Mascot si achilendo m'minda yamphesa yaposachedwa; posakhalitsa izi zidzakhala zaka makumi atatu. Nthawi ina, zidayambitsa chisokonezo pakati pa akatswiri chifukwa cha zipatso zake zazikuluzikulu, kuzizira kozizira komanso kukana matenda. Pakadali pano, si mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri, koma nthawi zina imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakuswana, kufotokozera zabwino zake pakupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa.
Mbiri ya kulima mphesa Talisman
Talisman - mphesa zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya matebulo, ndizotsatira zamiyeso pakati pa asayansi apakhomo a mphesa Frumoasa Albe (Kukongola Koyera) ndi Chisangalalo. Malo omwe zimayambira haibridi ndi Novocherkassk, labotale ya All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture ndi Winemaking otchedwa J.I. Potapenko. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Vostorg monga "kholo" lalikulu pamalondowu, motsogozedwa ndi I.A. Kostrikin, mitundu yambiri ya haibridi idapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, Alex, Muscat Delight, Golden Don, Tamerlan, Timur, Talisman, Sashenka ndi ena.
Mothandizidwa ndi mphesa za Vortorg, mzere wathunthu wa hybrids wokhala ndi zokometsera zilizonse utapezeka
Zophatikiza zonsezi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi asayansi pantchito yotsatira kubereka. Nthawi yomweyo, imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zikuyenda bwino pantchito yonse ndi Talisman. Choyamba, adadziwonetsa yekha ngati mwini chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chonde chambiri, komanso ngati chisonyezo chachikulu. Munali pamaziko a Talisman ndi zina zotumphukira za mphesa za Delight momwe kupita patsogolo kunayambira pakupanga mitundu yatsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakukulu pantchito zamaluwa ku Amateur. Kwazaka makumi angapo, Sosaiti yapanga mitundu yambiri ya mphesa zanyunyu za matebulo zokhala ndi machitidwe apamwamba amitundu ambiri omwe amasiyana ndi kukoma, mtundu ndi nthawi yakucha.
Talisman yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1990, ndiye kuti, ndi kale lakale pantchito zamalonda komanso zamakampani.
Pakupita kwa zaka, adapeza mayina ena ambiri: Kesha-1, Kesha-Muscat, Super Kesha, ndi zina zotero, kotero kuti wolimi wosadziwa zambiri amatha kusokonezeka m'mawu amawu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali lingaliro kuti awa sianimodzimodzi konse, ndipo mayina onse omwe adalembedwawo amatanthauza, ngakhale amafanana, komabe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wosakanizidwa.
Mascot adapangidwa chifukwa cha projekiti yayikulu yasayansi yolenga kupeza mitundu yama mphesa yosagwirizana ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zomwe sizigwirizana ndi chisanu ndi matenda. Mukugwira ntchitoyi, zinali zotheka kupeza zipatso zazikuluzikulu zolemera 20 g zokhala ndi kukoma kosasinthika komanso chiwonetsero chabwino cha magulu. Zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu: kuthana ndi matenda ndikusunga chisanu m'zakazo (mpaka -25 ° C). Chilatacho chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kupangira mitundu yatsopano.
Komabe, mitunduyi ilinso ndi zovuta zina, zomwe pakadali pano zakhumudwitsa alimi ambiri, poyambirira - kufunika kosankha opukutira mungu. Pakadali pano, chidwi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chadutsa, popeza mitundu yatsopano yambiri yawoneka yomwe siyotsika ndi Chifaniziro pakukula kwa zipatso ndipo alibe mavuto chifukwa cha kupukutidwa. Komabe, monga akunenera, "kavalo wakale sawononga mzere", ndipo pantchito yosankha, komwe muyenera kudziwa mayendedwe onse, Talisman, zikuwoneka kuti, sakumana ndi ntchito posachedwa.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa Talisman
Mphesa za chi Talisman zimamera ngati chitsamba chachikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphukira zobala zipatso kumaposa 3/4 pazaka zonse za kukula pachaka. Osachepera magulu awiri amapangidwa pa chilichonse; ndi ochulukirapo a iwo, ndikofunikira kusintha mtundu wa zipatso kuti muchepetse kupanga zipatso zazing'ono (nandolo). Chiwerengero cha maso pachitsamba chokulirapo chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chizisungidwa pakati pa 24 mpaka 32 zidutswa.
