Gawo lalikulu la gawo la Russia lili mdera laulimi wowopsa. Zikuwoneka ngati zopusa kuyankhula za kubzala mphesa pano. Pakatchulidwa, nyanja ya Mediterranean, Transcaucasia ndi madera ena ofunda amakumbukira. Koma pali mitundu yomwe imatha kumera "kumpoto kuthengo." Ndipo pali anthu omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo, nthawi ndi moyo wawo pantchito yovutayi. Pafupifupi umodzi mwa mitunduyi - Aleshenkin - malankhulidwe apita.
Mbiri Yakusintha Yosiyanasiyana
Mphesa uwu uli ndi dzina losadziwika - Aleshenkin. Wasayansi wotchuka wa ku Soviet, obereketsa, wophunzitsa, komanso msilikali wakutsogolo Pyotr Efimovich Tsekhmistrenko adamupatsa dzina kulemekeza mdzukulu wawo. Zosiyanasiyana amatchedwa Alyosha, kapena prosaically - No. 328.
Zosiyanasiyana zidayambitsidwa mu State Register ya Russian Federation pansi pa dzina la Alyoshenkin Dar (nambala 9553098). Mayina osiyanasiyana oterewa nthawi zina amabweretsa mkangano pakati pa wamaluwa kuti mtundu umodzi ukufunsidwa.
Peter Efimovich ndi wolemba mitundu iwiri ndi theka ya mitengo yazipatso, ndipo mu 1956 mphesa iyi idatuluka m'manja mwake, chifukwa cha ntchito yoposa zaka makumi awiri. Pulofesa Tsekhmistrenko adakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Volgograd, komwe kumatentha nthawi yotentha, koma nyengo yozizira imakhala yovuta. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ilumikizidwa kumadera akum'mwerayi imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -26 ° C.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mphesa Aleshenkin
Aleshenkin ndi mitundu ya mphesa za tebulo. Akatswiri amati kukoma kwake ndikokwera kwambiri - 7 point. Muli shuga wambiri - 16%. Mabulashi ndi akulu, koma otayirira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa burashi ndi 552 g, koma nthawi zina kumafika 1 kg kapena kuposerapo. Zipatso zake ndizobiriwira zowoneka bwino ndimtambo wachikasu, wokutidwa ndi oma. Khungu limakhala lonenepa, koma labwino. Pali mbewu zochepa, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chimodzi kapena ziwiri, ndipo 40% ya zipatsozo mulibe.
Mbewuzo zimakhwima msanga, m'masiku 110-115. Zochulukitsa zimatha kufika 25 kg kuchokera ku chitsamba pansi pazoyenera kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri - 8-10 kg. Aleshenkin ali ndi masamba opindika asanu omwe amasiyanitsa mitundu ina. Ngakhale mphesa zimawonedwa ngati chisanu, malo oyandikira pansi amakhala ndi chisanu kwambiri, choncho nthawi yozizira tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa.
Pali okondwerera omwe amakwanitsa kupeza zokolola kupitilira pa Arctic Circle. Koma izi, zoona, zili mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Masango akuluakulu a mphesa za Aleshenkin zipsa kwambiri - kumapeto kwa Julayi
Vidiyo: Kututa mphesa za Aleshenkin kucha
Zambiri zodzala ndi chisamaliro
Izi mphesa zosiyanasiyana amaonedwa ngati chosalemekeza ena poyerekeza ena, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti oyambitsa wamaluwa ndi omwe amapanga vinyo. Koma malamulo ena akamakula ndi bwino kutsatira.
Malo omwe mumakonda
Mphesa zimakonda malo a dzuwa otetezedwa ndi mphepo, makamaka kumpoto. Malo otsetsereka akumwera ndi oyenera bwino. Choyamba, kumawotha mchaka, madzi samayenda pamenepo. Mphesa sindimakonda kuthirira kwamadzi, chifukwa cha izi matenda oyamba ndi fungus angawakhudze.
Aleshenkin amateteza matenda, koma chinthu chomwe chimapulumutsa ndikuti patathojeni wocheperako samamva bwino mwina, chifukwa chotsatira agrotechnics, mphesa siziri kudwala. Ndikwabwino kubzala mphesa zomwe zimatetezedwa ndimakoma - nyumba kapena mpanda womwe umakutira kumphepo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumbayo, itawundana ndi dzuwa masana, imawotha mbewu usiku, kupereka kutentha. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti madzi amvula kuchokera padenga sayenera kukhetsa mbewu.
