Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chitetezo cha panthaŵi yake, matendawa sangawathandize kuwononga masamba ndi tchire la monstera, komabe, ngati mukuphwanya malamulo, chomerachi chidzakuuzani za mavuto ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Nthaŵi zambiri, zomera zimasintha mtundu, zimataya masamba, zimauma mofulumira, ndipo zimasintha mawonekedwe.
Choncho, tiyeni tsopano tione matenda ofala kwambiri a zomera, tcherani khutu ku tizirombo zake ndikupeza zomwe makamaka tcheru kumvetsetsa pang'ono pa kusintha kwa nthaka.
Monstera: kufotokoza
Kutchire, chilombo chimatchedwa liana yaikulu yomwe ili ya banja la aroid. Mitundu imeneyi imakula m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha, zomwe zili m'madera ozungulira a South ndi Central America komanso ku Brazil.
Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, duwa linachokera ku Asia, komwe ilo linabwezeretsedwa m'zaka za zana la XVII.Masiku ano floriculture, Monstera ndi duwa lofiirira la m'nyumba, lodziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake osasamala komanso kudzichepetsa pachisamaliro. Poyambitsa zinthu zabwino kuti zikule bwino, ngakhale pakhomo, chomeracho chikhoza kufika mamita anayi, ndipo pakangotha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha.
Komabe, atapatsidwa zimenezo Monstera ndi liana, nthawi zonse imakhala ndi chithandizo chokhazikika, chomwe chidzatenga mawonekedwe a mtengo, kupatula malo ndi kupereka chomera chowonekera kwambiri.
Masentimita a masamba ojambula a zomerawa amafikira masentimita 45. Mtengo wa masambawo ndi wathunthu, koma patapita nthawi, mabowo amapezeka m'mabatamba a masamba, omwe amakula ndi kukula kwa tsamba.
Kuwonjezera pa mizu yeniyeni, chifukwa choti mpesa umakula pamtengo, mizu ya mlengalenga ndi yofunika kwambiri. Amafika pansi ndikudyetsa chomera kuchokera pansi.
Kusungunuka bwino kapena kuponyera m'nyumba mwathu kudzakhala nthumwi, hoya, sincapsus, passionflower, tunbergia, jasmine.
Monstera maluwa ndi ofanana ndi mazira ena a aroid ndipo amadziwika ndi inflorescence oyambirira, ofanana ndi chimanga chokulungidwa pamtanda.
Zipatso za Monstera zikuyimiridwa ndi mabulosi amphindi 20 ndi nthochi ya chinanala. Mwa njira, m'mayiko ena, chomeracho chiyamikiridwa makamaka ndi kukoma kwake. N'zoona kuti m'nyumba yopanda monstera sichikukondweretsani ndi chipatso chokoma, chifukwa muzochitika zotere, chomeracho sichimasintha.
Kufotokozera ndi zojambula zowononga Monstera
Ngakhale kuti Monstera imasamalidwa mosamala, pofuna kuthana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zomera, muyenera kudziwa njira zoyenera zothandizira ndi kuchiza.
Shchitovka
Shchitovka - mmodzi mwa adani oyambirira a mlimi, yemwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa zomera zapakhomo. Tizilombo ndi owopsa chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pazigawo zoyamba, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo sizikhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mapuloteni oyambirira, ma ficus osakayikira, echmeas osakumbukika, ziwombankhanga zosasunthika, zinyama zachilendo, zokondwa za Hoveya, zokongola za plumeria, mpweya wonyansa wonyamulira, miltonia wokongola, epiphyllum yokongola, yamakedzana yamdima, yam'manda, yamanda yamakedzana akhoza kukongoletsa nyumba yanu.Pali mitundu yambiri ya zovuta zosiyanasiyana, koma zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mtundu wa sera yomwe imaphimba thupi la tizilombo. Mayi Monsteras, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri mumalimbana ndi zikopa za ivy, zomwe zimafalikira mofulumira pa zokwawa, mizu yambiri komanso pamadzi okha.
Ngati mwakayikira zovuta za chilombo chanu ndipo mukuyang'ana zizindikiro za matenda kapena tizirombo pamasamba ake, ndiye kuti mudzawona kupsinjika kwawo, kutayika kwa zokongoletsera komanso chikasu cha masamba omwe akuyamba kugwa.Zonsezi zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa scythosite, ndipo maonekedwe a bowa wakuda omwe amapezeka pa tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo amathandizira kutsimikizirani zomwe mukuganiza.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, masamba a monster amafafanizidwa ndi swab ya thonje kapena nsalu yoyera yomwe inkagwedezeka m'madzi a sopo. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi mu chipinda, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kamodzi komwe kutentha, kudzathandizanso.