Tsoka ilo, si chitsamba chilichonse chomwe chitha kupirira chifukwa cha izi, ndipo ena mwa ma batchi amayenera kuthetsedwa pasadakhale
Mascot amakula mwachangu, ndikubweretsa mbewu yoyamba zaka ziwiri mutabzala mmera wapachaka, ndipo nthawi zina burashi yoyamba chaka chotsatira. Kufalikira ndi zonse zodula ndikumalumikiza. Mizu yazodzala ndiwambiri. Imanani ndi nyengo zina zilizonse, kuphatikizira nyengo yotentha. Osawopa chizolowezi chapakati ku Russia, koma kutentha ndi -25 zaC ikadali yovuta kwambiri kwa iye, kotero, m'madera ambiri pamafunika malo ogona nthawi yachisanu. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, yachulukitsa kukana matenda owopsa a m'munda wamphesa: mildew, grey rot ndi oidium.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zapakatikati koyambirira: zimatenga miyezi inayi kuyambira pachiyambire kukula kwa nyengo kuti zipatsozo zipite, ndiye kuti, zipatsozo zipsa m'malo ambiri osati koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Sichifunikira kuchotsedwa mwachangu ndipo atha kukhalabe pa chitsamba mpaka chisanu choyamba, pomwe zipatso zake sizikuwonongeka. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzipereka kwambiri. Choyipa chachikulu cha Talisman ndikuti imakhala ndi maluwa a amuna okhaokha: akazi. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipeze mbewu yabwinobwino pafupi, chitsamba cha mphesa chamtundu wamphongo ziyenera kubzalidwa pafupi.
Kishmish - 342, Aleshenkin, Augustin amaonedwa ngati opukutisa woyenerera. M'mawu oterewa, kuchuluka kwa mungu mu zaka wamba kumatha kukhala pafupi ndi 100%, koma pazaka zosakhala bwino maluwa ndikofunikira kuchita mungu wowonjezera.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za Talisman ndi masango ake akuluakulu. Gulu lalikulu limalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu. M'zaka wamba komanso mosamalitsa, zipatsozo zimadzaza m'magulu ochepa, koma nthawi zina zitsanzo zophatikizika zimapezekanso. Pankhani yoyendetsa mungu wamba, mawonekedwe ake ali pafupi ndi ofanana. Magulu ndi zipatso zimasungidwa bwino paulendo.
Zipatso za Talisman ndizambiri, mawonekedwe awo ndi ozungulira, kutalika kumafika 35 mm, m'lifupi ndi pang'ono pang'ono. Kulemera kumayambira 12 g mpaka pamtunda, mpaka 20 g. Mtundu ndi loyera, komanso utoto wonyezimira. Panthawi yakucha kwathunthu, mbali yakuyang'anizana ndi dzuwa, zipatsozo zimapeza tambula yachikasu. Mtundu oyera ndiwachilengedwe pamtunduwu; samupeza chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa sera.
Dzuwa, mphesa zoyera zimasilira
Mimbulu yake ndi yowutsa mudyo, imakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri kwa mphesa, kupsa kwathunthu, kuphatikizika kwa fungo labwino la nati. Peel ndi yopyapyala, ikadyedwa, mphesa sizimamveka. Zinthu za shuga ndizapamwamba kwambiri, kuyambira 17 mpaka 24%, kuchuluka kwa acidity sikokwanira kuposa 8 g / l. Chifukwa chake, Talisman ndi mndandanda wamitundu yonse ya mphesa: imatha kudyedwa mwatsopano komanso pokonzekera.
