Muraiya - chisamaliro chakunyumba cha mtengo wa olamulira achi Japan

Muraiya (Murraya) - chomera chomwe chili ndi maluwa onunkhira oyera ngati chipale komanso zipatso zabwino. Pomwe chikhalidwe chidachokerako, malo ake, mitundu yake, zomwe zimafunika kuti zibzalidwe komanso zomwe Murraya amasamalira kunyumba - pansipa m'nkhaniyi.

Murraya: Kufotokozera

Muraiya ndi woimira banja la a Rutov, okhudzana ndi mitengo komanso zitsamba zonse. Mutha kuziwona ku India ndi Central Africa. Ili ndi mitundu yambiri. Kusamalira ndikosavuta ndikukhala pansi ndikuwona kutentha, kuwunika ndi kuthirira.

Duwa la Muraya

Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe a chomera cha Muraya

Ndi shrub, wachibale wa mandimu ndi mandarin. Zomera zimapezeka koyamba m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Asayansi achi Sweden ku Himalayas. Amatchedwa Murray, wasayansi yemwe adapeza kope loyamba.

Maonekedwe sangasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi: chomera chobiriwira chamamita awiri chomwe chimakhala ndi mitengo yaying'ono yopyapyala yokutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni, okhala ndi masamba osalala. Pa tsamba lililonse pamakhala masamba, omwe nthawi ya masika amasintha kukhala masamba oyera oyera masamba asanu okhala ndi malekezero okutira ndi jasmine kununkhira. Pakumapeto kwa kasupe, zipatso zofiira za muraya zimawonekera pamaluwa, ophimbidwa ndi peel ya lalanje. Mkati iliyonse muli fupa lachikasu.

Mtengo wa Mafumu achi Japan

Muraiya amatchedwa mtengo wa olamulira achi Japan, popeza kuyambira pa chiyambi cha ufumu ku Japan, masamba ndi maluwa a mbewu adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Tsamba lililonse la muraya ndilothandiza. Mwa izi, minyewa yokhala ndi ma decoctions idakonzedwa, yomwe oimira achifumu achi Japan okha ndiwo adaloledwa kumwa kuti awonjezere zobisika za munthu. Chakumwa cha imperial chinakulitsa mphamvu zakugonana komanso mphamvu yaimuna. Kuyesa kutenga mbewu kupita nayo kunyumba ndikuyesa kukulira murraya kunyumba kumatha ndikuwongolera.

Chomera

Muraya - duwa lakunja. Mphukira zake zimakhala ndi zoyera kapena chipale chofewa. Onaninso kuchuluka kwa ma PC 10 mpaka 15. ndikukula ndimabrashi. Pakatikati pa maluwa pamakhala masentimita awiri. Mkati mwake muli maluwa achikasu, amakumbutsa maluwa onunkhira bwino.

Maonekedwe a maluwa

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya muraya

Botanists afotokoza mitundu yopitilira 10 ya maluwa osowa, koma masiku ano pali mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yomera - paniculata ndi Koenig.

Mitundu yamaluwa yotchuka kwambiri:

Murraya paniculata

Mitundu yoberekeredwa makamaka yobereketsa panyumba. Masamba ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi a Koenig ndipo amatalika masentimita 12. Iliyonse imakhala ndi mbale 11. Maluwa ndi utoto wa kirimu. Zipatso za Murraya paniclet mtundu wofiirira. Zimatanthauzira kuzomera zazing'ono.

Muraya Paniculata (Murraya Paniculata)

Muraiya paniculata ndiye chimodzimodzi paniculata muraiya. Amapangidwa ndi chitsamba, mtengo wamtali kapena ngati bonsai. Chodabwitsa cha mitunduyi ndi fungo lamphamvu, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ponse pakuphika komanso cosmetology. Ku India, zokometsera zimapangidwa kuchokera ku icho. Murraya paniculata ngati chomera chosawoneka bwino, amafunika kuthirira nthawi zambiri komanso kuwala kwambiri.

