Zipatso zamitundu ya mphesa zoyamba kucha "Zilga" amasangalala ndi abusa a Baltic, Belarusian, Norwegian, Swedish ndi Canada. Wosakanizidwa wapanga kuzindikira konsekonse chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, kutentha kwa chisanu ndi kumasuka kwa kulima. Ubwino, zovuta ndi zochitika za kusamalira zosiyanasiyana zidzakambidwanso.
Mbiri yobereka
Kulemba kwa zosiyanasiyana, kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za kukhalapo kwake, wapambana chikondi cha winemakers padziko lonse lapansi, ndi wofalitsa wa ku Latvia Paul Sukanteks. Iye ali ndi pafupifupi zana la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpesa. Choncho, zachilendo nthawi yomweyo zinadzutsa chidwi. Amachokera ku mtundu wa abambo a mtundu wa Russia omwe amadziwika panthawiyo. "Mkazi wamdima wakuda", "Chikumbutso cha Novgorod" ndi "Dvietess" ya Chi Latvia.
Wasayansi anadzipangitsa yekha kuthetsa vuto la olima vinyo kuchokera ku madera omwe nyengo yachisanu imadziwika ndi kuuma. Chotsatira chake, mpesa wa Zilgi umakhala womasuka ngakhale ndi chisanu cha madigiri makumi atatu ndipo popanda pogona kumayima masiku ozizira otentha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayamba mizu ngakhale m'madera omwe mphesa zina sizimapisa pansi pogona. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, amasiyanitsa ndi kusunga bwino zipatso zamtundu wokoma pakakhala nthawi yayitali kuthengo.
Mukudziwa? Pafupifupi masentimita 80,000 mamita a malo pa makontinenti onse ali ndi minda ya mpesa. Komanso, zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa makumi asanu ndi awiri (70%) zamasamba zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphotho, 27% - chifukwa chokolola zipatso zatsopano ndipo 2% yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoumba. Mitengo yambiri ya mphesa ndi ya Spain, France, ndi Italy.
Kufotokozera
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zosiyana, kufotokozera mwachidule za Zilga mphesa akhoza kuwonetsedwa m'mawu angapo: lalikulu-fruited, oyambirira kucha, yozizira yolimba ntchito yosakanizidwa padziko lonse. Koma kwa wolima munda wazomwezi, ndithudi, sangakhale okwanira. Choncho, tikukonzekera kuti tiphunzire mwatsatanetsatane zochitika za mitundu.
Shrub
Chomera chimapanga paokha kapena kumtengowo mizu ndipo chimasiyanitsa ndi mphukira zazitali zomwe zimapsa 85% pa msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi. Maphunziro nthawi zambiri amafika pamtunda wautali, ndipo miyendo yake mizu imakula kwambiri. Kwa zitsamba zosakanizidwa zimakhala zowonjezera, ndipo zimachepetsa kakang'ono masamba atatu otsekedwa a kukula kwakukulu ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono. Tsamba lililonse kumbuyo kumatuluka pang'ono. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Mabungwe
Mukhoza kusangalala ndi zipatso zokoma za zosiyanasiyana pakati pa July - oyambirira August. Mphesa zimasonkhanitsidwa mwamphamvu m'magulu akuluakulu olemera, aliyense akulemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu. Nthawi zambiri amapanga mapiko ena. Mabokosi ogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ophatikizana amapezeka, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa mitundu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati m'bwalo laling'ono munda wamphesa uli wochepa, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti asamakhale ndi mphukira.
Kuphulika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasonyezedwa ndi mthunzi wa buluu wakuda ndi kufooka kochepa kwa zipatso za oval.. Iwo amakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kokoma ndi zolemba za muscatel zowala ndi zonunkhira. Malingana ndi makhalidwe okoma, "Zilga" amayesedwa pa mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pa zotheka 10. Zipatso zili ndi shuga pafupifupi 20%, ndipo acidity yawo siiliposa 5 g / l.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa monga "Nizina", "Valek", "Victor", mphesa Burdak AV, "Lily of the Valley", "Ku Memory of Negrul", "Libya", "Talisman", "Valentine", " Romeo "," Victoria "," Sofia "," Halachi "," Furor "," Kusintha "," Baikonur "," Zowonjezera ".