Khalidwe la mphesa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kuti mudziwe mawonekedwe a mphesa zamtunduwu, muyenera kulingalira zabwino ndi zovuta zonse za masango ndi zipatso, komanso chitsamba chonse, kuti mupeze mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi mphesa komanso kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti zopindulitsa za Talisman ndizochulukirapo kuposa zovuta zake. Ubwino wake ndi motere:
- mkulu komanso khola lonse zokolola;
- yayikulu-yayikulu ndi unyinji wa masango;
- kukoma kwambiri ndi fungo la muscat;
- kusayenda kopanda mavuto;
- chitetezo chazaka zonse m'njira komanso pa chitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali;
- kukana kwambiri chisanu;
- kutanthauzira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pakuchepa;
- mizu yabwino kwambiri yodulidwa;
- kuthekera kwakukulu kosinthika nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi nthaka.
Kubwereza kofunikira kwambiri, tikubwereza, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa mungu. Koma pali ena, osafunikira kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, ndizofunikira (kapena ayi?) Zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chisalati:
- kukhalapo kwa maluwa achikazi okha, omwe amafunikira kukhalapo kwa zitsamba zapafupi za mpesa zokhala ndi maluwa amphongo kapena kupukutira kwina kosavuta
- kufunikira kwa kugawa mbewu pochulukitsa mitengo yambiri;
- kukhudzidwa kwa mavu ndi ma horne;
- kufunika kwa kudulira kwa mpesa nthawi yayitali chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri cha kukula kwa mphukira;
- kufunika kopereka gawo lalikulu lamphamvu ndi zida za miyala yayitali.
Momwe kuthana ndi zolakwika zomwe tafotokozazi, ndikuweruza aliyense wopanga vinyo. Mwachidziwikire, pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera ndi kuyesetsa, mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa amathetsedwa. Zachidziwikire, sayansi siyimayima, mitundu yatsopano imawonekera pachaka, koma palibe zovuta zopanda vuto mpaka pano, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti azitha kuwonekera. Pakadali pano, Amateurs omwe adabzala Talisman zosiyanasiyana m'minda yawo yamphesa safuna kuti athetse.
Vidiyo: Kututa mascot pa tchire
Zambiri za kubzala ndi kukula mitundu ya mphesa Talisman
Pankhani ya kubzala komanso kukonza matekinoloji a tchire, chi Talisman sichisiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mphesa. Zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mphukira ndipo - nthawi zambiri - zochuluka kwambiri za zipatso zawo. Zosiyanasiyana zimangofesedwa mosavuta ndi zodula zake (mizu yayandikira 90%), koma opanga vinyo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kukulitsa izi podzala tchire la mitundu ina pa mitengo yosatha. Dera lalikulu lomwe mitengo yonse ya mphesa ya Talisman imafunanso imakhala yayitali kutalika kwakatchire kapena malo ena obzala: iyenera kukhala osachepera 3 metres, makamaka 4.
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kubzala mu nyengo iliyonse, kupeza zokolola zambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka tchire kuchuluka kokwanira kotentha ndi dzuwa. Ndi chifukwa cha lamuloli kuti muyenera kusankha malo oti mudzakhale. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera apa mwatsatanetsatane njira yonse yodzala mbande za mphesa: m'nthawi yathu ino, kupeza zofunikira pankhaniyi sikovuta. Monga mitundu yambiri, Talisman imakula bwino pamadothi a chernozem, koma ina iliyonse ndi yoyenera ngati ikonzekere bwino ndikuthira manyowa.
Kukula kwa dzenjelo sikungakhale kwakukulu, kuchokera pa 60 masentimita m'mbali zonse, koma dera lonse kuzungulira kubzala kwamtsogolo (mita 2-3 kumbali iliyonse) kuyenera kukumbidwa pasadakhale ndikuthira feteleza wambiri ndi humus, phulusa lamatabwa ndi zovuta feteleza. Pamadothi olemera, ngalande ndizofunikira mdzenje, ndipo kumadera ouma kumatha kuthirira chitsamba chomwe chimatsitsidwa pansi pa dzenje m'zaka zochepa za moyo wake. Tsiku lobzala labwino kwambiri ndi theka lachiwiri la Epulo, koma kumwera mutha kudzala mu Okutobala.
Kusamalira tchire lokwala zipatso kumakhala kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira kovomerezeka komanso malo osungira nyengo yachisanu. Kuthirira Talisman kumafuna zochulukirapo, makamaka pakukula kwa zipatso. Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kuchitidwa panthawi komanso popanda changu: makamaka osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Koma mutha kuthira phulusa zambiri pansi pa tchire, iyi ndi imodzi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, koposa zonse, feteleza wopanda vuto.
