Orlyak ndi wokongola wamuyaya wa gulu la Fern, banja la Dennshtedtievy. Chomera chokongola ichi chimadziwika chifukwa chosakongoletsa mundawo ndi nyumba, komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya komanso pochiza matenda angapo. Mchenga udalandira dzina lake lachitatu-waii, lomwe limafanana ndi mapiko a chiwombankhanga. Anthu ena amasiyanitsa zoyambirira za Yesu Kristu pamtunda wa tsinde, kotero zibowo zimapezekanso pansi pa dzina la "Yesu Grass." Fern adafalitsa kwambiri nkhalango ndi mapiri a ku Europe, Siberia ndi Far East. Apa zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zonse ndikumakolola kuti zigwiritsenso ntchito mtsogolo. Pofuna kuti musapite kunkhalangoyi kwa ferns, mutha kumera tchire lokongola komanso lothandiza patsamba lanu. Kusamalira iwo ndikosavuta, ndipo korona wofalikira amakula mwachangu kwambiri.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Orlyak ndi chomera cha herbaceous osatha 30-100 cm.Mizu yamphamvu imamera mosiyanasiyana. Chizunguliracho chimakhala chokhazikika, komwe mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera chaka chilichonse. Njira zopumira zimapita pansi kwambiri ndikuthandizira mbewu. Amatha kupitiliza pambuyo pakagwa moto kapena masoka ena. Chifukwa cha mizu iyi, bracken amatha kukula m'malo amodzi kwa zaka mazana ambiri.
Kumayambiriro koyambira, mphukira zazing'ono zimatuluka padziko lapansi. Amapezeka aliyense payekhapayekha 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mphukira imawululidwa, ndipo kumtunda kumayamba kupindika ngati nkhono. Pambuyo pake, mbale zamasamba zimaphukira. Masamba awiri komanso nthula zokhala ndi fungo linalake. Ma loboti akuda bii obiriwira amakhala ozungulira kumapeto. Pansi pamasamba amiyala yotsika. Mwa awa, msuzi wokoma umaonekera womwe umakopa nyerere.
Ma sor Fuse amapezeka mmalire opitilira mphepete mwa pepalalo ndipo amabisidwa ndi kuwombera chinsalu. Spores zipsa pofika Julayi-Ogasiti, koma sizimawonekera pamasamba chaka chilichonse. Kucha sporangia kutsegulira palokha komanso yaying'ono, mbewu zozungulira zimatulutsidwa. Amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo pamtunda wautali.
Ambiri opanga botolo amati mtundu wa bracken ndiwopeka ndipo ali ndi mtundu umodzi mokhawo - wodziwika bwino. Malinga ndi asayansi ena, pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri. Onsewa ndi ofanana kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri yamafeni amtunduwu imakhala yachilengedwe ndipo samalimidwa.
Njira zolerera
Kuswana kubereka kumabala spores kapena kugawanitsa chitsamba. Kuti muthe kutola, ndikofunikira mu September kudula pepalalo ndi ma soruse, kupukuta ndikuyika spores pachidutswa cha pepala ndi supuni. Pambuyo poti ziume, mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'thumba ndipo zimasungidwa mpaka nthawi yachisanu. Mu Januwale, mabokosi okhala ndi dothi la peat amakonzedwa. Nthaka imanyowetsedwa, kenako mbewu zazing'ono zimathiridwa pamtunda. Mphika wokutidwa ndi galasi ndikuyika m'chipinda chowala, chowala. Ventilate ndikumapopera mbewu tsiku lililonse. Pakatha milungu 8, nthaka idakutidwa ndi msipu wobiriwira. Tsopano pobisalira amatha kuchotsera kuti oxygen iperekedwe bwino kwa mbande. Mbewu zachikale zimazidulira m'miphika yaying'ono. Mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, bracken wakonzeka kupakika munthaka.