Mbali yodabwitsa ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yazing'ono zamtengo wapatali, peel wakuda ndi 2-3 pips mkati. Amayi amasiye amagwiritsira ntchito zipatso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mowa, kupanga vinyo wokhazikika, timadziti ndi makina. Ena mu ndemanga amanena kuti ngati zipatso zabwino zamasamba sizimachotsedwa ku mpesa kwa nthawi yayitali, zidzakwera pang'onopang'ono ku dzuwa ndipo zikhoza kufika ku zoumba.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwabwino kwa makhalidwe a amayi, wolenga wosakanizidwa ankatha kutanthauzira zenizeni malingaliro onse a wamaluwa m'madera ndi nyengo yowawa. Pogwiritsa ntchito chisamaliro cha pulayimale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalola kusonkhanitsa zokolola zabwino za zipatso zapamwamba komanso osadandaula kuti chomeracho sichikhala m'nyengo yozizira kapena chidzawonongedwa ndi tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mu kufotokoza za mitundu ya mphesa "Zilga" zake zikuluzikulu.
Mukudziwa? Ukrainians pafupifupi kudya mphesa. Izi zanenedwa ndi akatswiri, pofufuza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka kwa mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe. Zili choncho kuti m'dziko lathu nzika iliyonse sidya ngakhale kilogalamu ya zipatso kwa chaka, pamtunda wa makilogalamu 10.
Pereka
Pafupipafupi, masango osachepera atatu amapangidwa pa mphukira imodzi ya "Zilgi". Ndipo aliyense pafupi zipatso makumi asanu. Pazifukwa zabwino zokomera zomera kuchokera ku chitsamba, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri.
Nthawi yogonana
"Silga" akuyimira mitundu yoyambirira. Botanists amazindikira nthawi yabwino ya zipatso zipatso masiku 120, ndipo ogula amanena kuti nyengo yabwino nyengo zipatso zikatuluka pambuyo 100 masiku. Makamaka, chitsanzo chomwecho chikuwonetsedwa kumadera akummwera, kumene nyengo ili yovuta.
Mudzakhala wokondwa kuti mudziwe bwino luso, mphesa zoyambirira komanso zamphesa
Zima hardiness
Kupirira kwachibadwa kwa mitundu yozizira ndi kuzizira kunali ntchito yaikulu yobereka "Zilgi". Ndipo zotsatira zomwe zatulutsidwa zingakhoze kuonedwa kuti ndi kupindula kwa obereketsa ku Latvia. Ndipotu, mpesa wopanda pogona ukhoza kutha m'nyengo yozizira ngakhale pa madigiri 32 a chisanu.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Zilga saganizira zoopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma mu nyengo ya mvula yambiri yamvula, pamene malo abwino okonzera zoweta zosiyanasiyana amapangidwa, amatha kuwonongeka ndi imvi yowawa, mildew, ndi oidium zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya mphesa. Choncho, akatswiri amalangiza kawiri nyengo kuti azitha kupopera mankhwala ndi fungicide ("Fundazol", "Maxim") kapena ndi gawo limodzi la Bordeaux osakaniza.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala mphesa ngati feteleza, musagwiritsire ntchito manyowa abwino kapena nkhumba zina. Monga lamulo, liri ndi mphutsi zambiri za kafadala zovulaza, zomwe, mwakukula kwa kukula kwake, zidzayamba kudyetsa pa mphesa.
Pakati pa tizilombo zomwe zimakhumudwitsa eni ake minda ya mpesa ndi mavu. Zipatso zikayamba kuphuka, nthawi yomweyo amamera kulikonse kuti azikhala okoma. Pambuyo pake, masangowa amatha kuona maonekedwe awo. Ndipo zipatsozo zimangowonongeka mwamsanga. Pofuna kuteteza mbewu ku mano okongola, ambuye omwe amadziwa bwino amatha kuchotsa zisa zonsezo pabwalo. Ndi bwino kuchita usiku usiku pamene tizilombo tagona. Ndi bwino kuwagwedeza mu chidebe ndi madzi otentha kapena thumba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Aktara", "Bi - 58 Watsopano", "Aktellik") ubweya wa thonje. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito njirayi mulibe kulimbika kokwanira kapena chifukwa china simungathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu, chitetezeni magulu a mphesa mumatumba apadera. Popeza kumenyana ndi zilonda nthawi zambiri sikubweretsa zotsatira, pofuna chitetezo, malo omwe amapangidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki pafupi ndi mpesa.