Ndi matenda amphamvu a chomera ayenera kukonzedwa. Ndondomeko ya 0.2% ya rogora, koma pano ndi kovuta kwambiri kumenyana ndi chishango pa siteji iyi, ndipo nthawizina sizingatheke. Ngati zinthu zonse zomwe zikuchitika sizibweretsa zotsatirazi, gawo lomwe likhudzidwa liyenera kuchotsedwa.
Kupuma
Zambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "buboporny", ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi makontinenti onse. Monstera ndi imodzi mwa zomera zambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi tizirombozi ndi matenda omwe amabwera nawo. 
Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu yanji yomwe imakhala pa maluwa anu, chifukwa pali mitundu yoposa 300 ya tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'madera ena a Soviet, ndipo kukula kwake sikunatanthauze kusiyana kwa intraspecific.
Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi otchedwa yokongoletsera, rassyednyh, rosanny, bulbous, fodya, osakaniza ndi mitundu ina.
Mawanga a siliva atangoyamba kuoneka pamasamba a chomera, ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizirika kuti tizilombo sitingathe kupezeka, chifukwa kusintha kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti chomeracho chakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi masamba.
Chinthu choyamba chimene mungachite ndi kusamba chitsamba pansi pa madzi osamba., koma kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, chithandizo chokha ndi njira yapadera chingathandize. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kutsuka 2 ml ya Fitoverma mu 200 ml ya madzi ndikupopera mbewuyo ndi zotsatira zake. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, thumba la pulasitiki losaoneka limayikidwa pa monstera, yomwe imayenera kusungidwa kwa maola oposa 24.
Kapena, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito "Vertimek" (2.5 ml ya mankhwala amadzipiritsika mu 10 malita a madzi), mutatha kukonza yomwe imapanganso thumba la pulasitiki pa chomera.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa amathandiza mankhwala ena amasiku ano, omwe amachokera "Agravertin". Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti pa kutentha pansi pa +18 ° C, sichidutsa mumtengowo.
Kuberekera kwa tizilomboti kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo pamatha kutentha kwambiri (chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo ndi 20- + 25 ° C), imakhala yowirikiza moŵirikiza m'masiku 4-6.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene tizilombo timene timapezeka pa chilombochi, m'pofunika kuyang'ana nthawi yomweyo zomera zonse zikukula pafupi, popeza tizilombo timene timatha kupita kumaluwa oyandikana nawo.
Kangaude mite
Nkhumba za kangaude zimakhala pansi pamunsi mwa masamba a Monstera, kuziphimba ndi mapepala apamwamba, chifukwa cha zomwe zimauma ndi kutaya chidwi chawo. Kuonjezera apo, maonekedwe ake pa chomera amatha kuweruzidwa ndi madontho obiriwira omwe ali pamwamba pa tsamba la masamba, lomwe pamapeto pake limaphatikizapo malo opitirira.
Masamba okhudzidwa amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, kenako amatembenukira chikasu n'kufa. Polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumathandiza "Fitoverm", ndipo ngati njira yowonetsera, mukhoza kutulutsa chilombo nthawi zonse ndi madzi kutentha ndi kusunga chinyezi mu chipinda.
Njira zothandizira anthu kumenyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - anyezi anyezi, adyo infusions, fodya infusions, sopo yankho.Ndi matenda amphamvu ndi nthata zamakono, Actellic imathandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo: madontho 15 a mankhwalawa amatsitsidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikupopera pa zomera.
Kuthamangitsa chipindachi kumathandizanso kwa zilombo, koma ingokumbukirani kuti m'mphepete mwa masamba akhoza kuuma kuchokera ku zotsatira za zojambula.
Mealybug
The mealybug ndi ofanana ndi nkhuni, koma pamwamba pake ili ndi sera yoyera yakuya kutetezera tizilombo ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitunduyi imatha kusuntha mwachangu pazomera, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta, kusonkhanitsa uchimo. 
Ndi matenda akuluakulu, nyongolosi sizidzangomitsa masamba, koma masamba omwe awonongeka adzatha, ndipo chomeracho chidzasiya kukula kwake. Kawirikawiri, mipira yaing'ono ya thonje, ndipo imawoneka ngati nyongolotsi, ili pamunsi mwa chinsalu, koma nthawi zambiri imafika ku mizu.
Pachifukwachi, zimangopangitsa vuto lalikulu, chifukwa tizilombo timakhalabe tomwe timakhalapo ndipo timatha kuchotsa chomeracho mumphika.