Kugawa chitsamba kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yosavuta komanso yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito kubereka. Fern wachikulireyu amakhala ndi nthiti yotulutsa nthangala, yomwe imakhazikika mofulumira ikadulira ndikudula. Pakati pa masika, nthawi yachisanu ikakhala kuti yapita kale, muyenera kukumba kabowo. Agawidwa m'magawo awiri impso ziwiri. Delenki ndondomeko m'malo odula makala ophwanyika ndipo pomwepo adadzalidwa dothi lonyowa. Mu chilengedwe, gawo lirilonse la nthangala, likakumba, limatha kuphukira, motero kufalikira mu ulimi kumawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta kuthetsa. Ndikosatheka kufalitsa mtundu wamtunduwu wa fern mothandizidwa ndi kudula.
Malamulo Osamalira
Bracken ndi chomera chosasangalatsa. Ndizoyenera kukula m'nyumba kapena kutchire. Pogula fern wamkulu, muyenera kulabadira mawonekedwe ake. Masamba ayenera kukhala opanda, popanda owuma komanso achikasu achikasu. Duwa logulidwa kwa tsiku limasiyidwa lokha m'malo osinthika, kenako ndikuwazana.
Thirani Kuphatikizika kwa Orlyak ndikosowa kwambiri. Zomera za m'munda sizifunikira njirayi, ndipo mbewu zamkati zimadzalidwa zaka zina zilizonse zitatu. Izi zimachitika pomwe poto wakale umadzaza kwambiri. Mphamvu yatsopano imasankhidwa mwakuya komanso khola. Miyala ingapo ikulu pansi imayikidwa pansi, kenako miyala, kenako nthaka ndikuthiridwa.
Dothi. Orlyak amakonda dothi lopepuka, lozama pang'ono. Pakuphuka, kumakulirakulira. Kusakaniza kwa peat, mchenga ndi malo osalala ndi koyenera. Asanadzalemo m'mundamo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukumba dothi ndikupanga mchenga wambiri, tchipisi ta njerwa ndi miyala. Kukhalapo kwa laimu munthaka kumathandizira pakukula kwa mbewu.
Kuwala Ndikwabwino kubzala bracken fern pamtunda wamundawo. Zomera zamkati, sankhani zipinda zakumpoto kapena muteteze korona mosamala. Poterepa, mthunzi wobiriwira umadzaza. Koma padzuwa, masamba amayamba kuwala.
Kutentha Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa fern ndi + 10 ... + 25 ° C. Sizofunikira kukhazikitsa kusinthasintha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kapena nyengo. M'chilimwe, mutha kuyika chomera m'mundamo, m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yokoka. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuyika poto kutali ndi ma radiator. Potseguka, mabatani amakhala mozizira popanda pogona. Vayi agwa, ndipo chizungulirecho chagona pansi kwambiri pobisalira ku madzi oundana.
Chinyezi. Ma fern onse amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Amafunikira kupopera kumaso korona. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyeretsedwa, omwe samasiya madontho a mandimu pamasamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kuyika ma pallet ndi miyala yonyowa pafupi ndi miphika kapena kudzala chomera mumsewu, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi madamu.
Kuthirira. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pamabatani iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Pakumitsa pang'ono nthaka, iyenera kunyowa. Ndikofunika kupewa kuti madzi asazizidwe pafupipafupi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Feteleza. Chonde mabatani ayenera kukhala odziletsa. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika mchaka, ndikubwera kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito ma mineral complexes pamafern. Kupitilira apo, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa feteleza wosonyezedwa phukusi mwezi uliwonse.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Bracken amalimbana ndi matenda, koma amadwala matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, kupindika, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizilomboto timakhazikika pa mphukira yowoneka bwino. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti musapitirire kuchuluka kwake kuti musawononge mbewu.
The mankhwala zikuchokera fern
Orlyak imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru.
- mapuloteni;
- mavitamini (C, E, gulu B);
- kufufuza zinthu (magnesium, calcium, potaziyamu, manganese, ayodini, sulfure, phosphorous, chitsulo);
- glycosides;
- saponins;
- flavonoids;
- wowuma;
- osatha.
Zinthu zothandiza pazokwanira kuchuluka zili mphukira zazing'ono. Masamba akayamba kukula ndikucha, mkhala umadzaza ndi cyanides ndi hydrocyanic acid.