Timalangizanso kuti mudziwe momwe mungagwirire ndi chotupa ndi kuwononga mphesa.
Kubzala ndi kusankha mbewu
Akatswiri amatchula nthawi yabwino yoti rooting ikhale yotulukanyengo ikakhala yosasuntha ndipo nthaka imawomba mokwanira. Koma kukonzekera kubzala kumayenera kuchita mu kugwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa wosakanizidwa bwino, tulukani masamba makumi atatu.
Panopa zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa September - oyambirira a Oktoba, muyenera kusankha pazomwe kudzadza chitsamba ndi kukonzekera nthaka. Zomwe zili zowoneka kuti "Zilgi", malo otetezedwa ku malo abwino ndi kumene kulibe mphepo zakumpoto, ndipo madzi samasonkhanitsa panthawi yachisanu ndi mvula.
Pambuyo kukumba dera losankhidwa, panga dzenje lalikulu ndi mita. Phimbani pansi pansi ndi madzi osanjikiza, kenaka muphimbe mpaka theka ndi nthaka yachonde. Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito kompositi, manyowa a nkhuku kapena manyowa a akavalo komanso malo okwera pamwamba pa malowa. Zigawo zonse zimasakanizidwa mu magawo ofanana. Onjezani granular superphosphate. Agrochemists amalangiza kuphatikiza feteleza onse ngati chinthu chofunikira ndipo kenaka amathira nthaka. Gombe lamadza pamwamba, lophimbidwa ndi mdima wakuda wa pulasitiki ndikusiya mpaka masika.
Ndikofunika kupeza sapling nthawi yomwe mukufuna kukalima. Chitani bwino m'mabungwe apadera ndi malo olima. Kumbukirani kuti ubwino wokhala ndi zokolola umatsimikiziranso kuti zimakhala bwino komanso zimapezeka m'zaka zisanu zotsatira, kotero posankha, samalani kwambiri. Yang'anani bwinobwino mizu ndi zimayambira. Ayenera kukhala ndi yunifolomu pamwamba, yopanda ziphuphu, ming'alu ndi zina zotayika.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso za mphesa zili ndi zinthu 150 zokhazikika ndi mavitamini oposa khumi ndi awiri omwe ali ndi kalori wokwanira 65 kcal.
Mizu ya mmera imayenera kukhala yosalala ndi yatsopano. Onetsetsani kuti si malo ouma, owuma kapena oundana. Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa akulangizidwa kuti pang'ono ayambe nsonga ya muzu ndondomeko. Mtengo watsopanowu umene umapezeka pa siteti ya chilonda umasonyeza kuti mwatsopano umakhala watsopano.
Kuchokera ku mbeu zamphesa zamtunduwu, perekani zokonda kwambiri ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kugula zitsamba, sankhani ma copy ndi rhizome ya theka la mita ndi mpesa. Payenera kukhala osachepera makilogalamu khumi pa mphukira.
Posakhalitsa pamaso pa kuwombera Muyenera kuika mbeu mu chidebe cha madzi Ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kuwonjezerapo kukula kulikonse. Pambuyo pake, mizu iyenera kuchitidwa ndi dothi ladongo lomwe lidzawapulumutse kuti asayambe.
Mukamabzala m'dzenje lokonzedwa kuchokera ku autumn, amachotsa zofunikira za nthaka kuti mizu ya mbewu ikhale yabwino. Kenaka kuwonjezeka kumathirizidwa mpaka nthaka itasiya kuyamwa. Pambuyo pake mukhoza kuika mmera, kuwongolera mizu yake ndikuphimba ndi gawo lapansi. Musaiwale kuti mwadula mosamala kuti mudzaze voids yopangidwa muzu. Onetsetsani kuti anthu awiri akuleredwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati tikukamba za chitsamba chophatikizidwa, malo opatsirana katemera ayenera kukhala 3 masentimita apamwamba kuposa nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala minda yamphesa, sungani mtunda pakati pa zomera mkati mwa 1.5-2 mamita.Mutabzala, wosakanizidwa ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kusongedwanso kamodzi ndi humus kapena peat pafupi ndi thunthu. Mulch amaletsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kutuluka kwa namsongole.
