Maluwa amatisangalatsa ife ndi maonekedwe awo, koma nthawi zina amadwala. Mitundu ya maluwa okongola kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ingasanduke masamba a chikasu.
M'nkhaniyi tiyesa kupeza chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika.
Ndondomeko ya chilengedwe
Powona kuti masamba a orchid ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, simuyenera kuopa. Kotero akuwonetseredwa kusakalamba mwachilengedwe - chidutswa chilichonse chili ndi kayendedwe kake. "M'badwo" woterewu ndi khalidwe la mitundu yonse.
Mitengo yambiri yam'mimba (cattley, phalaenopsis, pafiopedilums), tsamba limodzi lamanzere limalira. Kawirikawiri amafa njira ziwiri. Mu mtundu wa Nobile, kuchokera ku babu, masamba onse akhoza kugwa, onse ali otayika ndi amoyo. 
Ngati inu mungakhoze kuwona izo masamba okhawo a orchid amatembenukira chikasumusachedwe kuchita chinachake. Tsamba lidzafota kwathunthu ndikudzipatula lokha. Kudulira kapena kuvundula mopanda chikasu mphukira sikofunikira, kuti asawononge chomera kachiwiri.
Ndikofunikira! Yang'anani zomera nthawi zonse. Kuda chikasu kungachitike mwamsanga, mkati mwa masiku 1-4.
Nthawi ya maluwa imakhudza - tsambali la tsamba silimakhala lopambana kwa zaka zingapo. Leaf akuponya chaka chilichonse (panthawi yamaluwa kapena nthawi ya dormancy) ndi yachibadwa kwa mitundu iyi. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, florists samakonda kusamala chifukwa cha masamba a orchid atembenukira chikasu. Ngati pangakhale kusinthana kulikonse, chomeracho chimangoyang'ana kwa iwo, kusintha mtundu kapena kuchepetsa kupititsa patsogolo.
Kuphwanya ulamuliro wa boma
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu ndi kusagwirizana ndi boma la ulimi wothirira. Ngati mukuiwala kuthira maluwa panthawi yake kapena, mosiyana, yathyola nthaka - izi zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha isayambe. Chifukwa cha zinthu zoterezi, mtundu wa "osaloledwa" wa masamba ukuwonekera.
Mukudziwa? Ma orchids ena amatha kukhala pansi.
Kuthirira okwanira
Zochitika zoterozo sizodziwika, koma chirichonse chikhoza kuchitika. Tengani zomwezo phalaenopsis. Kutsika kwathanzi, mizu yachibadwa, ndipo masamba amapereka chikasu. Izi ndizotheka ngakhale ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. 
Mfundo ingakhale njira yamadzi - Kudyetsa madzi kuchokera kumadzi akhoza, motero moistening makungwa (zabwino drainage amachotsa chinyezi mu poto, osalola mizu kuti "kumwa"). Zakudya zimakhala zosowa, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimawachotsa iwo kwa akale. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zosamvetsetseka - chifukwa masamba ndi phalaenopsis amatembenukira chikasu, ndi choti achite.
Ndi zophweka. Pitani ku chomwe chimatchedwa ulimi wothirira pansi kuti musamadziwe madziwa. Pasanathe sabata - ziwiri pambuyo pa kusintha kwa boma, zomerazo zidzabwerenso.
Tikulimbikitsanso kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zofunikira za kusamalira oimira ena a orchid: Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Ludizia, Bletilla, HellGloss.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi
Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a tsamba. Oyamba kumene "amadzaza" orchid. Zowopsya kufupipafupi kawirikawiri zamadzi amadziwika - apa ndi "zotchinga", nthaka yopanda moyo, ndi kuwonongeka pamodzi ndi mabakiteriya.
Aluso odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti asamangoganizira makungwa apamwamba. Amauma mwamsanga, kwenikweni tsiku, ndipo mozama gawolo lidzasunga chinyezi nthawi yaitali. Taganizirani izi mutayamba kumwa madzi.
