Kukula phwetekere ku Urals si ntchito yophweka, ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa yotentha, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa mpweya. Komabe, poganizira zomwe obereketsa amapanga mitundu yokhazikika ndi ma hybrids, zimakhala zosavuta kukula mbewu zabwino za phwetekere ngakhale panthaka. Osachepera, masamba awa ku Urals adasiya kukhala kunja kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nyanya ikukula mdziko la Urals
Nthawi zambiri, madera osiyanasiyana komanso Republic of Urals amakhala ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Nyengo zakumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa dera la Ural ndizosiyana kwambiri. Northern Urals imadziwika ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, pomwe gawo lakumwera ndilabwino kwambiri kulima bwino, kuphatikizira kulima mitundu ya phwetekere yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yakucha.
Nyengo ya Middle Urals siyabwino kwenikweni kubzala tomato m'nthaka yosatetezedwa: nthawi yakusowa kwa mpweya woipa imatha osakwana miyezi itatu. Ngakhale zili choncho, palibe dimba lamasamba lokha lomwe lomwe limatha popanda tomato ku Urals. Zowona, iwo amabzala makamaka mu malo obiriwira; m'nthaka yosatetezeka, malinga ndi ntchito yomanga malo osakhalitsa, mitundu yokha yochenjera kwambiri yomwe ili ndi nthawi yakucha.
M'madera ambiri a Urals, mitundu yamakono ya phwetekere ndi ma hybrids amasankhidwa, omwe amakhala opweteka kwambiri komanso osagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, Boni-M woyamba, Belo-M wapakatikati, Velozma ndi Malinovka, nyengo yoyambirira kucha Raspberry Viscount ndi Kumpoto, smilyansky Rudas ndi ena. Mitundu yakale kwambiri, yoyenera, mwachitsanzo, Alpatyeva 905 A, Quiz, Volgogradets, Gruntovy Gribovsky 11 , Ochenjera a ku Siberia, Kudzaza koyera, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthaka Gribovsky, zoona, si mitundu yamtundu yabwino kwambiri, koma kukoma kwake ndikabwino kwambiri, ndipo ukadaulo wazomera ndiwosavuta
Komwe nyengo ili yofanana ndi nyengo yapakati pakatikati, amayesa kubzala mitundu yokhazikika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri m'nthaka yosatetezedwa, ndi tomato wamtali wamtunda wobiriwira. M'magawo a Middle Urals, ndipo makamaka kumpoto, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza amabzalidwa mwapadera basi. Nyumba zamatenthedwe zamasiku ano zimatha kugwira ntchito pafupifupi chaka chonse, pomwe nyumba zobiriwira zanyimbo, kuphatikiza zopangidwa kunyumba, zimatha kuwonjezera nthawi yakula tomato pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu poyerekeza ndi malo otseguka, komanso izi ndizokwanira kupeza zokolola zabwinobwino ku Urals.
Kukula mbande
Ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza mbewu ya phwetekere osakula mbande, komanso makamaka ku Urals. Koma kukonzekeretsa mbande zapamwamba kunyumba ndi ntchito yomwe munthu angagwire nayo; osachepera, kutentha kwa nyumba wamba mumzinda kumakhala koyenera izi.
Nthawi ndi njira yofesa mbewu za mbande
Simuyenera kuthamangira kubzala tomato. Mukayamba kuchita izi molawirira, mutha kukhala pamalo pomwe mbande zakonzeka, ndipo nyengo yanyengo sakulolani kuti mubzale m'mundamo. Mbande zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato zimayenera kukhalabe m'mabokosi kapena m'miphika masiku 45 mpaka 60. M'madera a Ural, mitundu yoyambirira imabzalidwe, zipatso zomwe zimacha miyezi itatu ndi itatu pambuyo pofesa. Mbewu zawo ku Urals, ngakhale mu wowonjezera kutentha, zibzalidwe popanda mantha pokhapokha pa Meyi. Mukawonjezera sabata kuti kumera mbeu, zikukwanira kuti kufesa mbande sikuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa Marichi.