Koenig wa Muraya wopanda zipatso

Mtundu wachiwiri wa muraya, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera. Malo omwe amakhala ndi zilumba za Pacific Ocean. Maonekedwe ake, Keniga muraya wokhala ndi zipatso zakuda ndi masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira achikuda ndi makungwa aimvi. Maluwawo amakhala ndi maluwa oyera. Amasiyana ndi mantha kukula ndi mtundu wa chipatso. Koenig amafika 40 cm, zipatso zake ndi zakuda.

Muraya Exotica (Murraya Exotica)

Mitundu ya Muraia imasiyana ndi mitundu yomwe yaperekedwa pamwambapa momwe imayambira, kuchuluka kwamaluwa pazamoyo zonse komanso kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe ali mgululi (Dutch ali ndi masamba 11). Dzina lina la mitunduyi ndi maluwa achi Dutch.

Muraya zosowa

Kugulitsa Muraya mutagula mphika

Muyenera kufalitsa dalalo kukhala dothi lonyowa pang'ono, lopangidwa ndi mchenga ndi dothi la pepala. Chidebe chofesa mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi ndikuyikidwa padzuwa. Kuwalika kwa mphukira zazing'ono kumachitika mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zouma mtima. Onetsetsani kuti mukuzindikira kuti payenera kusintha kwambiri kutentha, apo ayi maluwa adzafa.

Zomwe mukusowa

Potanthauzira za Murraya zikuwonetsedwa kuti pakukula kwathunthu komanso maluwa apanthaŵi yake, ndikofunikira kusamalira nthaka musanabzale. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri imakhala yotakasuka ndikudzazidwa ndi michere yowonjezera ndi acidity mpaka 7.5 pH. Ngati mungaganize zogula dothi lokonzedwa kale, muyenera kusankha ina yabwino yazipatso zamtchire. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwonjezera vermiculite - chinthu kuti muwonjezere kuyandikira kwa dziko lapansi.

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupanga dothi lomera ndi manja anu, osagula lopangidwa lokonzeka. Amapangidwa ndi kusakaniza:

• tsamba ndi ntchentche;
• humus;
• mchenga wowuma.

Ponena za madzi, muyenera kuthiririra ndi madzi okhazikika pa kutentha kwa firiji.

Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri

Kuti duwa limere bwinobwino, muyenera kusankha poto wabwino. Dongosolo lake liyenera kukhala lalikulu ndi masentimita angapo am'mbuyomu. Poto yayikulu kwambiri sikofunikanso kunyamula, chifukwa madzi amadzaza pansi pa mizu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke. Ponena za malo olimirirako, windowsill, yoyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, ndioyenera.

Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera

Njira yodzala chomera mumphika imaphatikizanso izi:

1. Kukonzekera kwa mphika, dothi lokhazikika, kumakhala madzi ofunda ndikukonza mbande kapena kugula.
2. Kumasulira dothi, kuchotsa dothi lapamwamba ndi kuthirira yambiri.
3. Duwa loyera bwino ndi nthaka yomwe idalilidwa kale.
4. Ufa wopanga ndi dothi latsopano komanso kapangidwe kakang'ono ka nthaka.

Mkhalidwe wofunikira pakukubzala koyenera ndi malo a khosi la mizu. Chachikulu ndichakuti muchepetse kuzama kwambiri kwa mizu kuti ikhale pansi, apo ayi funso lingabuke chifukwa chake maluwa a muraiya samatulutsa.

Kukula kwa muraya

Kufalitsa mwamphamvu

Muraya amatha kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu ndi kudula. Ogulitsa minda ku Amateur adawona kuti njira yomalizayi ndiyodalirika kuposa yoyamba, popeza si mbewu zonse zomwe zimakula, ndipo ngati zimere, sizowona kuti zidzapulumuka.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kuti mumalitse maluwa ndi kudula, muyenera:

1. tengani mphukira wokhwima kwambiri ndikudula pakati;
2. kuti muzu mu dothi losasakanizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate nthaka kapena madzi oyimirira.

Tsamba limamera pambuyo pa mwezi. Zitatha izi, masamba ndi mbande zonse zimatuluka, zomwe zimafunikira kuziika mumphika.

Kulima mbewu

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula mbewu mu sitolo kapena kutolera nokha kuchokera ku duwa lina, kenako ndikuziyika pansi ndikuziwonjezera madzi zikauma. Zikwangwani zimawonekera m'mwezi umodzi pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C.