Monga njira yotetezera, mukhoza kusamba masamba nthawi zonse, ndikuyang'ana mkati mwawo. Komanso, musayiwale za zomera zina zomwe zili pafupi ndi chilombo: cacti ndi zokometsera zili mu gulu lalikulu laziopsezo.
Zipinda zam'mimba zimatengedwa ndi tizilombo Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Aktara, Fitoverm, Calypso, Konfidor, Fufanon, Decis, Aktellik, sulfure.
Pa zizindikiro zoyambirira za moyo wa mealybug, chomera chovulalacho chiri kutali ndipo nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi kukonzekera kulikonse komwe kumayenera kulimbana ndi tizirombo toyamwa. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo ndi nthawi ya masiku 4-6. 
Mukudziwa? Monstera alibe madzi owopsa, koma pali mapangidwe abwino a singano pamasamba, zomwe zingasokoneze kwambiri ngati mwadzidzidzi mukufunafuna tsamba.
Ma Major Major Monstera Matenda
Pamene mukusamalira bwino chilombo, matendawa amachitikirapo, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti sangakusokonezeni. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi fusarium, blight, chlorosis, anthracnose ndi kuvunda.
Fusarium
Izi ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amafala kwambiri, omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nyumba. Bowa lili m'nthaka ndipo limakhudza maluwa pa msinkhu uliwonse, ngakhale kuti imawonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu zazing'ono, kuvunda kwa mizu ndi mizu nthawi zambiri zimapezeka (m'madera okhudzidwa, ziphuphu zimayamba kukula bulauni, ndipo tsinde limakhala lochepa, masamba amasanduka chikasu).
Posakhalitsa mbewuyo imatha ndipo imatha. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amatha kufooketsa maluwa, makamaka ngati amakula mumkhalidwe wa mvula ndi mpweya. Ngati mwawona kuwonongeka kwa mbali iliyonse ya chomera kapena simungamvetsetse chifukwa chake monstera imauma, ndi nthawi yowononga fusarium.
Phytophthora
Phytophthora (kapena kuchepa koopsa) amadziwika bwino kuti ndi matenda a mbewu zowonongeka, komabe zimapezeka mu chipinda cha floriculture. Bowa ili limakhudza mbali iliyonse ya chomera, koma nthawi zambiri imadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a mizu ndi tsinde lovunda. 
Kutengera kwa zomera kumapezeka kudothi, kubzala, zipangizo komanso madzi. Monstera ikhoza kukhala ndi kachilomboka nthawi yayitali isanayambe, ndipo muyeso yoyamba imangolepheretsa kukula.
Komabe, patapita miyezi ingapo mudzawona kupukuta maluwa. Zoonadi, mawu awa ndi olakwika, chifukwa zambiri pankhaniyi zimadalira mtundu wa fungal pathogen ndi chiwopsezo cha chomeracho, chomwecho chimakhala chifukwa cha nthaka yovuta.
Ndikofunikira! Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kukula kwa zinthu zofiira kwambiri kumakhala masamba ofiira kwambiri pa masamba ndi mapesi a Monstera, kumene kuzungulira kobiriwira kumakhala koonekera bwino. Pamunsi mwa tsamba la masamba, makamaka m'nyengo yamvula, chipika choyera cha mtundu wa mycelium chimapangidwa.Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kapena wandiweyani gawo lapansi kungayambitse kuchitika kwa vuto lochedwa, ndipo popeza palibe njira yothetsera vutoli, ndiye umangotaya chilombocho pamodzi ndi mphika ndi nthaka.
Chlorosis
Chlorosis ya zomera imawonetsedwa mwa kuphwanya mapangidwe a chlorophyll m'mamasamba ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya photosynthesis. Pachifukwachi, mtundu wa tsamba la monstera wodwala umasintha kuchoka ku kuwala kobiriwira mpaka ku chikasu, ndipo pakapita nthawi tsamba la masamba likhoza kukhala loyera. 
Komabe, musamachite mantha nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chochitika choterocho chingakhoze kuwonetsedwa ngakhale ngati chomera chiri pamalo okongola kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ngati, mutatha kutumiza mphika kumalo ochepetsedwa, tsamba la masamba likupitirirabe kukhala lokasu, ndiye ndikofunikira kuti mupitirize kuchiza matendawa. Pazinthu izi, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chelate yachitsulo zomwe zingagulidwe mosavuta pa sitolo iliyonse yapadera (mlingo umasonyezedwa m'mawu).