Pankhani ya mitundu yokhwima kwambiri (Biathlon, Gavrosh, etc.), mutha kudikirira sabata ina, apo ayi muyenera kubzala mbande ndi thumba losunga mazira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzika mizu m'malo atsopano. Mbande zitha kusamutsidwa kuti zikhale pakati pa Juni, chifukwa chake sikoyenera kufesa mbewu m'mbuyomu kuposa theka loyamba la Epulo.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi
Mbande za phwetekere zitha kupezeka pafupifupi dothi lililonse, koma ziyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kupuma. Kuphatikizidwa kwa peat, humus ndi malo abwino a turf, otengedwa wofanana, amakwaniritsa zofunikira izi. Phulusa la nkhuni zingapo limatengedwanso pamtsuko wotere, pambuyo pake, mwina, mbande sizidzafunika ndikudyetsa. Kusagwirizana kwa nthaka ndikutulutsa ndi yankho la pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate makamaka kumatsimikizira kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa mbande ndizochepa, ndikosavuta kugula nthaka m'sitolo
Akasinja
Mutha kubzala nyemba mumaphika amodzi, makamaka peat, koma kufesa kumachitika koyamba m'mabokosi kapena m'mabokosi, kuyambira pamenepo, pakatha masiku 10-12, mbande zimabzalidwa "kukhazikika" muzipinda za anthu ena kapena bokosi lalikulu. Kukoka (kukhala ndi kudinikiza muzu) kumathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa mbande za phwetekere.
Mabokosi osakhalitsa osakhalitsa ndi makatoni amakatoni amkati opangidwa kuchokera mkaka kapena madzi. Mbali imodzi yayikulu imadulidwamo, ndipo mabowo okumba angapo amapangidwa mbali inayo. Ndikofunika kuti kutalika kwa dothi kusachepera masentimita 5. Ndipo kuti mbira izikhala yocheperako, mutha kugula miphika yapakatikati kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apulasitiki kapena mapepala okhala ndi 250 ml kapena kupitirira. Ngati pali tchire lambiri, ndipo mulibe malo okwanira pawindo, mabokosi amatabwa amtundu uliwonse wosavuta, okhala ndi kutalika kwa 8 cm kapena kupitilira apo, amapangidwa.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Nthawi zambiri mbewu zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'matumba zimakonzedwa kale kuti zibzale ndipo palibe chomwe chikuyenera kuchita nawo. Komabe, izi sizabwino nthawi zonse pazikhalidwe za Urals: apa mbewu ziyenera kulimbitsidwa isanafesedwe. Ndipo kuumitsa kumaphatikizapo kulimbitsa thupi musanayambe kutupa. Chifukwa chake, kugula mbewu yokonzedwa sikungakhale kopindulitsa pachuma. Pogula, komanso makamaka ndi mbewu zanu, ndibwino kuyendetsa ntchito yonse yokonzekera. Izi ndi:
- Kuletsa Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugwedeza mbewu mu saline 3%. Mbeu zomwe siziname patapita mphindi zochepa zisabzalidwe. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbewu zimayenera kuchapidwa ndi madzi oyera.
Mlimi “wamaso akulu” amatha kutola mbewu zazikulu m'manja, koma kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya saline ndikosavuta
- Chizindikiro. Imachitika kwa mphindi 20-25 mu njira yamdima ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndiye mbewu zimatsukanso ndi madzi.
Kuti muthe kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo, njira ya potaziyamu permanganate iyenera kukhala yamdima
- Zilowerere mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza njere zina.
Palibe chifukwa chodikirira kuti muwoneke mizu yayitali: zidzakhala zovuta kugwira ntchito ndi njere zotere
- Kusamalira. Mbewu zingapo zikaonetsa mizu, njere zonse mu nsalu imodziyi zimayikidwa m'firiji kwa masiku atatu. Nthawi ndi nthawi amatengedwa kuti azitha kutentha kwa maola awiri awiri ndikuibwezera.
Kufesa mbewu
Mbewu zokonzedwa zimafesedwa m'bokosi kapena bokosi lakuya pafupifupi 1.5 cm. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi motere.
- Zidafotokozedwa m'nthaka zathiridwa m'bokosi, zofunikira zakuya, 4-5 masentimita kuchokera kwa mnzake. Mbeu zosakidwa zimayikidwamo.
Pofesa mbewu khumi ndi ziwiri kapena ziwiri, bokosi lililonse losafunikira ndiloyenera
- Dzazani nyemba ndi dothi, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba ndiyani matalala a 3-4 cm. Ngati sichikhalanso pamenepo, ingothirirani mbewuzo, koma kuti tisasambe mwangozi mbewu.
