Ophunzira amaluwa kapena oyamba kumene ali mu bizinesiyi akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi chophunzira za mtengo wosavuta, koma wamtengo wapatali wa phwetekere, womwe umapereka zokolola zabwino kwambiri. Ambiri a ife timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tomato ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, koma chomera ichi ngati mawonekedwe ndi masiku ano. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za "chodabwitsa" ichi, komanso tcheru ku nkhani za kulima kwawo.
Ichi ndi chiani?
Pansi pa chilengedwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tamarillo (dzina lina la mtengo wa phwetekere) ndi tchire kapena mitengo yonse, nthawi zambiri imakhala mamita asanu m'litali.Kulemera kwa korona kumakhala pafupifupi 50 mamita, ndipo pali tomato 5-6 pamsana umodzi, nthawi zambiri kulemera amafikira 150 g. Masamba a chomera amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a oval, ndipo pamene maluwa pamaluwa amaoneka ngati maluwa okongola. 
Za zipatso, akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana: kuchokera ku lalanje mpaka wofiira kwambiri. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma kwambiri. Poyesa pafupifupi, mbewu imeneyi imatha kubala zipatso kwa zaka pafupifupi 15, ndipo fruiting imayamba m'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala.
Kukolola ku mtengo wa phwetekere ndibwino kukonzekera kuvala, sauces, komanso kukonzekera cocktails za masamba kapena mtundu uliwonse woteteza. Ndiko kuti, ziribe kanthu momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito tomato, pakukula izi zosiyanasiyana panyumba, mumakhala ndi magwero abwino a mavitamini.
Ngati poyamba munkafunika kukula mbeu (eggplants, tsabola, tomato ena), ndiye kuti mukulimbana ndi ntchitoyi kuti musakhale ndi vuto. Chinthu chokha chomwe chimafunika kuti mukolole zambiri ndi malo okwanira a kukula kwa mtengo ndikuwusamalira bwino, zomwe tidzakambirane.
Mukudziwa? Popeza tomato anawonekera pa matebulo a azungu, nthawi yambiri yatha (iwo anabweretsedwa ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma XVI), koma siyense amene akudziwa kuti zipatsozi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito pophika nthawi yayitali. Pazigawo zoyambirira zodziwa chikhalidwe, wamaluwa ankawona kuti ndi chomera chakupha ndipo anakula ngati "chikhumbo" chochokera ku mayiko akutsidya kwa nyanja. Zomwe zinachitikira ku Ulaya koyamba ndi tomato zinayambira mu 1692.
Mavuto akukula
Chifukwa cha mtengo wosasangalatsa wa mtengo wa phwetekere ndi kukula kwake, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti chomera chimenecho chidzafuna malo obiriwira otentha ndi ofunika kwambiri odzala ndi kukonzanso. Tidzamvetsetsa nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane. 
Kutentha kwakukulu
Octopus ikukula ikugwira ntchito mwa mtundu uliwonse wa greenhouses (ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kulima kuthengo), koma chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi chakuti ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse mu chipinda chowotcha ndi kuyatsa. Inde, popatsidwa kukula kwa mtengo wa phwetekere, wowonjezera kutentha sayenera kukhala osachepera 50 mamita awiri, ndipo kuti ukhale ndi chomera chachikulucho, uyeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira: kuyambira 1 mpaka 2 m² (mwachitsanzo, chipinda chakale chakumbudzi).
Komanso, musayiwale kukonzekera ndi kutseka kukula koyenera, komwe m'tsogolomu kudzatha kuteteza zida zakuthupi m'chilimwe. 
Monga chiwerengero chowonjezera, padzakhalanso kusamba kwakung'ono, komwe kumakhala malo okonzekera njira zowonjezera mchere.
Inde, pokhapokha ngati palibe malo oyenera, chomeracho chikhoza kukula pamtunda wobiriwira, koma pokhapokha tikhoza kukambirana za nyengo yomwe timapanga zipatso kuchokera ku zitsamba zamtali (zokolola zimakhala pamtunda wa makilogalamu 10 kuchokera ku chitsamba). Poyerekeza ndi kukula kosalekeza mu mtengo wa phwetekere, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 1,500 a tomato, ngakhale zitatha zaka 1.5 kuti zikule.
Kuunikira
Chomera cha mbewu yomwe imalimidwa pazifukwa zonse chimadalira pa mulingo woyenera wa kutentha magawo ndi kuunikira, osati kokha pofesa mbewu, komanso panthawi yopanga zipatso. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikirazi, malo obiriwira amakhala ndi magetsi a nyali (kuti nyali za fulorosenti) kuti panthawi yonse ya chitukuko cha tomato dzuwa lawo likhale maola 12. 