Kukula duwa kwa mbewu

Muraya: chisamaliro chakunyumba

Ngakhale kuti ambiri amati muraya ndi mbewu zodontha, iye sapereka zofunika zapadera za chisamaliro. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena a kuthirira, kavalidwe kapamwamba ndi zotentha, kuti chitsamba chokongola ndi chopatsa thanzi chikakula.

Njira yothirira

Panthawi yomwe mbewu ikukula, ndikofunikira kuti izitha kuthilira nthawi zonse ndi madzi oyeretsedwa kapena okhazikika. Pakadzaza chimfine, pafupipafupi kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Mu nthawi yopuma, mutha kusiya.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Muyenera kudyetsa mbewuyo ndi feteleza komanso michere kuyambira March mpaka Seputembala. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe mbewuyo ikukula mwachangu ndi maluwa, kenako ndikupatsa zipatso. Kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pamwezi. Mutha kumasula ndi kuwonjezera zina zapadera zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'malo osungira zipatso zamtchire, kapena mutha kuzichita nokha. Kuyambira kuvala zovala zapamwamba kwambiri, ndibwino kusankhira urea kapena urea chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, komanso kuchokera kwa organic - mpaka manyowa kapena ndowe.

Nthawi yopuma, ndizosatheka kudyetsa chomera cha zipatso. Sichidzaphatikizidwa ndi muraya. Kuphatikiza apo, simungathe kuthira feteleza ngati akudwala ndi zinazake. Feteleza umathira dothi lonyowa pang'ono.

Chisamaliro cha Muraya

Zosamalidwa nthawi yamaluwa

Maluwa amachitika patatha miyezi 12 mutasinthanitsa duwa kukhala mphika wokhazikika. Kusamalira panthawiyi kuyenera kupititsidwa patsogolo. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba oyamba kuti muteteze njira, phatikizani feteleza dothi ndi zowonjezera zachilengedwe ndi zina, ndikuwunikanso momwe zinthu zilili. Ngati masamba ayamba kumera, muyenera kuyesa kusunthira mbewuyo kumalo ena, kuthirira ndi madzi ena.

Zinthu zosamalira pakupuma

Maluwa alibe nthawi yopumira. Malinga ndi olima dimba, imatha kuyambira Novembala mpaka Febere, ngakhale nthawi ikhoza kusinthidwa. Muraiya sakusowa pogwira pakapumula. Pakadali pano, palibe kuvala kwapamwamba komwe kumafunikira, ndikokwanira kupereka kuthirira pang'ono, kuyika mphikawo m'malo owala koma osawotcha.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Malaya a Muraya pawindo lakumwera, osakhudza masamba ndi galasi lozizira. Kuti muwonjezere maola opanga masana, muyenera kuwunikira ndi nyali ya ultraviolet.

Muraya m'nyengo yozizira

Masamba a Murai atembenukira chikasu: choti achite

Masamba amatha kusanduka achikasu ngati dothi limakhala ndi zamchere zambiri kapena mulibe zinthu zina zofunika kuziwamo. Komanso, mbewuyo imataya masamba chifukwa cha kugwa kwamphamvu kutentha, kukalamba kwachilengedwe, kusowa kwa madzi okwanira, kuchuluka kwa umuna, chisamaliro chosayenera. Chomera chimatha kusanduka chikasu, kugwa ndikugwetsa masamba chifukwa chakuzika kosayenera, mwachitsanzo, kukhala mumphika wambiri. Kukongoletsa masamba kungakhale chifukwa cha chlorosis (matenda wamba a zitsamba).

Kuti mbewuyo isapweteke, muyenera kupereka kuthirira pang'ono ndi madzi oyimirira, kuyang'anira zowonjezera zopanda pake chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chlorine pakuphatikizika.

Mwambiri, chomera chamtundu wachilendo chimatha kukongoletsa chipinda chilichonse ndi mawonekedwe ake. Sikovuta kuzisamalira, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mubzale mumphika wambiri, kuthirira munthawi ndikuchita zinthu zopewetsa matenda, apo ayi atha kutaya masamba ndi maluwa.