Ikasungunuka, chipale chofewa chimasungunula nthaka, amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yaying'ono yoyambitsa
- Amaphimba bokosilo ndi galasi ndikutumiza kumalo otentha, kutentha kwabwino kuli pafupifupi 25 zaC.
- Mbande zidzawonekera pakatha sabata. Bokosilo limasamutsidwira pawindo loyatsa bwino. Kwa masiku 4-5, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha masana mpaka 16-18 ° C, ndipo usiku wina madigiri 2-3 otsika. Pambuyo pake, pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere mpaka 20-24 zaC.
Simuyenera kudikirira kuti mbande zonse ziwonekere: zidutswa zochepa ndizizindikiro kuti muchepetse kutentha
Kusamalira mmera wa phwetekere
Ngati sabata loyamba la moyo wa mmera (m'kuwala komanso kuzizira) litapita mwakachetechete, chisamaliro chowonjezereka sichimabweretsa mavuto akulu. Ndikofunika kuti musakweze kutentha pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndikuwapatsa mbande zabwino. Kuwala kwa tsiku sikufunikira kukulitsidwa, koma kuwala kwa kuwala kuyenera kukhala kokwanira. Mungafunike kukongoletsa kuwala kwa kumbuyo, koma osati nyali za incandescent. Njira yabwino ndi phytolamp yapadera.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira mbande kumayenera kukhala kosowa komanso koyenera. Chovuta chachikulu ndikuti mudzaze mbande musanaze madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, chiopsezo chotaya mbewu chimakhala pafupifupi 100%. Kuchulukana kumakhala kowopsa makamaka pamene mbande sizinalorebe, komanso kuphatikiza kutentha ndi kuwala. Poterepa, matenda amiyendo yakuda ndi kufa komwe kwaposachedwa kwa mbande yonse kuli pafupifupi kotsimikizika.
Kutsirira kumachitika pamene nthaka ili youma bwino. Madzi ayenera kumwedwa ofunda (25-30 zaC) ndikukhazikika. Ndizovuta kutchula pafupipafupi kuthirira, koma izi siziri tsiku lililonse. Kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, zimachitika, pamafunika milungu ingapo isanabzalidwe m'mundawo, ngati mbande zikukula, ndipo m'bokosi mumadzaza anthu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ngati nthaka ya mbande itapangidwa molondola, mutha kuchita popanda kudyetsa: mbande zokhazokha ndizoyipa kuposa zomwe zimadyedwa pakudya. Koma ngati mbewu zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo masamba ake akupindika kapena kutembenukira chikasu, kuvala pamwamba ndikofunikira. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta uliwonse, ndipo nthawi zina phulusa lokwanira lamatanda.
Malinga ndi malamulowo, kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kamodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri atalowa pansi, ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito azofos. Chotsatira - pokhapokha ngati pakufunikira. Komabe, ndibwino kusakhazikitsa nayitrogeni: sikofunikira kuti mbande zikule mwanjira ya mitengo yayikulu yomwe ndizovuta kubzala pansi. Koma kulowetsedwa phulusa kumathiriridwa madzi masabata angapo musanatsitsidwe m'mundamo.
Sankhani
Pickling ndi yofunika kwambiri, ngati sikofunikira, gawo pakulima mbande ya phwetekere. Mbewu zikasinthidwa kuti zisale makapu, mphamvu zawo, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere, ziyenera kukhala 250 mpaka 700 ml, ngati zili m'bokosi lalikulu - mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 7 cm.
Maupangiri ambiri akuwonetsa kuti kutola kumachitika mu gawo la masamba atatu enieni. Ngakhale ineyo pandekha sizivuta kuchita izi pang'ono. Ngati dothi ndi labwino, ndiye kuti patatha sabata, pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenera, phwetekere imakula bwino, ndipo masamba omwe akuyembekezeka akungotuluka.
