Echeveria ndimakomedwe achilendo a banja la Crassulaceae. Kuthengo, imapezeka ku Central ndi South America. "Maluwa amiyala" oyengeka ochokera masamba achinyama amakopa anthu ambiri wamaluwa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, Echiveria imatha kuwoneka m'malo amaluwa kapena m'miphika yayikulu. Chimawoneka bwino chikakula payokha kapena pagulu la zofananira zina m'munda wokoma. Kusamalira tchire ndikosavuta, chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha malo oyenera.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Echeveria ndi mbewu ya herbaceous yopanda tsinde kapena yokhala ndi tsinde lofewa. Chimbudzi chake chimakhala kumtunda kwadothi, choncho duwa silifunikira mphika wakuya. Chitsamba chachifupi chimakhala ndi masamba ambiri omwe ali pamwamba pa enawo. Kutalika kwa kansalu wachikulire kumayambira 10 mpaka 40 cm.
Masamba opanda masamba amapaka utoto wowala wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira. Amatha kukhala ndi m'mphepete mozungulira. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi 3-25 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 1.5 mpaka 15. Mtundu wa masamba ndi monophonic, koma nthawi zina pamakhala kuyera koyera kapena kwa pinki pamwamba.
Maluwa amachitika nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe ndipo amatha kupitilira milungu itatu. Pakadali pano, mzere wowonda kwambiri wamasentimita 20 mpaka 40 umamera kuchokera pakatikati pa Echeveria. Ma corollas ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati belu ndi utoto wa pinki, wachikasu kapena bulauni. M'malo mwa masamba ophukira, mabokosi ambewu yaying'ono amapsa.
Malingaliro odziwika
Mu mtundu wa Echeveria, pali mitundu ya anthu pafupifupi 150, palinso mitundu ina yosakanikirana.
Echeveria agave. Chomera chosakhwima chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba owongoka, chimakhala ngati maluwa ofanana ndi maluwa amaluwa amadzi. M'mphepete mwa masamba pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo timayang'ana pinki. Maluwa amatulutsa chilimwe ndipo amakhala achikasu achikuda.
Echeveria wachisomo. Udzu wamuyayawu wokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi lakuda ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Masamba ake obiriwira obiriwira amamatirana kwambiri, omwe amawoneka ngati mwala. M'chilimwe, mabelu ofiira owoneka ngati malalanje amatseguka pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Echeveria Derenberg. Chomeracho chili ndi mphukira wamtambo wokwera komanso masamba opendekera mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Masamba akulu okhala ndi lakuthwa pang'ono kumapeto amafikira 4 cm kutalika ndi 2 cm mulifupi. Malo obiriwira otetezedwa ndi duwa loyera la matte ndi malo ofiira kumapeto. Kumapeto kwa masika, duwa lalifupi wandiweyani lokhala ndi masamba a lalanje limamera.
Echeveria humpback. Duwa ili ndi tsinde lalifupi komanso masamba opindika ngati diamondi. Pamalo obiriwira pamunsi amapeza utoto wofiirira. Masamba ofiira owerengeka amatengedwa pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Mtundu wosangalatsa wosakanizidwa ndi Echeveria Nuremberg. Imasiyana masamba ofiira otuwa, omwe amakhala pamtunda wamtambo, pang'onopang'ono amawonekera pang'onopang'ono.
Kufalikira kwa Echeveria
Kunyumba, kufalitsa kwa echeveria kumachitika m'njira zotsatirazi:
- Kufesa mbewu. Ndikofunikira kuti mbeu izitha kubereka. Mbewu zimapangidwa kumapeto kwa February. Mbewu ziyikidwe mu bokosi lathyathyathya ndi mchenga wonyowa komanso dothi la peat, osawaza pamwamba. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Masamba atatu akakula, mbande zimakhazikika m'miphika yaying'ono yazidutswa zingapo.
