kubala pafupi mwezi. Ndikosavuta kubzala mbande zapamwamba, mumangofunika kukwaniritsa zina zomwe amadziwika kuti ndi wamaluwa.