Miphika yopanda kanthu imakhala yabwino kwambiri pambaliyi - ikhoza kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi lothira pa chidebe chonsecho. Ngati chidebecho chili chotsekeka, tenga ndodo yamtengo wapatali ndikuiyika mosamala pafupi ndi mphutsi, ndipo patapita mphindi zochepa chithunzicho chidzawonekera (ngati chakhala chonyowa, ndikumayambiriro kwambiri kuti usamamwe). 
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale youma "kulemera", kukweza mphika, - gawo lochepetsera madzi nthawi zonse limakhala lolemera kuposa louma.
Chifukwa chakuti chikasu cha masamba a orchid - ndi kuthirira mozama, chisonyezani zizindikiro izi:
- Mtundu umasintha zonse zikuwombera, osati m'munsi;
- Pamapepala (nthawi zochepa pa thunthu) mawanga wakuda awonekera;
- Masamba ndi ofewa kukhudza ndi kunyowa;
- Mizu imakhala yamdima komanso yokutidwa ndi mdima.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchita kwa madzi ovuta kumatetezedwa ndi kupezeka kwa peat mu gawo lapansi. Gawo lake m'chigawochi likufikira 20%.
Mfundo ina: mbewu imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta mu mphika, yomwe imakhala yotembenuka.
Ngati ndondomeko yoyamba ikutha, ndiye kuti orchid iyenera kuchotsedwa mu mphika ndikuyikidwa, ponyalanyaza mizu. Pambuyo pa maluwa amenewa, maluwa amafunika kusamala kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera pa nthawi ya ulimi wothirira, chinyezi chimathandizanso. Zomwe zimatchedwa madzi ovuta ndi zosafunika zosiyanasiyana zimayambitsa nthaka salting. Podziwa kuti masamba a orchid amatembenukira chikasu kuchokera "kuthirira" kotere, sintha pansi. Masamba okha amasambitsidwa ndi fetereza zamadzimadzi. Inde, nthawi ya maluwa, ndibwino kuti musagwire ntchitoyi, kuti musasokoneze chomeracho.
Kutentha kwa dzuwa
"Kutentha dzuwa" kosatha kungakhalenso kovulaza. Pokhala chilimwe chilimwe pambali yotentha, duwa limapangitsa kuti dzuwa liziwotcha. Kuwonongeka koteroko kumawoneka mwamsanga: "Kutentha kwambiri" masamba amatembenukira chikasu m'malo omwe alandira mlingo wa masewera. 
Yankho lake ndi losavuta - kusintha malo a mbewu. Ngati mulibe malo owonjezera m'nyumbayi, maluwawo amawombedwa ndi kuwapatsa zowonjezera, komanso kufalitsa mbewu. Musachedwe kuti masamba asanduke chikasu ndikuyamba kufuna. Kumbukirani kuti ma hybrids ambiri samasinthidwa kuti aziwonekera kwa dzuwa.
Malo omwe akuzungulira kuzungulira amalira nthawi yambiri. Sikofunika kuchotsa timapepala timeneti - orchid yathanzi ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira kudyetsa malo abwino.
Mukudziwa? Zimapezeka kuti maluwa a orchid akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a mutu wa nyama kapena chiwerengero chaching'ono chaumunthu. Ndi "zizoloŵezi" zoterozo zingakhale zosiyana.
Chimodzimodzinso ndi kuyatsa kokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kwina (phytolamps, fulorosenti zipangizo). Iwo amafunikanso kutembenuzidwa mwanzeru, kuti asawononge maluwa ogona, maola angapo adzakwanira.
Mizere yambiri yokonda zithunzi ndi Wanda, Lellia ndi Cattleya. Mitengo yotereyi imasungidwa bwino kumbali ya kumpoto. Apo ayi, masamba onse a orchid akhoza kugwa, ndipo zidzakhala zofunikira mwamsanga kuganiza zoyenera kuchita. 