Anthracnose
Asanayambe florists nthawi zambiri funso likubwera: bwanji monsteras akutembenukira wakuda? Ndipotu, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zowonongeka, ndipo mawonekedwe a zidutswa zakuda za pepala amathandiza kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda a anthracnose sitingathe kunena kuti masamba amakhala akuda kwambiri, koma amakhala ndi mawanga a chikasu, ozunguliridwa ndi mphete zakuda.
Chomeracho chimataya zonse zokongoletsera, chifukwa chake amayamba kumenyana ndi matenda nthawi yomweyo.
Pazigawo zoyamba, nthendayi isanafalikire kupyola muzomera, ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa, kenaka ndi nthawi imodzi ndi theka kwa masabata atatu, perekani monstera 2-3 nthawi ndi fungicidal kukonzekera (mwachitsanzo, "Oxyhom" kapena mkuwa sulphate).
Ngati mwasowa chiyambi cha chitukuko cha anthracnose ndipo zizindikiro zake zimaonekera pazomera zonse, ndiye bwino kuwononga maluwa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zingathandize kupeŵa kuipitsidwa kwa zomera zina.
Monga njira yowonetsetsera, m'pofunika kuchotsa masamba owuma kuchokera ku chomera panthaŵi yake, ndipo mukhoza kupopera chilombochi zamkuwa zamkuwa kapena cuproxate.
Popeza matendawa amavomerezedwa mosavuta ndi kusungira, tizirombo, kapena ngakhale mvula, ndiye kuti mukasamalira duwa, muyenera kumvetsera izi.
Rotani
Kawirikawiri, masamba a monstera amatembenukira chakuda kapena oyera kapena kwathunthu, kapena kuti, kuti adziwe zoyenera kuchita, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zochitikazi. Choyamba, munthu ayenera kumvetsera boma la ulimi wothirira, chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, masamba a chomera amayamba kutembenukira chikasu kenako amdima, koma ngati pali chinyezi chochuluka, ndiye kuti wakuda ukuwoneka pamasamba obiriwira.
Pankhaniyi, pali mitundu iwiri yovunda: youma ndi yonyowa. Zidzakhala zokwanira kuti muwone chilombocho, ndipo mwamsanga mukangowona, muyenera kuchepetsa mwamsanga kuthirira.
Nthawi zambiri nyumba zimakhala zovunda ndipo zimakhala zovunda, ndipo ngakhale kuti monstera imatha mokwanira matenda, sizitetezedwa. Pazigawo zoyamba za matendawa, malo amdima amaonekera makamaka kumalo omwe akufa a monstera, koma mofulumira amapita ku thanzi labwino.
Kwa zomera zapakhomo kuchokera ku fungicides, gamir P, trichodermine, alirin-B, phytosporin amakonda.Polimbana ndi matendawa zowonongeka kapena zitsulo zamkuwazomwe zimayambitsa chomera mu magawo awiri ndi kupuma kwa masabata 1-2.
Zowonongeka kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha pakhomo
Si chinsinsi kuti phindu la zomera zonse zapanyumba kapena zamasamba zimafunikira chisamaliro choyenera, poganizira zosowa za mtundu wina. Monstera pambaliyi ndizosiyana, kotero kusintha kulikonse kwa mtundu wozolowereka, makamaka, umayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yake. 
Mwachitsanzo, ngati masamba a monstera akutembenukira chikasu ndi youma, ndiye kuti mwina:
- m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa (ngati vutoli lidawonedwa m'nyengo yozizira);
- kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsiridwa ntchito kumakhala kofunika, makamaka ngati mabala a bulauni amaonekera pazomera pambali pa masamba achikasu;
- ndikofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kuonjezera chinyezi mu chipinda, chifukwa nthawi zambiri izi zimayambitsa kukwera kwa chikasu ndi kugwa kwa masamba.
Ngati masamba a Monstera anasintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu, ndiye chomera chimafuna mthunzi.
Komanso, monstera nthawi zambiri imayamba "kulira." Madontho osakanikirana amafalikira pamagulu a chomeracho, kuwonetsa kuti madzi akumwa kwambiri. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, nkofunika kuti nthaka iume pang'ono ndikuwonjezereka pakati pa madzi okwanira.
Mukudziwa? Kutsetsereka pa masamba a Monstera kaŵirikaŵiri kumawoneka kusanayambe mvula kapena nyengo yamvula.Ngati simungathe kuunikira, Monstera amasiya kukula, chotero, pofuna kulimbikitsa njirayi, m'pofunika kupereka chomeracho ndi kuwala kokwanira komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.
Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri amalimbikitsa nthawi ndi nthawi kusungunula masamba, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse. Ndi bwino kuthirira nthaka pokhapokha mutsempha wouma kwambiri, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito madzi enieniwo kukhala wochuluka.