Zosamalira
"Zilga" yadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati mphesa zosawerengeka komanso zosayamika za mphesa. Kuti chitukuko chokwanira komanso chochulukitsa fruiting chisamaliro chosiyanasiyana chikhale chinyezi, panthawi yake kudya ndi oyenerera kudulira. Tidzamvetsetsa zonse mu dongosolo.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la zosiyana "Zilga" mu kumasulira kuchokera ku chi Latvia amatanthauza "buluu".
Kuthirira
Wosakanizidwa adzayankha bwino kwa dothi lonyowa bwino, koma adzaphulika ndi kufota mumtunda. Choncho, ndikofunika kuthirira mbewuyo ponena za malo apansi. Mwamphamvu ndi yowonongeka hydration amafuna achinyamata baka mutabzala, komanso pachiyambi cha kukula nyengo pamaso budding. Pambuyo maluwa, pamene ovary amayamba kupanga mpesa, ndibwino kuti kuthirira kuimidwe ndikubwezeretsedwanso kokha ngati kuli kofunikira ngati nyengo yayitali, yotentha. Akatswiri amalangiza kupanga chitsime chakuya cha madzi otsala pakhoma.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuti wosakanizidwa abereke zipatso chaka chilichonse, wolima munda ayenera kuyesetsa. Iwo amaphatikizapo kudyetsa ndi alkalization wa nthaka yamchere. Koma kuchepa kwa kokha kokha organic kapena mchere zinthu kwambiri osafunika. Inde, pa gawo lililonse la chitukuko, chitsamba chimafuna zigawo zina.
Kufatsa feteleza osaphunzira kumawonjezera kukula kwa mpesa, kotero ndikofunikira kumvetsa nthawi ndi nthawi yopanga chitsamba. Mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe kumayambira, zomera zimasowa nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalangiza panthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko kugwiritsa ntchito urea, ammonium nitrate kapena yankho kuchokera ku kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuku manyowa. M'nthawi ya maluwa chikhalidwe amafunikira phosphoric zinthu. Choncho, superphosphates akulimbikitsidwa kwa feteleza. Ndipo kulimbikitsa mpesa ndi cuttings mphesa maburashi amafunikira potaziyamu. Ndibwino kuti mukhale kugwa, ngati mkuwa, zomwe zimakhudza makhalidwe osagwirizana ndi chisanu. Panthawi yokolola, zitsulo sizidzasokoneza, zomwe zimakhudza nambala ya zipatso. Koma chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo pa mapangidwe a ovary, zidzakhala zofunikira kudyetsa shrub ndi yankho la boric acid.
Ndikofunikira! Mphesa amafunika 3-4 kuvala: kumayambiriro kwa masika, masabata awiri musanayambe maluwa, isanafike kucha kwa chipatso ndipo zitachotsedwa ku mpesa.
Kudulira
Njirayi iyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena m'dzinja. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba zaka ziwiri. Pa "Silga" iwo amawotchera, omwe amaphatikizapo mphukira zazikulu kwambiri 2-3 ndi kuchotsa zigawo zawo pamtunda wa maso asanu ndi atatu.
Mofanana ndi mphesa zina zoyambirira kucha, hybrid iyi amapereka zikwapu zambiri. Ayenera kuchotsedwa, mwinamwake mpesa sudzapeza nthawi yoti izitsuka, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ikhoza kuwononga chitsamba. Ambiri amalimala akudandaula, kunena kuti ambiri a mbeu ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ena amaganiza kuti atatha kulangizidwa, izi ziyenera kubwezeretsedwa. Ndipotu, akatswiri amanena kuti kudulira koopsa sikungapweteke mphesa, koma m'malo mwake, zidzakhala bwino. Taganizirani kulemera kwa masango amtsogolo ndipo musazengereze mutchire.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Mu ndemanga za zosiyanasiyana "Zilga" wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amatchula ubwino wake:
- kupirira kwa nyengo yovuta;
- Kuwombera kwabwino kwa mbande ndi kusintha kofulumira pamalo atsopano;
- chisamaliro;
- kuthekera kwa kulima mu njira yosakonzedwe;
- mkulu wogonjetsa;
- mtengo wapamwamba ndi kukoma kwa zipatso;
- zokolola;
- dziko lonse pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso.
"Zilga" akuwonekera osati makhalidwe okhawo osagwira chisanu ndi zipatso zochuluka za mphukira. Ngati simukuchotsa mpikisano, zofooka komanso zosafunikira, mbewuyo idzadziwonongera yokha pokhapokha kulemera kwa masango.