Zolakwika za feteleza
Pa "chakudya" ndiyeneranso kumvetsera. Lero pali feteleza zambiri zomwe zingakhale zosayenera mitundu ina. Pogula, ndi bwino kufunsa wogulitsa, kutanthauza dzina la zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Pang'ono ndi kukayikira kukhalapo kwa tizirombo, mbewu siimere - izi zikhoza kupha imfa.
Nkhani yosiyana ndi mlingo. Taganizirani zomwe zolakwitsa muziwerengero zimaloledwa nthawi zambiri.
Feteleza mopitirira muyeso
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kugula. Nthawi zina ogulitsa amathera "malonda asanayambe", chomera chokhala ndi spiked chokhala ndi zokopa ndi madzi. Izi ndi zomveka - amafunikira mankhwala okongola. Achipatala amachitanso zolakwa zofanana, kawirikawiri amakhala achangu kwambiri. Inde, ndipo katswiri akhoza kulakwitsa pamene akukumana ndi zosowa.
Maluwa "overfed" adzakhala kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, kenako masamba a orchid amatembenukira chikasu, ndipo chochita sichidzadziwika mwakamodzi.
Ndibwino kutenga feteleza musanayambe kusungirako maluwa, pamene chomeracho chikudziwa malo atsopano. 
Kuyambira kudya, kumbukirani kuti:
- fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ya kukula;
- kupanga-kuphatikiza pamodzi ndi ulimi wothirira. Kuthirira kwachiwiri kuli nthawi yabwino. Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti mutsekemera nthaka ndikugwedeza chidebe ndi feteleza kuti zowonjezera zisamire pansi;
- Pambuyo popanga masamba palibe chofunikira cha feteleza;
- m'nyengo yozizira (monga pakati pa nyengo yotentha), feteleza imachepetsedwa, kupanga kamodzi pamwezi. Ma orchids ena adzapuma mosalekeza ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa "zakudya zopatsa thanzi" panthawiyi.
- Mankhwala ofooketsa kapena orchids omwe sagwidwa ndi matenda samalima (mizu yowonongeka siimatengera mchere, ndipo imabzalidwa pansi). Izi ndi zoona kwa maluwa atsopano. Kupaka zovala zapamwamba m'mwezi woyamba pambuyo pa kusakaniza sikuvomerezedwa.
Mukudziwa? Mapologalamu a orchids amapezeka mumzinda wa Stangopa kumera. Zotsatira zimakula ndi maluwa ndi masamba a mawonekedwe osazolowereka.
Zindikirani zimenezo kukula zolimbikitsa ndi zosayenera kwa ma orchid opangidwa ndi manja. Zowoneka "zopweteka" - nsonga zachikasu, zomwe zimayambitsa calcium yochuluka. Pano padzakhala zothandiza kuyang'anitsitsa chakudya, ngati sichikulitsa duwa mu gawo labwino.
Ngati mutatsatira njira zosavuta, mbewuyo idzalandira mlingo woyenerera. Koma pali vuto: pamene ma orchid akusowa, masamba amachitanso chikasu, ndipo zifukwa zimakhala mwa feteleza.
Kupanda kuvala
Izi sizowopsya, koma pali zabwino pano. Orchid nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kusowa kwa potaziyamu, yomwe imawoneka ndi chikasu chakumapeto kwa tsamba. Pa siteji yotsatira, mbale yamkati yowonongeka yomwe ili ndi mitsempha yakufa ikuwonekera. 
Izi zimagwirizana ndi kuti pali potaziyamu pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kusowa kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono kumangoyamba kukopa mchere kuchokera kwa "oyandikana nawo" awo okalamba. Patapita nthawi, chithunzichi chimakhala chowawa - masamba a orchid akugwa. Pofuna kupewa izi, chomeracho chimaikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano ya potaziyamu.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa feteleza nthawi imodzi, ma orchid amkati amatenga theka la mlingo womwe umasonyezedwa pazokonzekera.
Samalani ndi mapangidwe a feteleza. Potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrojeni ziyenera kukhala muzolembedwa. Zomwe akulima amalima amamvetsera ndi kulemba njira zowonjezera. Pali makalata a NPK pa pakiti kapena botolo, ndipo manambala ali pafupi nawo. Ndiyi nambala yomwe imasonyeza chifukwa chake feteleza ikufunika. Makhalidwe 4-3-3 - chifukwa cha zobiriwira zobiriwira, ndipo 4-6-6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika maluwa.