Mphesa zimakonda nthaka yachonde, yopepuka. Sililekerera madambo komanso phokoso lamchere. Sakonda nthaka ya acidic - laimu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Ntchito zonse zakukonza nthaka zimachitika bwino kwambiri mu kugwa. Chapakatikati, musanabzale, muyenera kukumba pansi kuti kudzala ndi oxygen ndikuwumitsa pang'ono.
Malamulo akumalo
Ndikwabwino kubzala mphesa kasupe, ndiye nthawi yozizira imatha kuzika mizu ndikulimba bwino. Kusankhidwa kwa mbande kuyenera kuonedwa mozama. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhoma kwambiri, mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Ndikwabwino kutenga mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka, koma ngati yatseguka, muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi cha mizu yake - zowala bwino. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kudula imodzi - kudula kuyeneranso kukhala kopepuka.
Ngati muzu mkati mwamdima, mmera ndi wopanda pake.
Mphukira yofiirira yathanzi, koma yopepuka pamadulidwe. Masamba, ngati alipo, ayenera kukhala osalala. Kupezeka kwa kusakhazikika pa iwo kungawonetse matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo.
Ndikofunika kugula mbande zokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka
Njira yofikira yokha ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Kukumba dzenje. Kuzama, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kuli ofanana, pafupifupi 60 cm.
- Pansi timathira ngalande - dongo zokulitsidwa, njerwa zosweka. Ngati pali kuthekera kwa chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka - ngalande zingathe kukhala mpaka 25 cm.
- Pamwamba pa ngalande, thirani pansi, mchenga ndi humus (kapena peat) wosakanikirana chimodzimodzi.
- Onjezerani supuni 1-2 za feteleza wovuta, fosholo.
- Chezerani bowo ndi madzi bwinobwino.
- Thirani madziwo pang'ono, kenako chotsani mosamala mumtsuko ndikuuyika m'dzenje.
Mbande zimayikidwa mu bowo lokonzedweratu pamtunda ndikuthirira madzi ambiri.
- Tikugona pansi ndi nthaka, kupwanya mosamala ndi madzi.
Mbande zimayikidwa osati mowongoka, koma poyang'ana panthaka. Chifukwa chake chidzakhala chosavuta kuyiyika nthawi yozizira. Masiku oyamba ochepa, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, ndikuthiriridwa kamodzi masabata awiri - pafupifupi malita 40 pach chitsamba chilichonse.
Chisamaliro cha masika ndi chilimwe
Chapakatikati, mukachotsa pogona, mipesa imayenera kumangirizidwa kwa trellises, ndipo ngakhale masamba asanawonekere, pangani kudyetsa koyamba. Chifukwa chaichi, kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa a nkhuku ndi koyenera. Amasakanizidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 2, kunena sabata, ndiye kuti kulowetsaku kumadzimitsidwa muyezo wa 1: 10. Njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mbeu pamlingo wa 1 litre pachitsamba chilichonse. Sifunika kuthiridwa mwachindunji pansi pa muzu, ndibwino kuti mupange poyambira poyambira ndikuthira feteleza mwa iyo.
Kusintha kukoma kwa zipatso, ndikofunika kuthira feteleza wa potashi. Zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi phulusa. Amabwera ndi mawonekedwe owuma pamtengo wa chidebe 1 pa chomera chilichonse, kapena ngati akuchotsa (kutsanulira madzi ndikuumirira masiku atatu).
Kudya koyamba kumatha kuchitika ngakhale chisanu chisanasungunuke, kufalitsa granular superphosphate pamlingo wa 40 g pa mita imodzi.
Pamene tchire lifika kutalika mita 1.7, muyenera kutsina nsonga. Masamba omwe amabisa inflorescence amachotsedwa. Panthawi yachilimwe youma kuzungulira tchire chilichonse muyenera kupanga poyambira kuti madzi asayende nthawi yothirira ndikufika kumizu. Ndi chinyezi chambiri, makamaka dongo lolemera, muyenera kukumba kudzera m'm ngalande kuti madziwo asawononge.