Maola 2-3 asanachite opareshoni, mbande zimamwetsedwa mowolowa manja. M'mabotolo atsopano, mabowo amapangidwa ndi chinthu chakuthwa, ndipo mbande zazing'ono zimakumbidwa. Pamaso kubzala, mmera umakonzedwa pang'ono ndi lumo kapena msomali (1-1,5 cm) wa muzu wapakati (ngati utakula kale, ungakhale pakati). Mbande amazikika kuti masamba cotyledonous pamwamba padziko lapansi. Pofinyira mizu ndikuthirira mbewu ndi madzi ofunda. Kwa masiku angapo, mbande sizimapereka kuwala kwamphamvu, kenako zimapitiliza kuchita zonse, monga kale.
Zotengera zabwino kwambiri zodyera ndi mapoto a peat, koma amangotenga malo ambiri
Kuzikongoletsa
Masiku 12-15 asanabzalire m'mundamo, phwetekere amazolowera zinthu zovuta: poyamba amatsegula mawindo, kenako amawatengera kukhonde. Inde, kutentha kumeneko kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 10 zaC, ndi nthawi yolimba iyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono: choyamba pafupi mphindi 20, ndiye - kwa tsiku lonse. Kuphatikiza apo, sabata yatha, mbande amazolowanso madzi osowa, omwe amachepetsa kuthirira. Mbande zabwino siziyenera kukhala zazitali komanso zopyapyala. Iyenera kukhala yolimba, kukhala ndi masamba obiriwira pamtunda wakuda.
Thirani mbande m'munda
Mutha kubzala mbande m'mundamo pamene dothi lakuya masentimita 10-15 limatentha mpaka 14 zaC. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa tsiku masana kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 21-25 zaC. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ku Middle Urals, kumapeto kwa Meyi, kubzala mbande m'munda nthawi zambiri sikofunikira. Ndipo monga choncho, popanda pogona, kubzala mbande m'nthaka yosatetezedwa kutha kukhala pachiwopsezo ngakhale pakati pa Juni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kumanga nyumba yaying'ono yobiriwira kuchokera pazinthu zilizonse kuti aphimbe malowo ndi mafilimu kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu. Ngakhale, zowonadi, chaka ndi chaka sizofunikira, ndibwino kupumira m'madzi ...
Makhalidwe otentha amagwira ntchito ponse potseguka komanso potetezedwa. Chifukwa chake, mu wowonjezera kutentha mbande nthawi zambiri zibzalidwe pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi. Koma kumpoto, ngakhale mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kupangira mabedi ofunda omwe kuziziritsa kwakanthawi osawopa phwetekere.
Mabedi ofunda ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizidwa padziko lapansi (masamba, nthambi, zinyalala, manyowa, ndi zina), zomwe zimapangitsanso mizu ya mbewu zikaola.
Tomato amakonda mabedi owala bwino otetezedwa ku mphepo zakumpoto. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi a pansi samakhala pafupi ndi nthaka, mtunda siwade. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi mandimu, kabichi, masamba azu, saladi. Mabedi amakonzedwa kale asanabzalidwe, kuwasanja ndi feteleza. Tomato amafunikira phosphorous, ngakhale atakhala ndi humus ndi phulusa lamatabwa, 30-40 g ya superphosphate pa 1 mita2 sichikhala chopanda tanthauzo.
Ku Urals, ndichizolowezi chodzala tomato mwachizolowezi kuposa madera otentha. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yotsika mtengo imabzalidwa pambuyo pa 30-35 masentimita, kutalika mpaka masentimita 45, ndikutalikirana-pang'onopang'ono masentimita 50-60. Izi ndi chifukwa, pazinthu zina, pakufunika kwakuti kubisa kubzala kwa chisanu. Yesani kuyandikira madzulo kapena kwamvula.
Zitsime zokumbidwa pasadakhale ndi madzi ambiri, ndipo mbande mu kabokosi ndimadzi nawonso zimathiriridwa. Amayesa kutulutsa mbande ndi dothi lalikulupo: ndikamachita izi moyenera, mwachangu imazika mizu. Ngati mbande yakula, simuyenera kukumba mabowo, koma maudzu omwe tomato amawokedwa mosabisalira. Koma ndibwino kuti musabweretse izi, koma kuti mukule mbande zabwino ndikuzibzala mwadongosolo, kungokuza pang'ono. Mutabzala tomato, theka la ndowa limathiridwa m'dzenje lililonse, kenako osakhudzidwa kwa sabata limodzi.