Matenda a orchid ndi tizirombo monga chifukwa cha chikasu cha masamba
Monga zomera zonse, orchid ikhoza kudwala. Zilonda zoterozo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Kukhalapo kwawo kumatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti orchid imatha, ndipo masamba amafota ndi kutembenukira chikasu.
Zirombo zazikulu
Orchids ali ndi "otsutsa" ambiri omwe ayenera kumenyana nao. Tilembera tizirombo tambiri ndi njira zamankhwala. Musanayambe izi, pezani maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuchokera ku zomera zathanzi.
Zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira kuti kangaude wamakono. Tsabola kakang'ono kakang'ono mkati mwa tsamba ndi mphukira limasonyeza kupezeka kwake. 
Anachotsedwa ndi kutsuka ndi madzi otentha (40-45 ° C). Pambuyo pa njirayi, duwa la masiku atatu liri ndi phukusi, osayiwala kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa nthaka. Ngati sizinathandize, ndiye kuti mankhwala monga "Neoron" ndi "Thiofos" amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Zambiri zosawerengeka zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. Kwa theka la ola la kuwala kwa dzuwa, amalandira zotentha kwambiri.
Pa mbali ya tsamba la tsambali mumakhala ndi aphid. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timayambitsa timadzi timene timayambitsanso timadzi timene timayambitsanso. Komanso, iwo amalinso bowa. Amakonda kuuma.
Ngati masamba asasunthike kumakhudza ndi kusintha maonekedwe awo, pitirizani kuchiza:
- Sambani ndi madzi ofunda (ngati aphid pang'ono);
- mankhwala ndi sopo yothetsera (makamaka sopo yonyowa chonchi). Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimapangidwa ndi "Fitoverm";
- kulowetsedwa kwa zikopa za citrus: 100 g kutsanulira ndi lita imodzi ya madzi ndikuumiriza masiku atatu. Chotsatiracho chimayambitsidwa sprayed maola asanu aliwonse masiku angapo mzere.
Pofuna yankho, muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati masamba a orchid akutembenukira chikasu, ndiwone bwinobwino. Pakhoza kukhala kukula kwa mdima - "kunagwira ntchito" chitetezo. Mitengo yapamwamba yomwe imakhala pamatentha amakopa tizirombozi kuposa ena. Maluwa odwala amatha kupatukana. 
Chotsani mliri uwu ukhoza kukhala motere:
- Mafuta a azitona amadzipukutira m'madzi (supuni 1 / 0.5 l) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera omwe akukhudzidwa. Izi zachitika katatu, ndi nthawi ya mlungu ndi mlungu;
- kwa zomera zakuda masamba, kusakaniza ndi thonje lodzaza ndi ethyl mowa ndi woyenera;
- Kupukutira ndi madzi ofunda ndikuchotsa mazira. Ndiye chomeracho chimayambitsidwa ndi "Fitoverm", koma "Aktellik" idzachitanso. Ikubwereza ndi kusiyana kwa masiku 7-10.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa khungu kokha ndi galasi lokulitsa.
Zochenjera thrips - pakuoneka kwawo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mapiko timasankha kuchepa. Siyani chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a timadontho ting'onoang'ono kapena siliva "posungira".
Iwo akhoza kukhala ponse pa masamba ndi mu gawo lapansi, chotero iwo amafuna kuchotsedwa:
- Sambani ndi madzi ofunda ndi kudula malo okhudzidwa kumalo abwino;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi zokonzekera (chimodzimodzi "Aktellik") ndi nthawi ya masiku khumi. Ikubwereza maulendo awiri.
- kulowetsedwa kwa mafuta a azitona (onani pamwamba);
- Kukonzekera kwa adyo-anyezi ochotsera (1 tsp. wa phala yotero mu madzi, tsiku linalamba).