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Kukula kwa Bush kumayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Simungathe kuiwalitsa kukula kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusamalira ndikuchepetsa zokolola. Pali njira zambiri zopangira chitsamba. Kwa alimi omwe alibe nzeru zakulira mphesa, kudulira kwamiyala komwe kumapangidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 ndi Guyot wolima vinyo atha kukhala oyenera.
- M'dzinja la chaka choyamba, mphukira yachichepere imadulidwa, ndikusiya maso awiri pamwamba panthaka kapena malo oyikidwa katemera.
- M'dzinja la chaka chamawa, umodzi mwa mphukira womwe udapangidwa udulidwe, ndikusiya maso awiri (mfundo yolowererapo), ndipo lachiwiri ndi lalitali, kuchokera kumaso anayi. Udzakhala mtengo wazipatso.
- Kugwa kotsatira (chaka cha 3), mtengo wamphesa wokhala ndi mphukira zonse udulidwa, ndipo kuchokera ku mphukira zomwe zikuluzika ndi mfundo yolowererapo, mfundo yatsopano ndi mpesa watsopano wopangidwa.
M'madera omwe kumatentha ndi kotentha, mawonekedwe a fan bush ndi otchuka. Pankhaniyi, zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, kudulira kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga momwe Guyot amafotokozera, ndipo mchaka chachitatu, mphukira zolimba 3-4 zomwe zimakhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 6 mm zimasankhidwa pachitsamba, chilichonse chimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 50 ndikumangika pansi pa fan ya trellis. Komanso, mphukira zomwe zimakhala kumbali, zimapangitsa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zimapezeka pakatikati - zazifupi. Mwanjira imeneyi, "manja" angapo kapena "zipatso" zimapangidwa.
Mpesa nthawi zambiri umabala zipatso kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kenako umakhala wandiweyani kwambiri komanso wovuta kuyika ngalande yoti nthawi yozizira ithe. Chifukwa chake, "manja" akale amadulidwa, ndikuwasintha ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Kudulira mphesa - chochitika chofunikira kwambiri chaulimi
Zisanu
Kuti zitheke bwino mphesa, mphesa zimachotsedwa mu trellis, zomangirizidwa, nkuzikungika pansi, zikumata ndikuzungidwa ndi madzi osavala madzi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pakumawuma kotero kuti chinyezi chambiri chisalowe m'nyumba. Nthawi yokwanira kugona nyengo yachisanu ndiyambira pakati pa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Novembala. Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kuyenera kukhala kozungulira 0 ° C. Ngati kwatentha kwambiri, "greenhouse" ikapangidwa pansi pa filimuyo, yomwe ingawononge mpesa. Finyani filimuyo ndi nthaka, ndi mulch pamwamba.
Ndikwabwino kwambiri ngati nthawi yozizira kumakhala chipale chofewa m'derali momwe mphesa zimakhalako. Pachifukwa ichi, kusungidwa kwa chisanu kutha kuchitidwa ndi njira zosinthika.
Pakatikati, mulch imachotsedwa chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, ndipo filimuyo imachedwa pang'ono, pomwe mbewu zimayamba kukula. Pankhaniyi, ngati chovalacho chimapereka kuwala, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya upezeka pogona.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Mavuto m'mitundu mitunduyi ndi amodzi. Matenda oyamba kwambiri ndi mafangayi ndi oidium, thonje. Mwa tizirombo, owopsa kwambiri ndi kangaude mite, chimpira cha marble, pepala lazaka ziwiri. Njira zonse ziwiri zamankhwala ndi zaulimi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana nawo.