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha kwakukulu, komwe chilimwe chiyenera kukhala mkati mwa 24 ... +25 ° C, ndipo pakubwera kwa nyengo yozizira, sikutsika kuposa 19 ° C.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Chitsulo chabwino cha mtengo wa phwetekere chimapanga chimodzimodzi zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tomato wamba, ndipo mkhalidwe waukulu mwa izi ndizofunika kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso mpweya wabwino wa dothi la octopus, ndipo ziribe kanthu kaya wakula pamtunda kapena pamalo otentha. Kuwonjezera apo, onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi osakanikirana ndipo musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse amasula nthaka ndi mathala. Kuphimba nthaka mutabzala mtengo ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lokulitsa.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa phwetekere ndi chomera chopanda phindu (monga feteleza), choncho ndibwino kukonzekera pasadakhale nambala yambiri ya feteleza.
Tikufika
Kubzala kwa octopus kungagawidwe m'magulu angapo: choyamba, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa ndipo kusamalidwa kwa mbande kumachitika, ndiyeno mbande zikuluzikulu zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamalo ena okonzedwera. 
Kufesa mbewu
Mbewu ya phwetekere ingabzalidwe m'nthaka nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, koma amaluwa ambiri omwe akudziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti achite izi kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena m'masiku oyambirira a masika. Choyamba, zonse zomwe zimabzala zimayikidwa mufiriji kwa maola 12, ndipo patatha nthawiyi zimagawidwa mu chidebe chokonzekera mbande (bokosi la matabwa lomwe liri ndi kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita ndi njira yabwino).
Mbewu iliyonse iyenera kuikidwa m'manda otsekedwa pansi mpaka masentimita 1.5, kenako mbeuyo imathiridwa ndi filimuyo. Akangoyamba kumera, amafunika kukhala pansi pamiphika, omwe amakula mpaka atapita ku malo awo okhala.
Kusamalira mmera
Kusamalira mbande kumafuna ulimi wothirira ndi nthawi zonse umuna. Mbewu zazing'ono zimathiriridwa ngati dothi lauma (pafupifupi kawiri pa masiku asanu ndi awiri), ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kupyolera mu tray.
Pankhani ya feteleza, monga momwe zimakhalira ulimi wothirira, maulendo awo sayenera kukhala osachepera kangapo pa sabata, nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta. Pamene mukukula mbande m'nyengo yozizira, kuyambitsidwa kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo kudyetsa kawirikawiri kuli bwino kusiya. 
Zoonadi, panthawiyi simuyenera kuiwala za kutentha kwa chipinda mu chipinda ndi mbande (osati poyerekeza ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C) ndi nyali yake yokwanira, yomwe imaperekedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyali za fulorosenti kwa maola 12-15.
Mukudziwa? Kulemera kwa zipatso za mitundu yambiri ya tomato sikuposa 1 makilogalamu, koma wokhala ku Minnesota (USA) adatha kulowa mu Guinness Book of Records chifukwa cha phwetekere yomwe inakula ndi 3800 g.
Kubzala tomato
Ngati mbeu yofesa pa mbande idakonzedwa mu January kapena kumayambiriro kwa February, ndiye pofika pakati pa mwezi wa April, mbande zanu zidzakhala zokonzeka kuziyika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kawirikawiri panthawiyi kutentha kwa chipinda koteroko kumasungidwa mosasunthika pa 20% + 25 ° ะก, zomwe ndizokwanira kuti chitukuko cha mtengo wa phwetekere chiwonjezeke. Ndi bwino kukweza mabedi kuti abzalitse 0,5 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka ndi kumalire ndi njerwa zachitsulo, kuti athe kutentha bwino. 
Kuchokera ku mbande zokolola zimasankha mbande zokhazokha, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kubzala kumachitika m'mabowo okonzedweratu, 10-15 masentimita akuya, ndikupanga nambala yowonjezera ya mphukira, zongolani mzere wochepa wa timapepala ndikuyika mmera mmunda musanayambe masamba otsala.
Pamene mukukonzekera mabowo mu dzenje lirilonse, m'pofunika kuwonjezera phulusa laling'ono ndi gawo laling'ono la Azofoski, komanso ndibwino kuti kompositi idziwitsidwe kumalo omwe mtengo wa phwetekere unayikidwa mu kugwa (kuikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 20-25). Mpaka kutentha kutentha kwa stabilizes (mpaka kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa usana ndi usiku zizindikiro zikutha) ndi bwino kuphimba mbande zokhala ndi lutrasil zokhazikitsidwa pa arcs. 