Dothi lonse likadzakhala, mbande zake zimayamba kumera
Zowona, kuti "musakhudze" amatanthauza nyengo yabwino. Ngati kuli kutentha, muyenera kuthilira madzi tsiku limodzi. Ngati madzi oundana asanafike - kuphimba mbewu usiku ndikuchotsa pogona masana. Mutha kuchotsa kwathunthu pogona pambuyo pa June 20. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yayitali, ndiyofunika kuyendetsa njerwa pamiyala, kapena mwina zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zimayenera kumangidwa kwa iwo pomwepo.
Kubzala mbewu
Njira zopanda pake zokulira phwetekere zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi pokhudzana ndi kutuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids omwe amalimbana ndi kuzizira ndikucha mwachangu kwambiri. Mu Urals ,ukadaulo uwu siophweka kugwiritsa ntchito, koma machitidwe umagwira. Ili ndi zabwino zodziwika chifukwa chakuti mbewu sizikhala ndi nkhawa posintha malo okhala, ndipo wosamalira mundawo amasulidwa ku kufunika kokhala malo onse m'nyumba ndi zokoka ndi mbande.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Zachidziwikire, ku Urals, njira yopanda mbeu ndiyotheka kokha pogwiritsa ntchito malo osungira mafilimu osakhalitsa. Mbewu zofesedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi filimu iwiri kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Popeza njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mitundu yokhazikika yoyambira, mabowo amatha kukonza mwadongosolo, pamtunda wa pafupifupi 30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake (poyang'ana patali), yomwe imathandizira pomanga nyumba zogona.
Bedi limakonzedwa pasadakhale: nyengo ikangolowa, imathiridwa ndimadzi otentha ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu yotenthetsera. Mbewu 4-5 zimayikidwa mu dzenje lakuya pafupifupi 1.5 cm, ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda ndikuphimbidwanso ndi filimu.
M'malo mwa kanema, kuti musayang'ane kutuluka kwa mbande, mutha kuphimba bwino chilichonse ndi botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa, koma pamwamba pamundawo wonse mulimonse, pamwamba pa mabotolo, kuphimba koyamba ndi filimu kapena spanbond.
Kusamalira mbewu zotere ndizachilendo, koma muyenera kuyang'anira nyengo nthawi zonse: chotsani pogona, kenako ndikubwezeretsa pamalo ake. Nthawi ikakwana, mbande ziwiri zatsala m'mabowo. Palibe kutola kumachitika, tchire zimathiriridwa ngati pakufunika. Ndi njirayi, tomato amakula bwino kuposa nthawi ya mbande zakunyumba, koma amabala zipatso patatha milungu iwiri itatu. Inde, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yoyenera izi ndikochepa, koma pali zambiri zomwe mungasankhe, mwachitsanzo: Zosasinthika, Zokolola za Vologda, Iceberg, Kuphulika, Amur Dawn, Maapulo Mu Chipale.
Kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga malo otseguka, izi zokha zitha kuchitidwa pang'ono, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ikukwanira. Malo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi okwera mtengo, kotero kuti wamaluwa akuyesera kubzala pamenepo osati mitundu yokhazikika kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino kuchuluka kwa kutentha.
Pofuna kuti musakhumudwe, ndibwino kusinthiratu ndi dothi lobiriwira kuyambira pakugwa, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, tengani mankhwala oyamwa kale ndi kuthira yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena mkuwa sulfate. Chapakatikati, mabedi amakonzedwa ndikuyambitsa feteleza wokwanira m'nthaka ndikuwotha nthawi isanakwane. Kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kuchitika zochulukirapo, koma amayesetsa kuti asasiye zoposa 50 cm pakati pa mabowo.
Chisamaliro
Mukamasamalira tomato, ntchito yodziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa imachitidwa: kuthilira, kuvala pamwamba, kulima, ndi zina.