Gome: Matenda, Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
| Matenda, tizilombo | Mtundu wogonjetsedwa | Njira za nkhondo |
| Mildew (downy mildew) | Matenda ofala kwambiri. Zimakhudza mbali zonse za mmera, mawanga achikasu amawoneka, poyala oyera pamphepete mwa masamba. Kenako ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimasanduka zofiirira ndikufa. | Yothandiza:
Kukonzanso katatu:
|
| Oidium (powdery mildew) | Magawo onse azomera amawoneka ngati owazidwa ndi ufa. Inflorescence omwe akhudzidwa amwalira, ndipo zipatsozo zimasweka kapena ziuma. | Lowetsani:
Nthawi yosinthira imakhala yofanana ndi yofatsa. |
| Spider mite | Zimakhudza masamba, amatembenuka chikasu ndi youma. Izi zimafooketsa mbewuyo, imachulukitsa kukula ndi kucha kwa mphukira, imachepetsa zokolola ndi shuga zomwe zipatso. | Gwiritsani:
Zomera zimagwiridwa ndi nitrafen mpaka masamba atatsegulidwa, ndiye kuti chithandizo chokhazikika chokhala ndi acaricidal kukonzekera kumachitika mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti yankho lagwera patsinde lamasamba, pomwe tizirombo timatulutsa. |
| Chakudya cha Marble | Tizilombo kowopsa. Tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake zimatafuna udzu kuchokera kumizu ya mbewu, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa. | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamwa m'nthaka:
Mankhwalawa amachitika mchaka kapena nthawi yophukira pomwe mphutsi za tizilombo ndizokhazikika. |
| Zolemba za Biennial | Gulugufe yemwe mbozi zake zimadya maluwa, mazira ndi zipatso zowonongeka. | Zomera mu April zimasukidwa ndi mankhwala:
|
Popewa matenda, ndikofunikira kupewa kuteteza zitsamba, kuchotsa mphukira moyenera munthawi yake. Izi zimapereka mpweya wabwino komanso zimakhala ndi chinyezi chobwinobwino. Ndikofunika kutaya zinyalala za chomera ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole, makamaka kumapeto kwa chakudyacho, ndikadzakhala chakudya chochuluka kwa tizirombo.
Chithunzi cha zithunzi: matenda ndi tizirombo ta mphesa
- Chizindikiro chokhala ndi matenda ofewa ndi masamba achikasu pamasamba a mphesa.
- Zomera za Powdery mildew zimawoneka zowazidwa ndi ufa
- Masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi kangaude mite kupindika ndikugwa
- Marble Khrushchev - kachilomboka ka bulauni kokhala ndi miyala yoyera ya elytra
- Timapepala ta zaka ziwiri - gulugufe wokhala ndi mapiko akutsogolo achikaso kudutsa pomwe timadutsa tofiirira
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Aleshenkin ndiye mphesa yanga yoyamba kugulidwa kubiriwira kwathunthu mosazindikira.Ngakhale kunalibe millimeter ya gawo lopepuka.Popanda kusowa nzeru, adapitilirabe chidwi ndikukula, ngakhale ndidasinthanitsa ndikufunafuna malo abwino.Adadwala kwa zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi chimodzi popanda machiritso ndipo nthawi yachilimwe chatha ndidazindikira kuti pali chowawitsa pa izo. Ndidachotsa masango onse, ngakhale anali ambiri a iwo ndikuwachiritsa, ndimafunitsitsa kuti mitunduyi izipsa nthawi iliyonse yotentha, chokoma komanso chokongola. Chaka chino, ngakhale ndi maso odzutsidwa, panali maluwa pamanja achikale, ndi masharubu ndi mphesa, ziwiri, koma makamaka zitatu, masango .. Ngakhale zinali zoyipa bwanji, adasiya imodzi. Tsopano ndikuthira mankhwala. Ndifunadi kuziteteza ku matenda. Komabe, sindingakane Alyoshenkin. Bola ndiyenera kusamala.
Lala//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=672&p=339736
Aleshenkin ndiye mphesa yoyamba pa chiwembu changa mpaka pano chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri, mtundu wanthawi zonse womwe ndimayerekezera mitundu yonse kuti mulawe, kucha.
Victor Grebenichenko//new.rusvinograd.ru/viewtopic.php?t=61
Aleshenkin, monga mlengi wake, ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Koma ngati mungazolowere, ndizodabwitsa. Ndili ndi mipesa iwiri kukhoma: Mu 2007, idakhwima pofika pa 10 Ogasiti, ndipo ili kumadera apansi.
Talinka//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527
Sitimakula mitundu yambiri, koma Aleshenkin imawonedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri. Osachepera kukumbukira kuti tili ndi madigiri makumi atatu chisanu chilichonse nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti amavutika nthawi yozizira. Ndipo ali ndi nthawi kuti akhwime, zomwe zimakondweretsa wopanga vinyo wakumpoto.
Reg Nthawi Yakale//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527&page=3
Palibe mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zopweteka zake. Aleshenkin ndiwonso. Koma izi, ndizachidziwikire, ndizosiyanasiyana, chuma chathu chadziko, choyenera kulemekezedwa, chisamaliro ndi chikondi.