Zomera zonse ngati phulusa, ndipo mphesa sizili choncho
Mascot amathandiza kwambiri ku matenda a fungal, ngati atasungidwa bwino, amafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kupopera matenda a mphutsi, oidium ndi imvi zowola.
Tiyenera kuthana ndi mavu: kuwononga zisa ndi kupachikira nyambo zakupha. Nyambo itha kukhala madzi otsekemera okhala ndi mankhwala oopsa osakanikirana nawo, koma sikuti ndi mavu okha omwe angafune kumwa kuchokera mumtsuko uno! Chifukwa chake ... Timateteza masango akucha ndi ma gridi, kuwononga zisa za mavu ndikukumana ndi zotayika.
Kunena za kudulira, apa, inde, mphesa zamtundu uliwonse ndizabwino zake. Mu kasupe, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa molawirira kwambiri ndikuchepetsedwa kuchotsedwa kwa akufa ndipo mwachidziwikire mphukira zowonjezera. M'nyengo yotentha, simuyenera kupatula nthawi yopuma mphukira zazing'ono ndi zowonjezera: izi ndizosavuta kuposa momwe mphukira zayamba kale. Kudulira koyamba ndikusungira tchire nthawi yachisanu. Kwa Talisman, osati kuwonda kokha, komanso kudulira kwakukulu ndikulimbikitsidwa: palibe maso opitilira 7 pamasamba. Pambuyo pa izi, mipesa imachotsedwa mu trellis ndikufundidwa ndi zida zowoneka bwino, zopambana zonse ndi nthambi za spruce kapena pine spruce. Muyenera kusintha tchire mu kasupe, pafupifupi pakati - kumapeto kwa Marichi, ndi kuyamba kwa masiku ofunda.
Ndemanga
Ndikufuna kugawana zomwe ndawona pa kukhazikika kwa mitundu iyi. Mu 2004, chitsamba cha Talisman chidasiyidwa pamalopo akale, chifukwa sichinali chotheka kuchichotsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake. M'madera oyandikana nawo, mphesa zonse "zinawotchedwa" ndi zouma, osati masango okha, komanso popanda masamba. Ndipo chi Talisman, chomwe chagona pansi, pamithunzi ya mitengo itatu yayikulu, chinatha kupereka zigawo zingapo ndikuwoneka bwino.
Nellie//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=397
Chowoneka china chosangalatsa malinga ndi Talisman (mwina ili ndi vuto langa) - impso zimadzuka nthawi yofananira ndi mitundu ina, kenako "zimawuma" pang'ono. Pomwe mitundu ina yonseyo imakula pang'onopang'ono, a Talisman "amabisala" kwa masiku angapo, kenako nkuwombera mwamphamvu 5-centimeter.
"Kamyshanin"//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=397
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Ogasiti mpaka mchaka chachitatu cha Seputembele, kunagwa mvula nthawi zonse. Mitundu yambiri idasweka, sinapse bwino, sinakhale ndi shuga. Mosiyana, Talisman (osakhudzidwa ndi oidium) sanathenso, pofika pakati pa Seputembala imawunika shuga wabwino - idagulitsidwa bwino pamsika. Ma drones omaliza adayenera kudulidwa m'masiku khumi a Okutobala - chisanu choyambirira adakakamizidwa chaka chino. Kwa pafupi milungu iwiri ndiye kuti adagonekeranso zamkati mu nkhokwe mpaka iwo atadya. Mpesa unacha bwino bwino.
"Senchin"//www.vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=289
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa Talisman amadziwika ndi kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso, zochuluka komanso zosasinthika, zophatikiza ndi matenda, tizirombo ndi chisanu. Imakhala ndi cholembera chimodzi chokha: mutabzala kokha chitsamba cha Talisman, simuyenera kuyembekezera zokolola, imafunika pollinator. Ngati malo a tsambalo amalola kubzala tchire zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, Wachisoni sangakwiyitse mbuye wake.
