Kodi mungatani kuti muzisamalira mphesa?

Mukamalima mphesa, mwinamwake mwawona kuti mawanga a mdima mwadzidzidzi anawoneka pamasamba ndikuphulika. Maonekedwe a mdima pa ziwalo zake zonse amalankhula za matendawa.

M'nkhani ino tidzanena mwatsatanetsatane za mphesa ya anthracnose, padzakhala chithunzi cha masamba odwala ndi malingaliro okhudza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphesa.

Zamkatimu:

• Chochititsa chidwi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa
• Mitundu yowonongeka ndi yogonjetsedwa
• Mmene mungamenyane ndi momwe mungachitire
• Kukonzekera (fungicides)
• Bwanji nanga za mankhwala achikhalidwe?
• Njira zothandizira

Kufotokozera ndi zinthu

Pogonjetsedwa ndi masamba a mphesa, amawoneka mawanga a mtundu wofiirira kapena wofiira (kukula kwake kumatha kufika 5mm), nthawi zambiri ndi msuzi woyera. Patapita nthawi, tsambalo lili pakatikati pa malowa limatuluka ndipo limagwedezeka. Masamba a mphesa amawapangitsa kukhala "otetezedwa." Ngati mitsempha ya masamba imakhudzidwa, imamwalira. Pogonjetsedwa ndi mphukira, mdima wandiweyani amaonekera pamtunda wawo, womwe umakhala ngati zilonda zam'mimba, nthawi zambiri zimafika pachimake pa mphukira. Pa nthawi yomweyi mphukira imakhala yofooka ndikufa pang'onopang'ono. Kunja, iwo amakhala ngati otentha. Zipatso, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu, zimakhalanso ndi mdima, malo awo ali opunduka, khungu limatha ndipo limaphuka. About yakucha zipatso, ndithudi, si. Ngati anthracnose apita ku inflorescences, ndiye amafa. Kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri, nthendayi imayambitsa achinyamata mphukira.

Mukudziwa? "Ampelotherapy" ndi mankhwala omwe amachiza mphesa (mbali zonse za zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito).

Chochititsa chidwi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Matenda a anthracnose amayamba ndi bowa wa mitundu ya Gloeoporium, Colletotrichum, Kabatiella. Makhalidwe abwino pa kubereka kwa bowayi amapereka chinyezi ndi nyengo yotentha. Ntchito ya bowa imakula pambuyo mvula yamasika. Nthawi yopuma yotentha mumadzi ozizira (kutentha kwa 20-30 ° C) nyengo imatha masiku osachepera atatu.

Mphesa zimayambanso matenda ena: chlorosis, mildew, powdery mildew.

Kuzizira kwa nyengo yachisanu kwa spores ya bowa sikulepheretsa - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathera nthawiyi m'madera okhudzidwa a mphesa. Mu chilala, spores amagawidwa mumagulu ndipo, mvula ikangoyamba, imapitirizabe kuwononga. Mitengo ina imasamutsidwa ndi mvula.

Mitundu yowonongeka ndi yogonjetsedwa

Zomwe zimakhala zovuta kutsutsana ndi anthracnose zimapezeka mu mitundu iyi:

• Chisangalalo;

• Husayne;

• Karaburnu;

• Lydia

Mitundu iyi siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti idzabzalidwe m'malo omwe adapulumuka chiwembu cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mukudziwa? Parsley, wobzalidwa pansi pa msuwani, amathandiza kuteteza mipesa ku tizirombo tizilombo.

Mitundu yotsatilayi ikuwonetsa bwino kutsutsana ndi matendawa:

• Riesling;

• Sauvignon;

• Codrean;

• Tsolikouri;

• Saperavi;

• Tangra;

• Yasya

Mitundu iyi idzawathandiza kuyima ndi kusinthasintha kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, palibe amene angapereke chitsimikizo cha 100% chochotsera matendawa. Pofuna kuthana kwathunthu ndi nthenda yamphesa, ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza zomera zonse.

Onetsetsani mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya zofiira, pinki, mphesa zakuda, zamagetsi ndi ma tebulo.

Mmene mungamenyane ndi momwe mungachitire

Ngakhale kuti matendawa amachititsa manyazi, matendawa amachiritsidwa. Pambuyo pozindikira zizindikiro za matendawa, m'pofunika kuti muthe kudula malo okhudzidwawo, mutatha kudulira, pitirizani kulandira mankhwala ndi systemic fungicides.

Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kudulira matenda a mphesa, onetsetsani kuti mukuwotcha! Zipangizo zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kudulira ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka.

Kukonzekera (fungicides)

Pali mankhwala oterowo omwe amathandiza kuchotsa mphesa yamphesa:

• "Bordeaux osakaniza";
• "Mwakhama";
• "Fitosporin M";
• "Antracol";
• "Acrobat MC";
• "Trichodermin";
• "Kuproskat".

Poyamba mankhwalawa amakhala oyenera "Bordeaux osakaniza" (1%). Nthambi za mpesa ziyenera kukhala osachepera 10 cm m'litali. Chithandizo chotsatira chiyenera kukhala pamasabata awiri, yankho liyenera kukhala laling'ono. Zimalangizanso kuti apange kupopera mankhwala pambuyo pa mvula ndi matalala.

Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi ya chithandizo chomera ndi anti-anthracnose mankhwala, kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa.

Kuti awononge bowa pambuyo pa hibernation, m'pofunika kuti nthambi izi zikhale ndizikonzekera musanayambe mphukira:

• "DNOC";
• "Nitrofen".

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa monga kukonzekera akhoza kuchitika kumapeto kwa autumn, pambuyo kudulira mipesa. Chiwerengero cha mankhwala amadalira kukula kwa mbeu.

Bwanji nanga za mankhwala achikhalidwe?

Mwamwayi, ngati anthracnose ikakantha mphesa zanu, ndiye kuti mayiko omwe akulamulira pano alibe mphamvu.

Njira zothandizira

Monga momwe mwadziwira kale, chithandizo cha matenda a mphesa, makamaka, matenda a mphesa ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta. Ndi kosavuta kuchita zinthu zowononga nthawi ndi kusangalala ndi zokoma ndi zokometsera zipatso kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kupewa matenda a fungalo ndikofunika:

• pitirizani kusamalira munda (kumwa madzi okwanira nthawi, kuchepetsa chinyezi chochulukirapo, kusakanikirana kwakukulu, kuonetsetsa kuti kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kumadera akutali kwambiri m'munda wamphesa, kuyeretsa nthaka namsongole ndi masamba akugwa)
• kusamba mankhwala nthawi zonse mutatha kudulira malo owonongeka a zomera;
• kukula mitundu yomwe imasonyeza kukana matenda amtundu uwu;
• Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (osachepera 3 pa nyengo) amayamba mwamsanga kutuluka kwa masamba.

Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa minda yamphesa ndiko kufalikira mofulumira kwa spores. Ngati palibe mankhwala oyenera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuwononga nthawi yanu yokolola.