Kulima kwakunja
Tomato sangawonedwe ngati chisa, koma amayenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi, kamodzi pa sabata. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi madzulo, madzi m'matanki akatenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatengera nyengo komanso mtundu wa dothi, koma simungathe kudzaza bedi musanasunthe. Kuyanika kwamphamvu dothi sikuyenera kuloledwa, makamaka munthawi yamaluwa ndi kukula kwa zipatso. Amathiriridwa kotero kuti dothi limanyowa kumizere yonse yakuya. Pa kucha zipatso, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mpaka tchire litakula, kuthilira kapena mvula iliyonse, nthaka imamasulidwa, limodzi ndi njirayi mosavuta ndikuwononga namsongole. Masabata awiri mutabzala mbande, phwetekere limadyetsedwa, kenako ndikugwirira ntchito mobwerezabwereza pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe, tomato amafunikira michere yonse, kenako amakankhira nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kaphikidwe, poyamba sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, koma zipatsozo zikapsa, superphosphate ndi phulusa la nkhuni lomwe limatsala.
Phulusa la nkhuni ndiwofunika kwambiri komanso pafupifupiufulu waufulu
Ku Urals, akuyesera kukula mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda, koma kumapeto kwa chilimwe kuopseza kwa blight kumapeto kuli kwakukulu kwa phwetekere iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, osachepera Fitosporin kapena Ridomil, kumachitika kangapo. Usiku wozizira ukayamba, ngati nkotheka kale kuphimba mbewu zachikulire, muyenera kuchotsa tomato onse, kuphatikiza osapsa, ndikumaliza nyengo pazomwezi.
Mitundu yambiri yodziwika yomwe amayesera kubzala mu Urals poyera, pafupifupi safuna mapangidwe a tchire. Komabe, ndikwabwino kuwerenga izi mosamalitsa pamafotokozedwe amitundu ina. Mwina pa chikwama chokhala ndi njere zidzalembeka kuti mbewuyo imapangidwa pawiri kapena katatu. Poterepa, zidzakhala zofunikira kusiya mwana mmodzi kapena awiri mwamphamvu (otsika kwambiri), ndipo ena onse achotsedwe mwadongosolo.
Tomato womata safunika kumangidwa, enawo ayenera kumangirizidwa ndi zikhomo zolimba.
Kuphatikiza pa kutsina, m'mene tchire limakulira, muyenera kuchotsa masamba owonjezera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ku Urals, chifukwa tchire zobzalidwa ndizokulirapo kuposa masiku onse, ndipo mabowo olimba amatenga matenda. Masamba owonjezera amachedwetsa kucha. Chifukwa chake, pamene akutembenukira chikasu, masamba amawang'ambika mwadongosolo, kuyambira kumiyeso yotsika.
Pali mapulani osiyanasiyana opangira tchire la phwetekere; pakupuma, aliyense wosamalira dimba ayenera kuphunzira mabuku oyenerera
Kulima wowonjezera kutentha
Kusamalira tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikofanana ndi malo otseguka, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe. Amalumikizidwa ndikuti chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda dothi lonyowa, koma limakonda mpweya wouma. Ngati chinyezi chimaposa 70%, ndizotheka kuponya maluwa. Chifukwa chake, wowonjezera kutentha akuyenera kupatsidwanso mwadongosolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulima mitengo yobiriwira kwa tomato kwa anthu okhala chilimwe omwe angayendere malowa kumapeto kwa sabata ndizosayenera kwenikweni.
Njuchi sizimawulukira mu wowonjezera kutentha, kotero maluwa ayenera kuthandizidwa kupukutira mungu. Chitani izi pongogwedeza tchire nthawi zina. Pambuyo poyenda mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kupopera tchire ndi madzi a Bordeaux: chiwopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus m'malo otetezedwa ndiokwera kuposa m'munda wotseguka.
Chisamaliro chochulukirapo chikuyenera kulipiridwa kumalo obwezeretsera mitengo ndikupanga tchire. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yayitali, yosakhazikika imabzalidwa mwa iyo, ndipo imatha kukula mopanda malire. Chifukwa chake, kufunika kwotsina kukula pomwe kutalika kwa chitsamba kufikira pamlingo woyenera kumawonjezeredwa pochotsa ma stepons. Muyenera kuti muwachotse masamba owonjezera pafupipafupi kuposa malo otseguka: pambuyo pake, kuwunikira komwe kumakhala kotentha kumakhala kotsika, ndipo chipatso kuti chikhwime, muyenera kupanga kutseguka kwawo kokwanira dzuwa.