Malamulo okolola zakutchire
Bracken amasonkhanitsidwa mkati mwa masika. Mwa anthu, zizindikilo zake zosonkhanitsa ndi maluwa amiyala ya m'chigwa kapena kutsanulira kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ngati mphukira zazing'ono zimaswa mosavuta, zimatha kukolola. Akangokhala wamphamvu ndikuyamba kuwerama mosavuta, kusonkhanitsa zinthu zosaphika kumayimitsidwa. Kutalika kokwanira bwino kwa timitengo tating'ono ndi 20-25 masentimita, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 5-15 mm. Amadulidwa m'munsi ndikumumanga. Sikoyenera kukhetsa chitsamba chonse kuti fern ipitirize kukula.
Ngakhale timitengo todulidwa timakhala todzikongoletsa, motero ndikofunikira kukonza m'maola oyamba atatu ndi atatu. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zosaphika zomwe amapangira mchere amazithira mchere ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mutha kuyanitsanso zikumera panja kwa masiku 1-2. Chomera chokonzedwa motere chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka chonse. Mankhwala wowerengeka, kuwonjezera pa mphukira, amagwiritsa ntchito muzu wouma bracken, amatha kusungidwa zaka zingapo.
Mkaka umathiridwa mchere m'machubu, pomwe mapesi amakulungidwa m'magulu. Ululu uliwonse umakonkhedwa ndi mchere. Kuchuluka kwake kuli kofanana ndi kotala ya unyinji wa zopangira. Kuponderezedwa kumayikidwa pamwamba ndipo kuyimilira kumasiyidwa kwa masabata awiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, kuponderezana kumachotsedwa ndipo brine wopangidwayo amatsitsidwa. Pa gawo lachiwiri, zigawo zapamwamba zimayikidwa pansi, fern imathiridwa ndi brine. Mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito kasanu poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zopangira. Pamwambapo amaikidwa kuponderezana ndikusiyidwa sabata limodzi.
Asanagwiritse ntchito, mphukira ziyenera kunyowa m'madzi oyera kwa maola 7, kenako wiritsani kwa mphindi 5. Tsopano fern angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga saladi kapena kuwonjezera ena mbale.
Zovuta mu mankhwala
Mankhwala achikhalidwe, bracken wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale. Msuzi umakonzedwa kuchokera ku mphukira zouma ndi mizu, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi matenda monga:
- kusanza
- kutsegula m'mimba
- kukhalapo kwa mphutsi;
- matenda amanjenje;
- kufooka chitetezo chokwanira;
- mutu
- matenda kupuma;
- matenda oopsa
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, bracken adagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe kuthana ndi rheumatism, nyamakazi ndi kukokana. Ndizotheka kuyembekezera zabwino, choleretic komanso zothandizira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira za fern kumachotsa radionuclides kuchokera mthupi, kumawonjezera kukana kwa nkhawa, kusintha kagayidwe kazinthu komanso kusintha luso lotengera thupi la munthu.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa muyeso ndikutsata malamulo osamala. Ngakhale mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zochepa zapoizoni zomwe zimatha kudziunjikira m'thupi. Komanso, chithandizo ndi fern chimaphatikizidwa mwa amayi apakati komanso oyembekezera, ana ndi anthu omwe akuvutika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Ntchito yophika
M'madera ambiri mdziko lathu, komanso mdziko lonse lapansi, fernen fern wakhala nthawi yayitali atakhala chakudya chokwanira. Imagulitsidwa mtsogolo. Mu zakaonda, mmera udathandizira kupewa njala, adasinthanitsa ndi mkate. Pambuyo pamchere, mphukira zimafanana ndi bowa kulawa, ngakhale ena amawayerekezera ndi katsitsumzukwa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zitsamba zosaphika ndizoletsedwa kudya. Ayenera kuthiridwa mchere, kunyowa ndi kuwiritsa. Fern itatha kutentha imatha kuchira.
Bracken sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere. Ku Japan, maswiti, ma pie ndi zakudya zina zachilendo zimakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mphukira zodulidwa ndi mizu ya bracken zimawonjezedwa ndi ufa wophika, nsomba zam'madzi, saladi ndi masuzi. Masamba amateteza kuola, choncho amasintha masamba nthawi yosunga nthawi yozizira.