Kusamalira ndi kulima baka wamkulu
Mtengo wa phwetekere, monga mitundu ina ya mbewuyi, sivuta kukula kunyumba, chinthu chofunikira ndi kupereka chomera choyenera. Kuikapo chimphona cham'tsogolo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi theka la nkhondo, ndipo theka lachiwiri limaphatikizapo kudziwa zina mwazitsamba, kuthirira feteleza ndi zina zotero.
Choncho, mankhwala ndi zakudya zamchere zimapangidwa monga feteleza, ndipo mapulogalamuwa ayenera kukhala ndi boric acid, magnesium, potassium, zinki, mkuwa, ammonium nitrate komanso simple superphosphate. Manyowawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka kamodzi pamlungu. Monga njira yothetsera matenda osiyanasiyana a tomato, yankho lapadera ndi ayodini ndizokwanira (1 botolo ayenera kusungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi). Kamodzi pa sabata, mukhoza kudyetsa ndi madzi amadzimadzi otsekemera. 
Musaiwale kuti chaka choyamba mudabzala mtengo wanu wa phwetekere sayenera kubala chipatso, mwinamwake mtsogolo simungathe kupeza chomera choyenera. Komanso, musamamatire mtengo, kusiya mphukira kukhala yotetezeka komanso yomveka bwino.
Inde, kuti kukula kwakukulu ndi chitukuko cha chimphona choterechi, kumafuna madzi okwanira okwanira, kutanthauza kuti, kuyambira May, kuthirira kumakhala kokwanira mokwanira, komanso nyengo ya nyengo - tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuwonjezera madzi m'nthaka m'mawa, chifukwa panthawiyi khungu la zipatso zowonjezera limatulutsa, ndipo limachepetsanso madzulo. Mukathirira kawiri pa tsiku (m'mawa ndi madzulo), tomato amangoswa, chifukwa madzi omwe amalowa amachotsa khungu mkati.Poyambitsa chomera ngati momwe zingathere kuti zinthu zikhale bwino kuti zikule ndi kukula, chipatso choyamba chikhoza kuyembekezedwa kale pakati pa mwezi wa June, chomwe chiri kale kwambiri kusiyana ndi kucha kwa mitundu ina yonse ya phwetekere. Komanso, mtengowu udzapitirizabe kufalikira mpaka m'dzinja (ndi pambuyo pake), pamene mbeu yatoledwa kuchokera ku mitundu ina yonse yakale.
Phunzirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato mitundu "Katya", "Volgograd", "Siberian early", "Persimmon", "White filling", "Tretyakovsky", "Black Prince", "White filling".
Kodi n'zotheka kukula pamalo otseguka?
Ambiri amaluwa amakhulupirira kuti mtengo wa phwetekere panyumba uyenera kukula pokhapokha mu greenhouses makamaka okonzekera izi, koma mwakuchita izi zitsimikiziridwa zatsimikiziridwa kangapo kamodzi kanyumba kanyumba ka chilimwe. 
Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino a chomera, potsatira malangizo ena:
- Kufesa mbewu ayenera kuchitidwa kale kwambiri kusiyana ndi zina za tomato, komanso m'nyengo yachisanu, mbande zimakula zofunikira zowonjezerapo;
- Kuti muyambe kukula kwa mizu yatsopano, muyenera kutsitsa muzu waukulu;
- Kukula kumayenera kuchitika malinga ndi dongosolo 40x60x140 masentimita, chifukwa mtengo wa tomato wa mawonekedwe a chitsamba m'boma la akuluakulu ukhoza kufika pamtunda wa mamita 3-4 (mutakula mu greenhouses, mtengowu ndi waukulu);
- monga mu nyengo yotentha, pasynkovanie zomera zotseguka sichifunika;
- Nthawi zonse kumbukirani zovala zomwe zimayambira muzu (zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi zomera zowonjezera kutentha ndizofunikira kwambiri pa feteleza);
- Kulepheretsa ndi kupewa nthawi zonse zomera kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala "alendo" pa iwo;
- Kuti muwonjezere zokolola, m'pofunika kuchotsa chikasu, masamba akale omwe ali pamunsi mwa thunthu (izi zimayambira pa siteji ya zipatso zakucha pa burashi loyamba la maluwa);
- Nyamakazi imakonda kutentha kwa dzuwa kwambiri, choncho ndibwino kuti tiyike pamalo abwino (kuwala kochepa kwa chomera ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zopangira mazira a zipatso zamtsogolo).
Monga momwe mukuonera, palibe malo apadera oyenera kuti mukhale ndi mtengo wa phwetekere kumudzi mwanu, ngakhale mutchire mwinamwake udzayimiridwa ndi chitsamba chofanana ndi chitsamba, pamene mukubzala mu malo otentha omwe amatha kuikapo mpweya, zidzatheketsa kukolola zochuluka kuchokera ku mtengo wofanana ndi mtengo.