Kanema: Tomato wowonjezera kutentha ku Urals
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tsoka ilo, tomato sangatchulidwe chikhalidwe chopanda zovuta: mndandanda wa matenda ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhalamo ndimosangalatsa, lingalirani za vutoli limapitilira gawo la nkhaniyi. Ngakhale titangotchula mwachidule matenda owopsa, zimapezeka kuti tiyenera kulankhula za bowa, ma virus ndi mabakiteriya. Matendawa amatha kuyamba ndikuwonongeka kwa gawo lililonse la mbewu, koma nthawi zambiri imafalikira kuchitsamba chonse. Otsatirawa akhoza kuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa matenda ambiri a phwetekere.
- Mose ndi matenda oopsa avairasi, pachiwonetsero pomwepo pomwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi masamba otumphuka komanso mawonekedwe amaso otuwa pakhungu, omwe amafalikira mpaka kumiyeso ndi zipatso. Kuthandizira kwa njere musanafese njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda. Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, mbewu zopatsirana ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalowo posachedwa ndikuwonongeka.
Mose, monga nthenda iliyonse yama virus, sangathe kuthandizidwa
- Blight yamadzulo ndi matenda odziwika bwino a fungus omwe amadziwonetsa pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, nyengo yozizira komanso yonyowa. Zizindikiro ndi mawanga a bulauni omwe amawoneka pamasamba ndi zipatso zonse. Kupewa matendawa kumatengera kwambiri kutentha ndi chinyezi, kuchepetsa kuthilira masamba, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mbewu. Zithandizo za mankhwala a folks za izi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo ndi adyo ndi kuphatikizira pang'ono kwa potaziyamu permanganate. Kukonzekera kogwira mtima kwambiri ndi Fitosporin ndi Barrier, komanso Bordeaux madzi, koma amatha kuwagwiritsira ntchito kale nthawi yokolola isanayambe.
Chovulala - mliri wa phwetekere m'malo onse ozizira
- Vertex zowola - matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa madzi munthaka, komanso potaziyamu ndi calcium yam'mimba. Pamwamba pa mwana wosabadwayo, pamakhala mawonekedwe oyera oyera obowola omwe mwana amayambira. Vuto ndikuti zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimatenga matenda ena mosavuta. Kupewa kumakhala ndi tekinoloji yoyenera yaulimi; monga lamulo, kukonza kwa maboma kumabweretsa kuti zowola sizimapanga zipatso zatsopano.
Vertex rot imakonda kupezeka pa zipatso zoyambirira, koma kenako zimayamba zochepa
- Powdery mildew imawoneka chimodzimodzi pazomera zina zamasamba: fumbi loyera pamasamba. Kenako imalowa zilonda, masamba amauma ndikufa. Mutha kuchiritsa matendawa: chifukwa cha izi, wowerengeka azitsamba (infusions wa adyo kapena phulusa), ndi mankhwala oopsa: Fundazole kapena Topaz ndi oyenera. Ndikofunikira ngati matenda aletsa kudya kwa nayitrogeni, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Powdery mildew sindiyo matenda oopsa, koma ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu
Tizilombo toyipitsitsa kwambiri, mwina, ndi chimbalangondo - kachilombo kosaoneka bwino kwambiri komwe kamakhala pansi mobisalira ndikukuta tsinde, pambuyo pake ndikugwa ndikuuma. Medvedka amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi dziwe, amakonda dothi lonyowa. Ndikakhala ndi nyumba yachilimwe pagombe la dziwe, chimbalangondo chimayenera kuwonongedwa mazana, chomera chilichonse chidabzalidwa m'bokosi loteteza lomwe limapangidwa ndi polyethylene wandiweyani kapena chokhozera chachitsulo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchotsa chimbalangondo, ngakhale pali njira zambiri zopangidwira. Zikuwoneka kuti, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Thunder ndi Medvetox.
Mtundu umodzi wa chimbalangondo umayambitsa mantha komanso mantha
Mwa tizilombo tina, zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kutchulapo.
- Tizilombo ta Chafer (Khrushchev) ndi kachilomboka kakakulu, ndipo mphutsi zake ndizabwino kwambiri. Pokhala m'nthaka, amadya pamizu yazomera, kuphatikizapo tomato, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawafikitsa. Kuphatikiza pa kuphatikiza mphutsi pakakumba nthaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera Antichrush ndi Rembek.