- Mizu ya tsinde kudula. Chapakati pa Marichi, kudula apical ndi masamba amtundu wa 2-3 amalekanitsidwa ndi chomera chachikulu, chowuma mlengalenga kwa maola 3-4. Pambuyo pake, mphukirayo imakanikizidwa m'nthaka yamchenga. Mutha kuthira dothi lanyowa. Dothi limanyowetsedwa munthawi yake. Echeveria wakula mu chipinda chowala ndi nyali zowala pa kutentha kwa + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Zomera zimachitika mkati mwa masiku 7-10, kenako mbande zitha kuziika m'miphika ingapo.
- Mizu yodula masamba odulidwa. Kubwezeretsanso kwa tsamba la echeveria kumawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta. Ndikofunikira kupatutsa masamba akulu akulu popanda kuwonongeka. Zouma kwa maola angapo ndikuyika pamchenga chonyowa. Ndikofunikira kumanyowetsa nthaka nthawi zonse, koma osalola kusefukira kwamadzi. Mizu yoyambirira imawonekera pakatha mwezi umodzi, ndipo chomera chodzaza bwino chizingopangika pakatha miyezi 3-4.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Echeveria ndi chomera chovuta kwambiri, choncho chisamaliro chokhwima chimayenera kuthandizidwa poika zina. Mitundu yaing'onoyi imagulidwa kumtunda uliwonse wamasamba, mbewu zachikale zimasinthidwa pakatha zaka 3-4. Ndikofunikira kusankha miphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi mabowo amadzala pansi. Choyamba, timiyala tating'ono, timene timayala kapena timiyala timayikidwa m'ngalande ndipo pokhapokha dothi labwino limathira. Dziko la echeveria limapangidwa ndi zinthu izi:
- njerwa yofiyira;
- makala;
- peat;
- dothi lonyowa.
Ndikwabwino kusankha zotungira kapena miphika yosaya ndi kubzala mitundu yosakaniza ndi zina zina.
Kusankha malo a chomera
Kunyumba, kusamalira echeveria ndikosavuta. Kuyang'aniridwa kwakukulu kuyenera kulipidwa kuti mupeze malo oyenera. Monga mitundu yabwino kwambiri yazomera, duwa limakonda dzuwa lowala ndipo siliwopa kuwunika mwachindunji. Malo abwino kwambiri amakhala osungitsa zenera lakumwera. M'chilimwe ndikofunikira kusamutsa echeveria kumka mpweya wabwino, koma chitetezo kuchokera ku zolemba ndi mpweya ziyenera.
Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 22 ... + 27 ° C, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri sikamayambitsa mavuto. M'miyezi yozizira, Echeveria amabwera kuti apumule ndipo muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Ngati nthawi yozizira chipinda chimakhala chotentha kwambiri, koma chopanda kuwala kokwanira, phesi limatambalala kwambiri ndikudziwonetsa lokha.
Mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwamakonzedwe a kutentha ndi kuyatsa, mutha kusamutsa maluwa a Echeveria. Miyezi iwiri isanakwane tsiku lokhazikitsidwa, muyenera kuyiyika m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C ndikupereka masana maola maola 12-14.
Kusamalira echeveria yakunyumba
Echeveria imafunikira kuthirira pang'ono ndi madzi ofunda, oyeretsedwa. Pakati pa kuthirira, dothi liyenera kukhala louma kwathunthu. Madzi osefukira amasintha mwachangu mizu ndi masamba otsika. Ndikofunika kuti madzi asadziunjike pafupi ndi tsinde. Ngati duwa limavutika ndi chilala, masamba amafewa ndipo amatha kufinya. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Madzi owonjezera ayenera kusiya mphika osasinthidwa.
Ma Succulents safuna chinyezi chachikulu. Samachita bwino kupopera komanso kusamba posamba.
Kudyetsa echeveria mosamala kwambiri. Feteleza zochulukirapo zimapangitsa masamba kuwola. Ngati dothi limasinthidwa nthawi zambiri mokwanira, ndiye kuti mutha kusiyiratu kuvala pamwamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, gawo la feteleza limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi uliwonse kuyambira pachiyambi cha maluwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo za cacti.
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, echeveria imadwala matenda a fungus. Tiziromboti pafupifupi sitingakhazikike pamasamba chifukwa cha khungu lowala.