Nematodes kulepheretsa kukula, kusokoneza masamba. Icho chimachokera ku dothi la munda, osati kuchokera ku gawo lapansi. Mitamboyi imalephera kutentha kutentha (+40 ° C), koma "kusamba" kotereku ndi koopsa kwa pet yako. Chinthu chosavulaza kwambiri ndi yankho la Levamizal (kapena Decaris). Pulogalamuyo imathera mu lita imodzi yamadzi, kenako imatulutsa madzi.Mukudziwa? Kalekale, iwo amapanga mankhwala kuchokera ku rhizomes zouma za orchid. Mankhwalawa amabwezeretsa anthu omwe akhala ndi matenda a nthawi yaitali.
Nthawi zambiri koma yoopsa woodlice Musasiye chobvala cholimba pammera. Ikani pa maluwa omwe ankakhala mumsewu. Mukhoza kuwatsitsa:
- akuwongolera mphika mu chidebe china cha madzi. Tizilombo "timayandama" mu mphindi zochepa;
- Thirani ndi kutsuka mizu. Nthawi yambiri, koma nthawi zina ndi yofunika.
Tawona tizilombo towononga zomwe zimakhudza masamba. Zina "zowononga pulogalamu yachinsinsi" zingawonekere mu gawo lapansi. Kotero kupewa kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Phunzirani za momwe mungayambire orchid kunyumba.
Matenda omwe amabweretsa chikasu cha masamba
Masamba a orchid amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa chifukwa cha matenda. Fungal, viral kapena matenda a bakiteriya maluwa amatha kuchokera ku chomera. Iwo ali kutali ndi zomera zachibadwa.
Matenda a fungal zimakhudza zomera chifukwa cha kuyang'aniridwa kwa makamu. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi mdima wandiweyani kumbali kapena tsamba. 
Ndi matenda oterewa amawoneka ngati mabala, amakhalanso ndi mycelium. Ngakhale kulibe ambiri a iwo, chithandizo cha fungicide chingathandize. Malamulo omwe amakatulutsidwa amachiritsidwa ndi njira zowonongeka: kuchepetsa malo odwala kapena masamba onse. Panthawi ya chithandizo, sikutheka kudzipangitsa okha, ngakhale kuti mikangano idzalowa maluwa ena. Mdulidwe umachiritsidwa.
Mitundu yoyamba:
- zovunda (zochiritsidwa ndi Immunocytophyte);
- powdery mildew ("antidote" ndi njira yothetsera sulfure) Maola angapo musanayambe kupopera, nthaka ili ndi madzi);
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amachitira "Mikosanom."
Ndikofunikira! Ntchentche zimakhudza makamaka ma Asichi. Kwa zomera zochokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, matenda oterewa sakhala ndi vuto lina lililonse.
Pankhani ya mavairasi nkhaniyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Amadziwonetsera okha panthawi yachisokonezo (maulendo a maluwa, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, kusintha kwa chinyontho). Kuopsa kwa matenda a ma orchids ena kumawonjezeka pakumwa madzi. Ndiye masamba ali ndi mphete zakuda, koma pangakhale zizindikiro zina.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti maluwa amachiritsidwa ndi antibiotic ndi mawonekedwe a fungicidal. Mwamwayi, zowonjezera sizingakhale ndi zotsatira, koma matendawa ndi osowa.
Bakiteriya kuona imayambitsa masamba akale. Zimamveka, chikasu chimapezeka ndi mthunzi wakuda. Zilonda zomwe zimatulutsa madzi akuwoneka.
Mankhwalawa ndi osavuta: gawo la mavuto limachotsedwa, ndipo mankhwalawa amachiritsidwa ndi ayodini.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchokera pamphepete pamene kuthirira kungabweretse kunthaka kwa chlorine. Pofuna kusunga chomera, tsanulirani madzi osungunuka.
Tsopano tikudziwa momwe tingapulumutsire orchid ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu. Tikukhulupirira kuti owerenga athu sadzayenera kuthana ndi zizindikiro izi, ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi idzawathandiza.