Maybug amakonda kwambiri kugwira ana, koma ndi munda wowononga tizilombo
- Ma nsabwe ndi imodzi mwazomera za masamba. Tizilomboti ndi tating'ono, koma timakhala m'midzi ikuluikulu. Colouring - kuchokera wobiriwira mpaka wakuda. Pokhala pamphepete mwa masamba, nsabwe za m'masamba zimayamwa kuyamwa kwa mbewuzo, zomwe zimatha kufa. Ma aphid amawopa kulowetsedwa kwa fodya, koma ndi kuwukira kwakukuru kokha mankhwala atizilombo, mwachitsanzo Confidor maxi, thandizo.
Mukakhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zambiri, zimasunthira kumtunda kwa masamba, ndikuziwononga mwachangu
- Spider mite ndizomera zomwe zimakonda kuzizira m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Amakwapula masamba am'mbali, kenako ndikuwamwetsa msuzi. Kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi peel kapena adyo molondola kumayendetsa tizilombo. Ngati ndizambiri za izo, ndikofunikira kuyika Fitoverm kapena Actellik.
Kuyambira masamba, tsamba limapita kumadera ena kuthengo, ndikuphimba zipatso
Kututa ndi kusunga
Ku Urals, simuyenera kudikirira kuti tomato athenso kuthengo. Amayenera kuchotsedwa osapsa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale utadulidwa pang'ono, apo ayi mutha kutaya gawo mwachilungamo. Koma tomato amapsa mwangwiro mchipinda, atagona pawindo, ndipo zipatso zomwe zapsa mwanjira imeneyi sizoyipa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zatsika mpaka atakhwima kwathunthu kumatchire. Monga lamulo, tomato woderapo "amafikira" mu imodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunika kuchenjeza kuti tisamadye tomato wobiriwira kwathunthu. Ngati atakula kale mpaka kuchuluka kwakukulu kotheka, amatha kupsa ndikuchotsedwa, ngakhale kukoma kwake sikungafanane. Ngati zipatso zobiriwira zisankhidwa koyambirira, ndizotheka kuti zimakwinya kapena kuvunda. Kwa mitundu yakucha yakucha, njira iyi siyiyenera kuganiziridwa ngakhale mu zikhalidwe za Urals: amakhala ndi nthawi yakucha pa tchire pafupifupi mwathunthu, koma ndi mitundu yakukula kwapakatikati kapena kwapakatikati, munthu ayenera kusamala. Komabe, ngati kutentha kumatsika mpaka 5-6 zaNdikwabwino kuchotsa zipatso zonse zokhwima.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za vuto lakumapeto ndi chizindikiritso cha kuthekera kwathunthu kwa phweteke kucha komanso kuchotsedwa tchire, ngakhale zitawonekera kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Tsoka ilo, panthawiyi, tomato ku Urals adayamba kale kuvuta kupulumutsa, muyenera kukhala wokhutira kuti mwatha kukula. Ndipo ndikwabwino kuti musabzale masamba aposachedwa kucha.
Tomato wobiriwira womaliza amayala pansi pa kama; ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi nthawi yoti azichita manyazi
Moyo wa alumali wa tomato wakucha ndi yaying'ono: kutentha kwa firiji kwa mitundu yambiri sikupita milungu iwiri. Komabe, ngati mutenga zipatso zouma ndi zoyera zomwe sizinakhwime bwino ndikuziyika mosamala m'bokosi lamatabwa chotsekeracho chatsekedwa, ndiye mu chipinda chozizira komanso chotseguka chimatha kugona kwa miyezi iwiri. Tomato woderapo pang'ono amasungidwa nthawi yayitali ngati aliyense atakulungidwa mu pepala ndikukulungidwa mu bokosi lokutidwa ndi udzu, lomwe limayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi panthaka. Tomato wotere, wotulutsidwa pa Disembala 27-28, amatha kukhala chokongoletsera cha gome la Chaka Chatsopano.
Kanema: kumatola tomato ku Urals
Ndizachidziwikire kuti ndizovuta kulima tomato wokoma ku Urals kuposa dera Lower Volga, koma ndikudziwa pang'ono ulimi, izi ndizotheka. Malo onse obiriwira komanso dothi losatetezeka ndi oyenera kumera tomato. Ngati mumasankha mitundu yoyenera ndikuyesetsa, ndizotheka kupatsa banjali zinthu zabwino za vitamini pachaka chonse.
